Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest Visitor’s Guide 2012 Published by The Lakeland Times, Minocqua, WI www.lakelandtimes.com

Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest • 4125 Forest Headquarters Road • Boulder Junction, WI 54512 • www.dnr.wi.gov

Spotlight Wisconsinites care deeply about theYour cur- towering ‘place white pines denuded up bynorth’ logging biking and snowmobiling. rent and future use of public forests in Wis- near the turn of the last century. Retreating Graced by some of the most consistent consin. The Northern Highland American glaciers 10,000 years ago carved the snowfalls in the state, the forest provides Greetings Legion (NHAL) State Forest is no excep- land’s structure, forming the forest’s more than 400 miles of snowmobile t ion. As the largest state-owned property, unique hills, lakes, boulders and wet- trails that connect with hundreds of the NHAL is a vast and cherished part of lands. more miles of riding opportunities. Wisconsin’s ecological, economic and The lakes and rivers are one of There are approximately 40 miles social past, present and future. The NHAL the primary features that draw of groomed cross-country ski trails State Forest covers 232,000 acres located in more than two million visitors and many more miles of ungroomed northern Wisconsin in Vilas, Oneida and to the forest each year. Fish- trails. There are 18 family camp- Your opinion matters. Let Iron counties. ing, boating, swimming, grounds with 865 campsites in us know what you think. In 1925, the Wisconsin legislature creat- canoeing and kayaking are the forest and two outdoor group Turn to page 2 ed the public forest to preserve the headwa- all popular summer activi- camping areas that will each ters of the Wisconsin, Manitowish and ties. Trails and woods roads crisscross the accommodate a total of 80 people. Boat

Lyme Disease Flambeau rivers – once a region of dense forest, providing opportunities for hiking, See WELCOME. . . page 5 Welcome to the State Forest

Find out how to avoid this devastating illness. Turn to page 9

Shoreline project

The shoreline at Crystal Lake is being restored. Turn to page 13

Van Vliet hemlocks

Travel the trails through the Paul Lueders photograph beautiful hemlock forest. Wildlife is abundant on the NHAL. Enjoy all the state forest has to offer. Turn to page 15

Nature Center NATURE TRAIL Emergency information MAPS Hospital – Howard Young Medical Cen- Telephone – There is a public pay phone Escanaba Trail, Fallison Lake Nature ter, Woodruff. 715-356-8000 located in many of the small towns in the Trail, Lumberjack Trail, Madeline Clinic – Marshfield Clinic, Minocqua. area. Emergency telephones are available at Lake Trail, McNaughton Lake Trail, 715-358-1000 the Ranger Stations during open hours. Resi- North Trout Nature Trail, Powell See what’s on the schedule Ambulance – dial 911 dent managers and campground hosts have Marsh Trail, Raven Nature Trail, at the Nature Center. Fire – dial 911. cell phones for emergencies. Shannon Lake Trail, Tom Roberts Disturbances – In case of a civil distur- Office hours – The Clear Lake and Crys- Memorial Trail ...... 24, 25 Turn to page 19 bance, notify the nearest Ranger Station, tal Lake Ranger Stations are open daily 8 DNR office, or if necessary phone the Sher- a.m. to 11 p.m. from Memorial Day to CAMPGROUND Hey kids! iff’s Department (911). Be sure to write down Labor Day. From mid-May to Memorial auto license numbers, make and model of Day and again from Labor Day to the end of MAPS cars, campsite numbers, etc. September the Ranger Stations are open Allequash Lake, Clear Lake, Day Lake, Clear Lake Ranger Station: 715- daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The rest of the Jag Lake Group, North Muskellunge 356-3668 year, the Ranger Stations are open as Group, Nebish Lake ...... 25 Crystal Lake Ranger Station: 715- staffing allows, and usually at least one sta- Big Lake, Buffalo Lake, Cunard Lake, 542-3923 tion is open each day except holidays. For North Trout Lake, Sandy Beach Lake, Severe weather – In case of severe weath- Clear Lake call 715-356-3668, or for Crys- South Trout Lake ...... 26 er, visitors should check for updates at the tal Lake call 715-542-3923. The forest Crystal Lake, Indian Mounds, Ranger Stations or tune radios to the follow- superintendent is located at the Woodruff Muskie Lake, Upper Gresham . .27 ing stations: 92.5 WJJQ (Tomahawk), 94.5 Service Center at 715-356-5211, ext. 225. Clear Lake, Plum Lake, Starret Lake . .28 ‘Exploring the Extremes’ is WRJO (Eagle River), 95.9 WMQA (Minoc- Other forest operations are handled out of Carrol Lake, East Star Lake, Fire- hot-off-the-presses. fly Lake, Razorback Lake, West qua), 98.3 WCQM (Park Falls) or 99.7 the Trout Lake Forest Headquarters at 715- Star Lake ...... 29 Turn to page 30 WIMI (Ironwood/Hurley). 385-2727. Page 2–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

Welcome from the superintendent Welcome to the 2012 version of our done. Some of these changes are former staff are now. Northern Highland-American Legion immediate, for instance the breadth of Something I enjoyed last summer State Forest Visitors Guide. For the the program that Melissa will be lead- was meeting with more of you to hear sixth year it is being produced by The ing. Others will be implemented more your views on the property. This sum- Lakeland Times and we are grateful for slowly, as we are able to hire more peo- mer both Melissa and I will be hosting their support, and the support of the Steve ple. The most notable of those changes campfire listening sessions on Tuesday advertisers that allow us to put this is that we will be hiring more Rangers evenings in July. The schedule is listed paper out each year, with timely infor- Petersen, that will work year round rather than in our nature center article and will be mation to make your stay here pleasant. Superintendent hiring Rangers just for the summer. posted in the stations and campgrounds This column is my opportunity to Those Rangers will also have responsi- as those dates approach. I was happy to share with you some of the significant bilities off the property for forestry get your feedback last year and I changes over the last year. A year ago, related law enforcement like timber learned a lot about your views. Some for instance, I shared with you the not only incredibly strong academic theft and fire cause investigation. Brett things we were able to respond to retirements of several of our staff and credentials but also experience and pas- Bockhop’s role as our property’s super- immediately and other issues will take the transfer of several others to differ- sion for working in our business and visor for the Ranger program will longer to study and solve. ent jobs in the area. The tide has serving the public. We are very excited expand to the other state forests as a We are happy to host you on your turned! Reinforcements are arriving! to have her join us. coordinator to assist those superintend- visit to the Northern Highland-Ameri- On the Monday before Memorial Chase Christopherson is our new ents. can Legion State Forest. We all hope Day weekend Melissa Baker will join forester and grew up nearby, in Boulder I look forward to those changes and you enjoy your stay and return again our staff as the Operations and Visitor Junction. He has worked in the north- believe it will provide you with consis- and again. Let us know if there is Services Supervisor. She will lead the west and in Alaska and is an enthused tent, high-quality service from that something we can do to make your stay teams that maintain and develop our and welcome addition to our staff. Ranger corps as well as better serving here more pleasant. property and also those staff that pro- In addition to some new hires, we our Forestry Division and its cus- vide customer service at the ranger sta- are changing some of the roles existing tomers. What I will miss, though, is the Steve Petersen, Superintendent tions and in the campgrounds. Melissa staff have. This is as a result of some satisfaction of seeing so many of our 8770 Highway J most recently has been the Professor of analysis done by the Division of summer Rangers move on to other Woodruff, WI 54568 Forestry Recreation at the University of Forestry to best align our program staff DNR careers. Look for an article in 715-356-5211 extension 225 Wisconsin – Stevens Point. She brings with the most important work to be this paper sharing where some of those [email protected] Data coverage and wireless DO NOT BRING hotspots for your devices FIREWOOD Data coverage is available at most if of Minocqua provides wireless internet FROM HOME! not all of the NHAL campgrounds. It on most of the island. Other municipal might not be the latest generation and hotspots are at the Boulder Junction and WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE fastest but you will likely have some Manitowish Waters libraries. FIREWOOD? service. While you are spending time in the TERS There are many local businesses that NHAL you will still be able to stay con- HEADQUAR Firewood purchased offer wireless hotspots and they usually nected with work, family, and friends. YOUR BBQ within 25 miles of a post that. Some of them require a “key” Tell them what a great time you are hav- state forest, park, or that you’ll get with a purchase. The town ing! Come to Our other state-managed property. AND Brat Fry every Friday harvested in Wisconsin. 11am-2pm Firewood from a • Steaks vendor that is certified by the Wisconsin • Walleye All Home-made Department of • Seafood Agriculture, Trade and • Deli Meats • Snack Sticks Consumer Protection. • Cheeses Find a certified vendor. • Jerky • Brats Dimensional and • Salads untreated lumber scraps, such as 2-by-4s GRILLING SPECIAL and 2-by-6s. 6oz. Bacon- Wrapped $ 00 EA. With5. Coupon. Tenderloin FiletsLimit 5 Steaks per coupon. Exp. 9/31/12 (715)356-5258 Hwy. 51 & J, Minocqua OPEN MON. - FRI. 8 - 5, SAT. 9 - NOON – CLOSED SUNDAYS

NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 3

Enjoy your time on the forest It is with great pleasure that I join the information on things to do in and hope you will take the chance to say Northern Highland-American Legion around the forest. hello. I think you will find them to be State Forest team as the Operations and Another group I would like to helpful, friendly, and passionate about Visitor Services Team Supervisor. For acknowledge is the operations team. the work they do to provide you with the past several years I have been bring- Melissa The operations team is led by three full- the best possible recreation experience. ing students from the University of time employees: Dick Logan (facili- I am very much looking forward to Wisconsin – Stevens Point to the forest Baker, ties), Dan Jacoby (boat landings and getting to know the forest, the staff, and to learn about managing for recreation water trails) and Tony Martinez (trails). you, the visitor, during my first year. I on public lands. Throughout each of Operations They are joined by a dedicated group of would welcome the chance to talk with these visits it has been clear to me that Supervisor seasonal maintenance crew members. If you about what you find special about the NHAL is a special place. I am hon- you have enjoyed a campsite, trail, boat your state forest and to answer any ored to be a part of the team that man- ramp, picnic area or any of our visitor questions you might have. ages this resource that is of such impor- staff: Kim Krawczyk (Crystal Lake facilities while on the forest it is tance to the many visitors to the forest Ranger Station) and Rosalie Richter because of the hard work of this team. Melissa Baker, Operations and Visi- and the character and economy of this (Clear Lake Ranger Station). We are As you enjoy your time on the forest, tor Services Supervisor area. also very fortunate to have a great I encourage you to think about all of the Trout Lake Forestry Headquarters I hope you will take the opportunity group of seasonal visitor services asso- hard work and dedication that goes into 4125 County Highway M to talk to a member of our visitor serv- ciates, campground hosts and resident providing all aspects of your experi- Boulder Junction, WI 54512 ices staff during your visit. Our visitor managers. These folks are a very ence. When you see a member of the 715-385-355 Extension 119 services team is led by two full-time friendly bunch and a great source of operations or visitor services teams, I [email protected]

This past year has Rangers brought some working for youAnother on law the change, 2011State Act 51, Foresting to you. If you need clarification, please changes to the states firearms laws, includ- removed the case requirement for ask any of our rangers, they are more than ing those that regulate the carrying unloaded long guns in vehicles, however, happy to answer your questions. Also, firearms on the state forest. In this years long guns still cannot be uncased or when you see a ranger on patrol, I hope column I will outline some of the changes Brett loaded within 100 yards of a forest camp- you will stop and visit with them. They for you. ground or picnic area. can give you an inside tip about the best 2011 Wisconsin Act 35 established a Bockhop, I don’t expect you will notice many dif- hiking and fishing spots. You can also con- concealed carry of weapons (CCW) pro- ferences with these changes during your tact me anytime with questions or con- gram and made changes to a number of Ranger visit to the forest, but I wanted you to be cerns. I hope you have a safe and enjoy- statutes that apply to firearms in the state. Supervisor aware of the possibility that one of your able visit to your state forest. People with a valid CCW permit can fellow visitors may be carrying a firearm. carry concealed weapons (knives, billy The vast majority of people exercising Brett Bockhop, Ranger Supervisor clubs, electric weapons, handguns) on the Additionally the law specifies that openly their Constitutional right to carry a firearm Clear Lake Ranger Station state forest, including campgrounds and carrying a handgun by anyone at least 21 are honest, law abiding people like you 8282 Woodruff Rd. ranger stations. Act 35 also removed years old is not against the law on the and me. If you do see something that con- Woodruff, WI 54568 handguns from the prohibition of state forest, including campgrounds and cerns you though, please let us know. Phone 715-356-4752 loaded/uncased firearms in vehicles. ranger stations. I hope these new law aren’t too confus- [email protected]

There were 2011 a total of 8,372 Reservation transac- That change will be System watched in follow- andIowa .29%Registration ofStatistics our camping population and our local tions made for camping in the Crystal ing years. Campers came from 39 states, two communities combined exceed even Lake and Clear Lake groups of camp- provinces, Guam, and a few unknown Wausau. grounds. Registrations by state places. The same company continues to man- 51.6% were by the internet Wisconsin 90.99% From within Wisconsin more of you age the reservation system and while 8.6% were through the call center Illinois 3.36% came from Wausau and Rhinelander than they no longer have a call center in 39.7% were in person at the counter. Minnesota 2.10% anywhere else. Other common areas are Madison their customer service is by More of you are reserving by internet Michigan 1.68% the Fox Valley, Milwaukee, and the Wisconsin residents answering the calls and fewer by telephone or in person. Indiana .30% Madison area. Locals are still a big part at a home office.

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Page 4–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

For over 100 years the state forest has NHAL forest managementThe determination of which method to They are worth the effort to experience been involved in shaping the environ- use is based on the ability of the site to and remember on your time in the Forest. ment, the forest aesthetics and ecology of regenerate naturally and the ability of the the northwoods. 1911 saw the first seeds desired species to regenerate on a partic- Sustainable forestry is our goal of a new forest planted at the Trout Lake Jeff ular site. For example, if a site experi- To guide our actions and apply our nursery where the Forestry and Mainte- ences hot and dry conditions planting practice, we define sustainability – “To nance buildings are located today. You Olsen, may be the best alternative. This is most practice sustainable forestry in the present can see some of these pine trees today at common for the pine species, especially without compromising the ability of future the Star Lake Nature Trail. Currently we Forestry jack pine. generations needs by practicing a land have 8 forester positions, several limited Supervisor stewardship ethic that integrates reforesta- term employees, a visitor associate and White pine is our key tree tion and the managing, growing, nurtur- supervisor to look after an active man- species on the NHAL ing, and harvesting of trees for useful agement program. For example, trees are actively managed, according to a 2007 After the cut over of the Northwoods products through the conservation of soil, planted each spring, timber management report to the Wisconsin Legislature. On at the turn of the last century, many air and water quality, biological diversity, plans developed and sales set up; con- the NH-AL, about 5000 acres are set up thought the majestic white pine was gone wildlife and aquatic habitat, recreation, tracts for services are administered, close for management in 2012. You can look forever. Now it is obvious that the and aesthetics.” monitoring and suppression of small for them on our website and look at our biggest of our pine species is back and Principles of sustainable forestry prac- wildfires and inventory of each timber future plans there also. The Forest also taking its position as a dominate tree on tices are, to use and to promote sustainable stand on the Forest is recorded every 20 plants about 200 acres to red, white and more acres every year. Even though the forestry practices among forest landown- years. We sell 1000s of cords of fire- jack pine trees. We keep up with the for- percentage of pure white pine stands is ers that are both scientifically credible and wood permits, Christmas tree permits est inventory by sampling about 30,000 low on the NHAL, (about 10%), white economically, environmentally, and along with bough and bark gathering per- acres and entering them into our data pines are making it into the understory of socially responsible. To protect forests mits. It’s a very busy year around organ- base. many other forest types. In most timber from economically or environmentally ization to run. Check us out at, Of the area harvested more than 70 harvests, the white pine trees are left in undesirable wildfire, pests, diseases, and http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/stateforest/nhal/ percent of the management prescriptions good numbers to reseed, grow and con- other damaging agents and thus maintain are selective, to accelerate growth of the tribute to the composition of many and improve long-term forest health and A 2012 overview of forest remaining trees and leave many trees in stands. We have small and large old- productivity. To manage forests and lands management on the NHAL the stand. Approximately 30 percent of growth stands of white pine scattered of special significance (biologically, geo- Wisconsin DNR lands are managed for the stands actively managed each year are across the NHAL too. They were inven- logically, historically or culturally impor- multiple-use objectives as the 2005 harvested using regeneration techniques. toried and monitored to assess health and tant) in a manner that takes into account NHAL Master Plan specifies. Along with After harvest these stands are either growth. Even though many are “only” their unique qualities and to promote a non-timber objectives, the DNR lands are replanted or regenerate naturally and will 100 years old, they are large and impres- diversity of wildlife habitats, forest types, used to demonstrate various forest prac- continue to grow and produce forests and sive to stand by or walk by. They also and natural community types. And to con- tices to the public, while meeting a variety wood products for future generations. stand taller than their fellow trees and tinually improve the practice of forest of habitat objectives. Resource managers These regenerating forests also provide from the air are seen dotted across the management though training and monitor within the Department of Natural important habitat for wildlife species forest. The Star Lake Plantation of red measure and report performance in Resources use these objectives in con- associated with young forests such as and white pines is 101 years old this year. achieving the commitment to sustainable junction with other demands to manage ruffed grouse, snowshoe hare and wood- There are natural stands of old pines at forestry. As a staff, the forestry portion of each state forest as a healthy ecosystem. cock. Cathedral Point and west of Bittersweet the NHAL holds these objectives and stan- Each year, about one percent of the land Harvested stands are either regenerat- lakes area to name a couple. Please take dards in high esteem and strives to incor- under all DNR ownership statewide is ed naturally or are planted with seedlings. time to observe them when you can. porate them in all we do.

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NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 5

Boat landings and water trails The water levels of lakes on the North- ern Highland-American Legion (NH- AL) State Forest are still below normal. The water levels have improved 2011 but are still very low on seepage lakes. Seep- age lakes are those which have no inlet or Dan outlet and are affected most by drought. 2011 started out with above normal Jacoby rains but summer and fall were below normal once again. We are not back to previous low water levels but still have very few lakes at normal or full status. trailer back up the ramp. There may be Plan to have about the same or slightly lakes nearby with water levels more suit- better water levels as last year. Above ed to your boat and trailer. Hip boots or normal, early summer rainfalls in 2012 waders in your towing vehicle along with are needed and could help you to launch oars or paddles in the boat may be help- on some of those lakes that were difficult ful in lakes with shallow, flat areas. to access last year. We recommend several things that can Currently all landings on the NH-AL keep landings functioning: State Forest are open. Small boats, Trim-up to power load. This technique canoes, and kayaks are still able to access pushes surface water back and will pro- detrimental to the ramp as extreme power areas and cause the sandy soil to collapse all the lakes. Boarding docks have been pel your boat onto the trailer. Use the loading or erode. Shoreline areas are unique adjusted at many landings and may no hand winch to pull the remaining cable Always use four-wheel drive (4WD) ecosystems and it is up to us to keep them longer be attached to the usual approach and boat into the cradle. Leaving your to launch and pick up your boat as the in good shape. ramp. Some landings will not have a motor down will push sand and gravel added traction will keep the ground from We appreciate the cooperation we boarding dock due to excessive low back, which builds a sand reef between being torn up and rutted. If equipped, use receive from the public. The public water. you and the deeper part of the lake. The 4WD to avoid spinning tires which can should feel free to inform us if they Before unloading, always walk around reef that is formed from not trimming up damage the surface of the approach. notice something at the landing that and look at the launch site first. Look to or tilting up the motor can eventually One new suggestion we would like to needs attention. Our goal is to provide see if it is deep enough to launch and become impassable. We have “No Power make would be to tread lightly on access safe, clean and functional access to water. float your boat. Check the ground surface Loading” signs up this year to discourage sites. We are seeing increased shoreline Public input is an important part of and slope to see if you will need four- the practice but realize some trailers by erosion. Try to concentrate use, to one achieving that goal. wheel drive to pull out the weight of the design require some power to push a boat area of shoreline. Without the water lev- Dan Jacoby is the NH-AL Boat Land- boat and trailer. Remember, it is easier to onto the bunks. Coasting on using as lit- els up to the normal shore, people tend to ing Coordinator and can be reached at launch a boat, than to pull the boat and tle power as needed will not be near as climb up and down the shore in multiple 715-385-3355 extension 118.

ways. Winter camping is permitted at the such as the bald eagle, osprey and com- time, there may be 30 to 40 active timber Clear Lake Campground. Many of the mon loon provide visitors with more fre- sales in progress, so don’t be surprised to FromWELCOME page 1 campgrounds also feature nature trails, quent viewing opportunities across the see active logging operations taking picnic areas with drinking water, toilets forest landscape. Gray wolf packs have place on your state forest. These timber landings are provided at most camp- and swimming beaches. once again found a home within the for- sales provide necessary wood-based grounds. In addition, the forest cleans our air est boundaries and sometimes greet visi- products while ensuring a healthy, sus- There are five family campgrounds and water, provides habitat for a wide tors with distinctive howls heard in the tainable forest that visitors will use and that accept reservations; Crystal Lake, range of plant and animal species, and still of the night. enjoy for many years to come. Muskie Lake, Firefly Lake, Clear Lake helps us sustain our quality of life. A Hunting, subject to certain regula- Healthy, sustainable forests equal fun, and Indian Mounds. There are also five variety of rare species inhabit the forest, tions, is permitted in the forest. The area too. As a matter of fact, nearly all of the remote camping areas with a total of 17 including a sampling classified as endan- is very popular with many deer, bird and NHAL’s cross-country ski and mountain campsites, also available by reservation. gered, threatened or sensitive. Species small game enthusiasts. bike trails trace their origins to timber Seventy-eight canoe campsites, accessi- such as the spotted salamander, wood The NHAL State Forest has also sales. Many visitors actively seek out ble only by water, are situated along the turtle and Cooper’s hawk are quite earned a reputation as one of Wiscon- new timber sales for their enhanced shorelines of the forest’s myriad water- uncommon and inconspicuous. Others sin’s hardest working forests. At any wildlife viewing potential, as well.

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Page 6–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

Goods from the Northwoods Birch bark, burls, berries and boughs esting economic activity but certain reg- harvesting and use whether it’s birch leaving green behind so it can regener- – these are just some “Goods from the ulations and restrictions, including bark basket weaving to edible mushroom ate. Bough harvest can be an economic Northwoods” or Nontimber forest prod- where and how much harvested, do identification. Here are a few products opportunity during the late fall season ucts (NTFPs) that are gathered and used apply. There are certain guidelines that are harvested in the Northwoods and selling for about $500 per ton to local for food, medicine, and crafts. Non-tim- to follow when interested in info on each. wreath making companies. ber forest products have been important gathering from the forest. Here Birch bark. The birch tree – Pine cones. There are a variety of to the livelihood of the inhabitants of are a few tips on harvesting: wood, leaves, roots and sap – conifer trees in northern Wisconsin that North America from prehistoric times to • Permits and guide- have proved to be useful to peo- produces cones of various shapes and the present. As elsewhere in the world, lines. Before harvest, find ple throughout history. Yet it is sizes. Cones have been used for decora- early inhabitants of North America made out about policies, guide- the bark that stands out tive displays for many projects. Harvest- extensive use of the vegetation that sur- lines and permits. The among the trees many gifts. ing cones can also be a small economic rounded them. Archaeological evidence State WDNR, Forest Birch bark can be collected opportunity when the state nurseries are indicates, for example, that by 6,000 Service and Counties all from dead trees and on the in need of conifer and other tree seeds. B.C. Native American residents of the have different policies on ground and used for many dec- Here, the state nurseries can pay the har- Upper Great Lakes Basin relied heavily harvest so it’s important to be orative items. The bark can also be har- vester per bushel of cones they pick fol- on plant foods gathered from the forest. aware of this. Permits allow the agency vested on a live tree during mid-June to lowing appropriate guidelines. If inter- Learning how and what to gather is a to monitor the demand and use of vari- early July. Less than 1/8 of an inch of ested, contact the nearest state nursery. process. Many gatherers in our area ous products. Failure to have a permit the outer bark is harvested while the dark The final product from gathering can learned about plant uses from their fam- may result in a fine. inner bark is maintained. Harvesting be a rewarding experience whether it’s a ilies, which is especially true for plants • Be careful where you step. While bark can injure a tree so it’s best to fol- birch bark basket or a beautifully carved, that were commonly harvested during harvesting, it is easy to damage a sensi- low guidelines from an experienced har- wood bowl. There are so many creations childhood—berries, fiddleheads, fir, and tive environment in a short amount of vester. Birch bark basket classes are pop- and products that can be gathered from hazelnuts. I remember being sent out time. Plant populations can be destroyed ular in the Northwoods. Never harvest the woods, but proper harvest and fol- with my brothers and sisters to pick pails by trampling. Certain soils are easily birch bark from public use areas in the lowing guidelines are so important to full of wild strawberries and raspberries. compacted, which affects root growth state forest. maintaining a sustainable resource for The job was not done until all of our- and plant health. While harvesting, try to Balsam boughs. The smell of Christ- future generations. buckets were full. This method of minimize the number of trips you make mas is in the air when balsam boughs are More information on Nontimber For- knowledge transfer was particularly sig- to avoid unnecessary damage. being harvested. Boughs are usually har- est products, see the following websites: nificant for Native American NTFP gath- • Know what you are picking. vested from mid-September until http://www.myminnesotawoods.umn.ed erers who learn and teach about medici- Sometimes desirable plants and fungi November. Proper harvest of boughs is u/category/nontimber-forest-products/ nal plants by speaking with elders and by have look-alikes and are difficult to iden- done 50 feet from a road and includes http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TimberSales/n participating in hands-on group gather- tify. Proper identification can mean the harvesting only a portion of the branch onCommercial.html ing activities and ceremonies. Even difference between sinking your teeth today folks that want to learn more about into a delicious edible morel and becom- harvesting can rely on books, including ing sick from ingesting a false one. To field guides and the Internet for addition- help make positive identifications, carry Fun fact al information about the use of forest a guidebook that describes plants and In 2011 the state forest produced an average of 12 board feet per productive acre products. fungi found in your area. and enough pulp to produce 11 cases of toilet paper per productive acre. From the view of most forest man- At various times throughout the year, agers, gathering is a harmless and inter- there are classes offered that teach about

NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 7

Dear Steve ... I love camping in the NHAL, but and providing visitors with information Dear Steve, Ms. Igottaleave recently something happened that has about the forest and surrounding area. If I have been trying to get a campsite I recall the days when the limit was 21 me a bit concerned. The person camping this is something that interests you, in one of the reservable campgrounds days and people would complain that next to me was carrying a gun. Should I please stop by one of the ranger stations for a long time. They fill up so fast that was too short. Back then someone would be worried? for to talk to our visitor services associ- I rarely end up getting the site I want. I get on a lake site and occupy it for sever- I.M. Passive ates and get a campground host applica- have heard that many people take al weeks. Meanwhile, people that don’t tion. advantage of loopholes in the system to get that much time off couldn’t get a lake Dear Mr. Passive make reservations they may not other- site. When we moved the limit to 14 Seeing a visitor with a gun is not nec- Dear Steve, wise be allowed to have. Can’t you just days that created what I call “churn” and essarily a reason for concern. Recent One of my favorite spots on the forest get rid of the reservation system and go more people got the opportunity to camp changes to the states firearms laws allow is the Clear Lake Campground beach. back to the way things used to be? on a lake site. It was a statewide policy people with a concealed carry permit to Many times when I try to go there, how- Ivanna Sitesobad to create a more fair system and provide carry weapons. These same changes also ever, there isn’t enough parking. Why more opportunity. Here at the NHAL you allow anyone 21 or older to openly carry isn’t there more parking at the Clear Ivanna, may move to another campground out- handguns. You can find more informa- Lake Campground beach? In today’s world many people need side of the immediate area and return tion in the “Rangers Working for You” Frustrated Boater to be able to plan ahead and know they after a week. You might be surprised to section of the visitor, or ask any of our have a campsite. Others enjoy the con- hear that I have people suggesting to me rangers. Mr. Boater, venience of knowing exactly where that the limit be even shorter. We feel your pain and know it gets they will be camping. While our reser- Dear Steve, congested. Unfortunately we don’t have vation system isn’t perfect it provides a Dear Steve, During our last trip to the forest we much room to expand that area. Rangers service and accommodates many of our About that firewood… It’s costly and noticed that some sights were designated strictly enforce parking for the safety of policies. Last summer at my listening I can’t get a fire started. for “campground hosts.” We love the everyone. I’m sure you don’t want to be sessions I learned more details about Cold and Wet forest and would like to have a closer the one who needs an ambulance, but if how some people game the system to association with it. What is a camp- you do it is important that the ambulance their advantage. That’s really disap- Dear C and W, ground host and how can we become be able to get there and not be blocked pointing when those people exploit Firewood was one of them. Campers campground hosts on the forest? by those who are illegally parked. The loopholes or outright lie to get a camp- are passionate about their campfire. Last Mr. & Ms. Hap E. Camper good news is we have plans in the works site. While that shows me how impor- year in our outlying campgrounds we to put in overflow parking out on tant this forest is to them when they lost a fair bit of money on firewood Mr. & Ms. Camper, Woodruff Road, a short walk to the vacation it also shows me humanity’s sales. This year we are again adjusting We are always looking for experi- beach. The bad news it will take a couple dark side. We can work to close loop- our sales procedures and since we will be enced campers to be volunteer camp- years to get the funding. In the meantime holes and adjust policies but we can’t selling it ourselves we hope to make up ground hosts. You get a free campsite for you can help us out by using the boat change someone’s character. So the for our losses in some places by more a month in exchange for helping us out. landing and beach on the north side of foibles of the reservation system fall closely monitoring it where the most Some of the host duties are working at the lake, and campers can help out by into two categories – those we can wood is sold. But you should realize that the nature center, staffing the wood bin, leaving their vehicles and boat trailers at change and those we can’t. We do our part of the cost of your wood is to pay for light maintenance in the campground their campsite. best with the system we have. And that the wood someone else stole. system does work well for many peo- Our wood is purchased wholesale ple. from a local firewood dealer who If the reservation system does not processes wood cut from the property. I Fun fact work well for you, we also have many am certain it is seasoned more thorough- beautiful sites in campsites that do not ly than the wood you could have bought use the reservation system. Many of here a few years ago. I use it for my Each year the property goes through these campgrounds offer great locations campfire programs and usually pick the about 175 cases of industrial duty toilet and, while they may be a bit more prim- worst looking stuff in the shed just to see paper. Placed end to end that toilet paper itive, they offer great opportunities to how bad it is. I have yet to have a prob- would stretch from Boulder Junction to get away from it all. lem starting a fire. When you are start- Memphis, Tennessee. ing a fire I suggest you use some crum- Dear Steve, pled newspaper (not this one!) and some Why do you limit the length of camp- nice dry kindling. There will be fire ing stays to 14 days? It used to be 21 building programs at the Crystal Lake days and that was much better. Nature Center a couple times this sum- Yamean Igottaleave mer as well.

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Page 8–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012
                     Memorials and Commemorations Each year several requests are made Other memorials on the state forest to the property to place a memorial to a property are not allowed. Staff are sen-    !  loved one or remember a significant sitive to those survivors’ wishes to event. So far the property has facilitated memorialize a loved one, however these    " placement of benches within camp- memorials can be intrusive to other state grounds and picnic areas. These stan- forest visitors. Any unauthorized memo- dard benches provide a uniform look rials found on the property will be col- across the property. The goal is to pro- lected and returned to the owner if #$  %    &  ' vide a dignified and respectful memori- known or kept for a year before dispos- (  )"   * ( + ) al, a reflective place to put it, and a serv- al. This policy is similar to the Wiscon-  ice to all property visitors. The benches, sin Department of Transportation’s poli-   , -. " % 
/ produced by Aqualand Manufacturing in cy on memorials. Please share your Woodruff, are purchased and then donat- ideas with the superintendent, whose ed to the state forest. Forest staff install contact information is listed elsewhere 0  " the bench at a site agreed to by the in this publication. You may also contact donors and the superintendent. them to discuss placement of a bench.

    
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NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 9

Lyme Disease: What you should know International Lymes and Associated ative – since antibodies do not recog- It is important to know your body and if they not only give you background infor- Diseases Organization nize this form as an invader. At this symptoms persist. It’s also helpful to mation and latest research but also high- stage of infection treatment becomes know the symptoms of the co-infections lights the best treatment recommenda- Lyme disease (LD) is the most com- more difficult and strong antibiotics such as those listed above. At the end of tions in agreement from Lyme Literate mon vector-borne disease in America are used to “scare” the cysts out of the this article lists the different stages and Doctors all over the world. If you do and considered an endemic in Wiscon- tissues and then can be treated more symptoms of LD. have some spare time, the DVD docu- sin. According to the Center for Disease readily in the spirochete form. mentary, “Under our skin” is a gripping control, in 2009 approximately 38,000 Standard testing is unreliable. Most Treatment documentary of the untold story of LD cases were reported in the US. But regular medical practioners use a Opinion within the medical communi- and the medical community. It’s a must because of apparent flaws in the surveil- stepped approach by first using ELISA ty is deeply divided regarding the best see. lance/reporting system cases more likely and then the Western Blot. The ELISA approach for treating Lyme disease, par- exceed 450,000. Recent Studies of tick test is the simplest, least expensive, eas- ticularly LD that is not cured by short- Prevention infested areas document that 1 in 5 ticks iest to perform, and most common Lyme term protocols. There is controversy There are many ways to protect your- carry lyme disease and co-infections. test ordered. It is a test based on detect- between physicians as to how long and self against ticks but nothing is 100% The recent lyme map shows Wisconsin, ing the antibodies that our bodies make what is the best mode of treatment. effective. along with many New England states, in response to being exposed to Lymes. In many of these cases, relapses occur Repellent – DEET is not always the have higher incidence of LD. However, because of varying forms of while on short-term, less aggressive best against ticks, Cloths sprayed or the bacteria, this test is only 30 to 50% treatment. Research has shown that LD soaked in pyrythemin is better. Lemon Transmission reliable at detecting LD. can stay in the body in remission and Euchylptus is a natural repellent that can The black-legged tick, Ixodes scapu- The Western Blot essentially makes a surface at times with low immunity. be used in conjunction with pyrythemin. laris, is the most common carrier of LD map of the different antibodies the When LD has advanced to the dissemi- Repellent clothing – expensive but in the mid-western and eastern states. I. immune system produces to the bacteria. nated or late stages, its best to seek out a has been tested that it significantly pacificus is known to be the vector in the The map separates the antibodies by the lyme literate doctor of which there are reduces ticks west. Other species of ticks such as the weight of their respective antigens. The few in the state. In my situation, eleven Wear Light colored clothing dog tick or wood tick, test is more reliable up years ago I had LD, was treated with Do tick checks several times a day the lone-star tick and the to 80%. Most Lyme Lit- short term antibiotics and it appeared to After your day afield, put cloths in a rabbit tick, and biting erate doctors use a thor- be cured. hot dryer to kill the buggers. insects such as mosqui- ough, clinical evalua- However, last year my symptoms toes, deer flies and horse tion of symptoms and reappeared (maybe a new tick bite) and Stages of Lymes Disease flies have been shown to don’t rely solely on were persistent while testing negative. The first stage of Lyme disease is carry the Lyme disease these tests since Symptoms continued to get worse under called early Lyme disease. Early Lyme bacterium and co-infec- seronegative is very regular medical attention so I decided to disease usually causes one or more of the tions. However, their common. And not to see a lyme literate doctor. Fortunately, following symptoms that occur days to ability to transmit the forget there are a list of with several months of aggressive antibi- weeks after infection. Fatigue, chills and disease is not known at co-infections which otic treatment under supervision of a fever, headache muscle and joint pain, this. There is a myth that most medical praction- lyme literate doctor, I am getting better. swollen lymph nodes, rash or Erythema the tick has to be ers do not test for Because this is a chronic condition, I migraines attached for 24 hours before transmis- including Bartonella, Powassan, Ehrli- will still have to watch for flare up of The second stage of Lyme disease is sion can take place. The truth is trans- chiosis, Babesiosis and Mycoplasmas. symptoms. known as early disseminated Lyme dis- mission can occur within a few hours. ease, which means that the infection of So, it is important to do frequent tick Know the symptoms What you can do? bacteria is beginning to spread and is checks. Studies of human transmission Lyme disease, as it progresses in the It is important to know the facts and affecting certain body functions. This are few, however, LD spirochetes have body, has 3 stages (if left untreated), stay informed. LD is a great mimicker stage occurs weeks to months after the been found in human breast milk, tears, Being a great mimicker of other dis- and can be diagnosed as something else. bite of an infected tick. Problems can urine and semen. Through some studies eases, there are over 100 symptoms of One of the better LD websites is include: numbness and pain in arms or the disease has shown that it can be this disease and can be diagnosed as ILADS.org, International Lymes and legs; paralysis of facial muscles (usually transmitted to the fetus in the womb by something else. And each infected per- Associated Diseases Organization. Here See LYME. . . page 10 an infected mother. son may have differing symptoms to greater or lesser degree. Bull-eye rash or Bacterial Invasion and Testing radiating red spots only show in about N Lyme bacteria can exhibit differing 30% of cases but headache, fatigue, con- Sayner forms in the infected organism: spiro- tinual neck stiffness and muscle pain are Hwy. 155 chete, l-form and cyst. These forms common in the early stages. As LD pro- Hyw. 70 can complicate both testing and treat- gresses in the body it can affect any Camps ment. 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Page 10–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

Have a story to share? Over the years we’ve noticed that year after year. After hearing some of Weather warnings? many families have a favorite camp- your great memories, we’d like to start ground on the Northern Highland-Amer- saving, and maybe sharing them. What to do ican Legion State Forest, and many of So please, tell us your story. On July 27, 2010, a tornado struck the WCQM; and 99.7 WIMI. you have been camping here for years. It Your Name: Turtle Flambeau Flowage, a short dis- Do not depend on Rangers or other is especially nice to hear about genera- Hometown: tance northwest of the NHAL State For- staff to provide warnings to you. As tions of the same family coming back Can we post your story on our web- est. The flowage has a number of remote much as we would like to assure we can site? campsites and many people were do this, we simply can not. To the Send your story and photo to: camped that night. There were a few degree that we are able, we will do so, Clear Lake Ranger Station serious injuries, and thankfully there but our staff is spread too thin and may 8282 Woodruff Road were no fatalities. Here on the not be positioned to be effective, Woodruff, WI 54568 NHAL that night, we had some nor do we staff 24 hours a attn: Northwoods Memories trees blown down and some day. Your safety is ulti- or email to: camping equipment dam- mately in your own [email protected] aged, but no serious hands. injuries. Our facilities If severe were cleaned up and weather threat- repaired within a few ens, begin to days. We were pretty form a plan of Carry in – carry out lucky that night. If the what you would do if a Welcome to your state forest! You’ll and recycling containers eliminates the tornado’s course had been twenty warning is announced. You notice at the picnic areas, shelters, smells and mess they create. It also cuts miles south, some of our camp- might consider picking up your beaches, and other day use areas that down on yellow jackets and other pests. grounds could have seen seri- campsite and rolling up your there are no garbage or recycling bins. Reduce, reuse, recycle: Wisconsin ous damage. awning. Maybe take down your When you visit many Wiscon- state law requires us to recycle The National Weather picnic awning. Consider where you sin state forests, parks and many materials we once threw Service announces dan- would seek shelter and how you recreation areas, you need to away. Better yet, we can make gerous weather. They will would get there. Make plans with your take your garbage and recy- new choices of what to bring issue “watches” if condi- family to establish a meeting place if you clables home with you. with use. The more reusable tions offer potential for get separated. things we pack, the less severe weather. “Warn- When you receive a warning, seek Why? garbage we’ll create. ings” are issued if there is shelter. As safe as your vehicle may Home away from home: The It’s good for us and for our a likelihood of severe weather, or if it is seem, many people have been injured or forests belong to all of us, and just like earth home. directly reported. Weather forecasting killed within them during violent weath- home, we need to care for them and keep Thanks for helping out by carrying has evolved to become very accurate and er. Seek shelter in low lying areas or them clean. out what you’ve carried in. warnings should be taken seriously. within sturdy buildings, like our shower Less mess: Removal of the garbage Carry in – carry out. The easiest way to receive weather buildings or concrete toilet buildings. announcements is from a weather radio, Our recently constructed solid concrete treatment for early Lyme disease or available at low cost from many stores. toilet buildings are built to sustain very whose treatment did not kill all of the Battery operated, they will work just fine high winds. At the Turtle Flambeau FLYMErom page 9 bacteria that cause Lyme disease. in our campgrounds and remote camp- Flowage area, many people improvised Patients with late Lyme disease may sites. Alternatively, local commercial and sought shelter under the massive log on one side of the face); meningitis— get: Chronic Lyme arthritis—brief radio stations will broadcast warnings, constructed picnic tables or at the shore- fever, stiff neck, and severe headaches; bouts of pain and swelling usually and these may be able to better pinpoint line. abnormal heart beat (rare). occurring in one or more of the large a storm’s location and direction of travel Severe weather can lead to tragedy. The third stage of Lyme disease is joints, especially the knees; nervous for you. That being the case, it is help- Modern forecasting and planning on your called late (or chronic) Lyme disease. system problems, including memory ful for you to be aware of where you are part can help to keep you safe. Please This stage can occur weeks, months, or loss and difficulty concentrating; geographically. The most local radio take a few minutes to plan how you even years after infection in patients chronic pain in muscles and/or unrest- stations for the NHAL area are: FM 92.5 would respond to a severe weather warn- who either never received antibiotic ful sleep. WJJQ; 94.5 WRJO; 95.9 WMQA; 98.3 ing.

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NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 11

Camping in bear country The safetyOur of forest concern—your visitors is a pri- ers or scenic safety views. Be cautious in Always keep a clean camp. ority so please be careful at all times areas with loose gravel or sand, wet Use a designated camping area. and please impress safety precautions leaves, or other loose material. Always Don’t leave food out when not in use. on your children. Following are some be alert to traffic. Park and forest roads Store it in bear-resistant storage unit, precautions to keep in mind. follow the terrain and often have steep hard shelled vehicle or car trunk. Swimming—Swim safely. Swim at grades, corners and intersections. Bur- Set up tents with space between a designated beach where available. rowing animals may leave bumps and them. None of the Forest beaches have life- holes in the trail. Bikes are not allowed Keep pets on a leash. guards. on developed nature or hiking trails. Keep your sleeping area, tent and Don’t swim alone, at night, or in Skiing—Be aware that groomed sleeping bag free of food and odors. unfamiliar places. Use caution when trails cannot always be groomed on a Don’t sleep in clothes you were wading in unknown waters, as water daily basis. The quality of groomed wearing while you cooked food. depth may change abruptly. Watch trails can vary depending on heavy Keep a flashlight readily available. small children closely near the water. use, weather and terrain. Skiers should Don’t leave dirty utensils around the Boating/Canoeing—Every boat not ski beyond their abilities or allow campsite and canoe must carry a Coast Guard speed to build up beyond the skier’s Before going to bed, place garbage in approved lifesaving device for each ability to control their decent. dumpsters provided by the campground. person aboard, and passengers should Plants—Never eat berries or plant wear lifejackets at all times. Don’t parts unless you are certain of their Stay far away from bear traps overload your craft. When boating, be identity. Although it’s tempting to check out aware of your wake and stay well Severe weather—The time to pre- the bear traps we have set out to catch Michele Woodford photograph away from swimmers. Please do not pare for severe weather is before the our nuisance bears, our attempts to cap- power load boats. If you coast on and storm hits. Please develop a plan with ture will be much more successful if Black bear encounters trim up – this will help keep the lake your family on what you will do if everyone steers clear of the traps. Black bears should always be consid- bottom in place. threatening weather approaches. Please don’t add to Law Enforcement ered unpredictable and potentially dan- Hiking—Hike safely. Be aware that Ranger duties by forcing us to monitor gerous. A black bear will usually detect trails vary in difficulty. Not all trails traps for people as well as bears. your presence and flee the area before Questions to consider are surfaced. There may be steep • What county and city are you vis- you notice unless the bear has been con- climbs or descents or stairways. Watch iting? ditioned to people and their foods. Frightening black bears small children closely. Trail surfaces • Where will you go if threatening Black bears are occasionally encoun- If a black bear is visible, but not can become slippery when wet or cov- weather is approaching? tered on trails or at campsites. In most close, alter your route so that you will ered by leaves or pine needles, or • How will you find out if a storm is cases bears can be frightened away, but move away from its area. where there is loose gravel. moving toward your area? be sure they have an obvious and large If a black bear approaches, do not Biking—For your protection, wear • How will you receive warnings escape route. Use sticks, rocks, frying run. Remain calm, continue facing the shoes, pant-leg clips and helmet when and forecasts before the storm strikes? pans, or whatever is available to fright- bear and slowly back away. If the bear bicycling. Wear reflective clothing for A brochure on Severe Weather Infor- en the animal away. They can usually be continues to approach, try to group bicycling at night. Keep your bike mation from the National Weather frightened away by shouting, clapping together and pick up small children. Try under full control at all times. Pull off Service is available at the ranger sta- hands, or throwing objects. Such to scare the bear away by shouting and the road or trail to view wildlife, flow- tions. actions can be augmented by the noise acting aggressively. of pots banging. If a black bear attacks, it is suggested It is important to attempt to deter- to fight back using everything in your mine the motivation of the offending power, fists, sticks, rocks, and E.P.A. bears. 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SLOW DOWN the AND DRIVE 2 milesCorner west of Sayner onStore the corners of Hwy N and Razorback Road ATTENTIVELY Two Stores Under One Roof: We want everyone (715) 542-4250 Loon Land Trading Co: Has Lakeland’s Most • Ice Cream • Gourmet Coffees to have fun in the Complete Selection of Loon Related Items. • Groceries • Ice • Beer • Liquor Northwoods. • Firewood • Fishing & Camping Supplies Twisted Root Emporium: An Affordable We’re Gallery of Creations by Some of the Finest right on – And – Artisans in the U.S.

the Bike BIKE RENTALS! 207 FRONT ST., 1/2 BLOCK WEST OF THE STOPLIGHTS Trail! IN DOWNTOWN MINOCQUA (715) 356-5179

Page 12–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

See Me Tri Triathlon at Clear Lake picnic Area Join hundreds of Triathletes at the Clear Lake Picnic Area on Saturday, August 11, 2012 at 7:30 am as the North- ern Highland American Legion State Forest co-hosts the 3rd Annual “See Me Tri” the Minocqua Triathlon. The swim, bike and run courses will challenge ath- letes among the woods & waters of our will be along the bike lane on Hwy J and scenic Northwoods. on to Hwy E through wooded back “Great cities have great marathons roads. The run will be on the historic and and great triathlons,” said race founder scenic Raven Trail. Volunteers in water- Andrew Teichmiller. “Look at Boston, craft will provide safety for athletes dur- New York, Philadelphia and Chicago ing the swim portion of the race. and so we welcome participants to a big After finishing the bike, which rolls time event right here in the northwoods along Gilmore Lake and the Rainbow with our signature triathlon --See Me Tri Flowage, athletes will don their jogging the Minocqua Triathlon. We would like shoes and run on a wilderness trail in the to thank Marshfield Clinic & Ministry Raven Hiking Trail system then along Health for their generous sponsorship.” Woodruff Rd to the finish. A gala finish The Clear Lake location makes this line welcomes athletes with a celebra- event perfect for the Athletes and specta- tion, -- music, food and beverages – for tors alike. This event also provides great athletes, friends, families and spectators. opportunities for community non profit For more information and to register - groups who want to be part of a triathlon www.minocquatriathlon.com event, support the local tourism econo- my & raise some funds. Sprint & Olympic distances for team or individuals. Sprint Swim: 500m Bike: 20km (12.4 miles) Run: 5km (3.1 miles)

Olympic Swim: 1500m (.93 miles) Bike: 40km (24.8 miles) Run 10km (6.2 miles)

The triathlon will be staged at Clear Lake Picnic area off Hwy J. The swim Steve Petersen photographs will be an out & back. The bike course

By Kent Plowman microwaveCamping oven. withoutbattery system, power a 1000 watt generator of Plowman’s Marine Let’s look at the items you will need will do just fine. Just plug it into the The nice thing about being a camper to “dry” camp without 110v electricity. camper’s 110V cord, and it will recharge is we can all do it differently. Some of The camper’s water pump, refrigerator, the battery in an hour or two. If you are us like to “rough it” without any conven- entertainment system, etc. will work off looking to run the air conditioning or iences of home. No power, no roof over a 12V system already in your unit. If microwave, you will need at least a 3000 our head, no bathroom, etc. Some of us, you “dry” camp a lot, I would recom- watt generator. Some companies claim like me, want my house brought with mend you have two batteries. The best is as low as a 2400 watt unit will also work, me: power, roof over my head, and a hot to use what is called a “deep cycle” bat- but I recommend a 3000 watt unit to be shower when I want it. tery. It is designed to hold a charge sure it will get the job done. If you are in the latter group, there longer. The item that will draw down Remember, there are only certain are some challenges providing enough the battery the most is the water pump. hours you can use your generator in the power to enjoy all of the conveniences Try to take shorter showers than at home campground, so be sure to check the the area of the generator are closed. of home. As of now, none of the North- to conserve the battery life. Items like rules for generator use, and also get a This will prevent carbon monoxide from ern Highland State Forest Campgrounds entertainment systems and refrigerators generator permit. entering the unit. These rules also apply have 110v electricity. Most modern do not draw a lot from the battery. You will also need to follow some if you are tent camping. The other thing towable and motorized campers will Another item you might want when safety rules. Never have the generators to do when using a generator is to always work with just a 12V battery or batter- you are “dry” camping is a generator. exhaust pointing at the camper or any remember to be courteous to your sur- ies providing the power we need. The The size of generator you will need will flammable items, like lighter fluid or a rounding campers. only items that will not work on a 12V depend on what you want to do with it. gas can you have with you. You will With these simple rules. we all can battery are the air conditioning and If you are only looking to charge your also need to make sure all windows in enjoy our camping experience.

Year Round: 1-800-688-7471 T HAWK’S NEST UBING Adventure Trips Three Great Locations RAFTIN (Summer Only) G L Eagle River: 715-479-7944 onger t 1 to 3 rips Located: 5 Miles West of Eagle River at 6141 State Hwy 70 t hour a rips w vailabl ith shu e s ttle CA ervice N Manitowish Waters: 715-543-8585 (Summer Only) OE NG IN Located: at 263 State Hwy. 51 North of the Manitowish bridge KI G YA KA Lake Tomahawk: 715-277-3144 (Summer Only) Located: at 7205 Bradley St., Downtown Lake Tomahawk

River RENTAL with Pick-up and Drop-off Fishin C g Trip anoe Av s C ailable ampin Email us at [email protected] g Visit our web site at www.hawksnestcanoe.com

NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 13 Collecting firewood for your campfire Registered campers on the state ing off the trunk, loss of fine You may not cut wood in any 2012 fee schedule forest do not need a permit to cut branches, or trees without leaves area signed “closed to wood har- Clear, Crystal, Musky, Vehicles with Wiscon- campfire wood for use at their during leaf out. Do not cut trees vesting.” and Firefly Campgrounds sin license plates campsite, but the rules are the same with buds on them. If in doubt, DO Wisconsin Resident $15 Annual admission $25 NOT CUT. Q: Can I sell the firewood that I Non-resident $17 Daily admission $7 Frequently asked questions cut on the state forest? about wood cutting permits Q: Where can I go to cut fire- A: No. A wood cutting permit is All other campgrounds Vehicles with out-of- wood? for personal use only. and remote reservable state license plates Q: Who is required to have a A: Most areas of the state forest campsites Annual admission $35 wood cutting permit? are open for wood harvesting. On Q: What equipment can I use to Wisconsin resident $12 Daily admission $10 A: Every household cutting fire- timber sales, you may not cut trees cut firewood? Non-resident $14 wood on the state forest for home with marking paint on them, you A: No motorized equipment Vehicle admission dis- use is required to have a wood cut- may not cut wood from logging other than chainsaws may be used Musky and Jag group counts available for Wis- ting permit. Members of the permit piles (even if they look old) or any to harvest wood. Licensed motor camps consin residents 65 and holder’s family or friends may assist forest products left in the woods by vehicles are only allowed on woods 1-20 people $40 older. the permit holder without a permit. loggers. You may not cut any wood roads that are not bermed or gated. 21-30 people $60 Trail passes are required Any person having their wood per- in timber sale areas if logging All off-road use of vehicles includ- 31-40 people $80 for people 16 and older mit revoked may not cut wood or equipment is present. ing ATV’s, tractors, skid steers, and 41-50 people $100 biking and skiing on most assist others until the term of their snowmobiles for hauling or skid- 51-60 people $120 state forest trails where revocation is over. Campgrounds and picnic areas ding is strictly prohibited. those activities are permit- Registered campers on the state are closed for wood harvesting Reservations $10 ted, as posted at the trail- forest do not need a permit to cut except from Nov. 1st through April Q: What will happen if I violate Cancellations $5 head. Hikers do not need a campfire wood for use at their 30th when you may harvest the conditions of the permit? Reservation changes $8 state trail pass. campsite. downed wood from these areas. At A: Violations of the permit no time may standing trees be cut in conditions will result in prosecu- All vehicles at campsites Q: What trees can I cut? campgrounds or picnic areas. tion and revocation of the wood also require vehicle admis- Annual trail pass $20 A: Only slash from logging or Areas within 100’ of any shore- cutting permit. The minimum fine sion stickers. Daily trail pass $4 dead standing or downed wood may line are closed to wood harvesting. for violating the wood permit be harvested. Standing dead trees This preserves shoreline aesthetics conditions is $389.50 plus restitu- are defined as trees with bark com- and helps prevent erosion. tion. Take a walk through the Crystal Lake shoreland restoration project Mike Meyer, per month during the growing season. the restoration practices over the next 10 positive effect occurs on this site as well. WDNR Science Services, Rhinelander Outside of the fence, 6 plots received no years. On near-by restoration projects in It is expected that this project will Dan Haskell, Michigan irrigation or protection from deer brows- Vilas County, it has been found that yield rewards for wildlife, lakes, and vis- Technological University, Houghton ing. Native trees, shrubs and groundcov- small mammals such as deer mice carry itors to the lake country of northern Wis- er were then planted into 10 plots within much lower numbers of deer ticks, consin. Wisconsin DNR Science Services has the fence and 4 plots outside – the which can carry Lyme’s disease. Scien- Questions regarding the project can be partnered with Michigan Technological remaining plots were designated as “No- tists from Marshfield Clinic Research directed to Mike Meyer, Research Scien- University and WDNR Forestry to install Mow” allowing a natural return to native Foundation will visit the Crystal Lake tist, WDNR Rhinelander, 715-365-8858, a Shoreland Restoration Demonstration plants. Seven plots received native project in 2012 to assess whether this [email protected]. and Research Project on the west shore plantings from WDNR Wilson Tree of Crystal Lake in Vilas County. The Nursery (1534 trees, 606 shrubs) and project covers 1700’ of lake shore adja- seven plots received native plantings cent to the Crystal Lake Nature Center, from a local greenhouse and nursery and the public is invited to follow the which specializes in lakeshore restora- hiking trail through the project. Shore- tion (658 trees, 1460 shrubs, and 4318 land restoration is a new lake manage- wildflowers, grasses, vines, and ferns). ment practice designed to improve Over the next 10 years, scientist will wildlife habitat and reduce nutrient run- monitor the plots to determine which off on lakes with housing or recreational plant species survive and grow best, and development. This is accomplished by whether irrigation and protection from planting native trees, shrubs, wild flow- deer browsing improves survival and ers, ferns, grasses, and sedges as well as growth rates. In addition, “gravel-cul- controlling erosion with biodegradable ture” trees and shrubs have been planted materials. The Crystal Lake project is and will be monitored. Trees and shrubs designed to help establish the most cost- planted into gravel can be planted as effective methods for conducting this “bare-root” stock late into the summer, work in the Northern Highlands. and are much less expensive than is Work crews began prepping the Crys- planting potted trees and shrubs. The tal Lake project in 2010. Twenty two overall goal is to provide landowners in study plots have been established within the Northern Highlands practical, cost- Mike Meyers photograph the project, each 100 feet x 75 feet. An effective methods for restoring their lake The Crystal Lake shoreland restoration project before habitat improve- eight foot temporary fence was installed shore properties. ment. around 16 of the plots to prevent deer Finally, wildlife scientists will be browsing and an irrigation system was monitoring the wildlife habitat quality installed within the fence to guarantee all on the plots, and how birds, mammals, plants receive at least 2 inches of rainfall pollinators, and amphibians respond to

Mike Meyers photograph Mike Meyers photograph The Crystal Lake shoreland restoration project after habitat improve- Work crews began prepping the Crystal Lake project in 2010. ment. Page 14–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012 Reservable picnic shelter at the Crystal Lake beach area The Northern Highland American Legion State Forest has a shelter building at the beautiful Crystal Lake beach area that can The shelter at be reserved for large group picnics, family reunions, weddings, beautiful and other events. The facility may not be occupied before 8 a.m. Crystal Lake and must be vacated by 11 p.m. beach is Electricity is also available at this shelter. reservable for Reservations will be accepted beginning 11 months before the many events. rental date. To reserve the shelter, fill out and mail a shelter reservation form to the Crystal Lake Ranger Station, 10200 Hwy. N, Boulder Junction, WI 54534. Please note that all vehicles will need admission stickers.

Dramatic Changes CriticalState habitat fornatural rare species areas program to Wisconsin’s Landscape Ecological benchmark area Prior to European settlement, Wiscon- Significant geological or archaeologi- sin contained a mosaic of natural com- cal feature munities, ranging from prairies and oak Exceptional site for natural area savannas in the south, to pine forests and research and education boggy wetlands in the north. Site protection is accomplished by In all, more than 75 unique types of several means, including land acquisition natural communities made up Wiscon- from willing sellers, donations, conserva- sin’s landscape of the early 1800s. Over tion easements, and cooperative agree- the decades since intensive settlement ments. Sites on existing DNR-owned began, the quality and extent of those lands, such as State Parks and Wildlife communities have been extremely Areas, are established as SNAs through reduced by urbanization, agriculture, and the master planning process. Areas industry, and by the ecological impact of owned by other government agencies, fire suppression and the spread of exotic educational institutions, and private con- plant species. The last remaining vestiges servation organizations are brought into of our native landscape are called natural the natural area system by formal agree- areas. ments between the DNR and the We owe much to Wisconsin’s early landowner. conservationists of the 1930s, 40s, and The SNA Program owes much of its 50s -- including Aldo Leopold, botanists success to agreements with partners like Norman Fassett and Albert Fuller, and The Nature Conservancy, USDA Forest plant ecologist John Curtis -- who recog- Service, National Park Service, conserva- nized the importance of natural areas and tion organizations, and county govern- The year’s featured SNA – Plum Lake Hemlock Forest, Wisconsin’s 26th the consequences of their loss. ments. High priority sites on private land designated State Natural Area. Under their guidance, the State Board are acquired by purchase or through for the Preservation of Scientific Areas donation and help fill gaps in the natural ies or collect specimens on SNAs. Natu- and walk southeast into the site. To was created in 1951 as the first state- area system. ral areas are not appropriate for intensive access the eastern portion, from the south sponsored natural area protection pro- Once secured by purchase or agree- recreation such as camping or mountain junction of 155 and N in Sayner, go east gram in the nation. That first board ment, sites are formally “designated” as biking, but they can accommodate low- and north on N 4.8 miles, then southwest evolved into today’s State Natural Areas SNAs and become part of the natural impact activities such as hiking, bird on Tramper’s Trail (Hook Lake Road) 0.8 (SNA) Program. area system. Designation confers a sig- watching, and nature study. As such, miles to a parking area. nificant level of land protection through many SNAs contain few or no amenities Preserving our natural legacy state statutes, administrative rules, and such as parking areas, restrooms, or Description The SNA Program is located in the guidelines. A higher level of protection maintained trails. Plum Lake Hemlock Forest is a near Department of Natural Resources’ is afforded by legal “dedication” of virgin stand of old-growth on rolling Bureau of Endangered Resources and SNAs through Articles of Dedication, a Now and the future topography between Star Lake and Plum advised by the Natural Areas Preserva- special kind of perpetual conservation Since human evolution over time was Lake. Canopy trees include hemlock, tion Council, an 11-member group of sci- easement. largely in a natural world, our future may yellow birch, sugar maple, basswood, entists and conservationists. Laws establishing the State Natural well depend on the preservation of bio- and paper birch. The presence of large By 2002, its 50th Anniversary year, Areas Program are found in Wisconsin logical diversity such as that protected in white birch suggests a fire origin with the SNA Program had grown to nearly Statutes Chapters 23.27, 23.28, and SNAs. the stand originating around 1810 and 400 sites encompassing more than 23.29. Rules governing the use of SNAs Protected natural communities and succeeding from aspen to pine to hem- 150,000 acres of land and water. SNAs are found in Wisconsin Administrative their thousands of plant and animal lock. Selective cutting of white pine, as are found in 70 of Wisconsin’s 72 coun- Code, Chapter NR 45. species are irreplaceable genetic reser- evidenced by scattered stumps, occurred ties and range in size from less than one voirs of potential benefit to humans and in the 1880’s. Seedlings of birch and red acre to more than 7,700 acres. SNA management and use are important in their own right. SNAs maple are present, but hemlock repro- SNAs protect outstanding examples of Rules governing the general manage- are vital to scientific research because duction is sparse due to overbrowsing native natural communities, significant ment and use of State Natural Areas are they provide some of the best examples by deer, which often use the area as a geological formations, and archaeologi- outlined in Wisconsin Administrative of natural processes acting over time with winter deer yard. The forest contains cal sites. They harbor natural features Code, Chapter NR 1.32. Land steward- minimal human interference. They are substantial numbers of snags and course essentially unaltered by human-caused ship is guided by principles of “ecosys- valuable benchmarks against which we woody debris strewn about the forest disturbances or that have substantially tem management”. For some SNAs, the can judge the impact of our society on floor. Shrubs, though not dense, include recovered from disturbance over time. best management prescription is to “let Wisconsin’s natural landscape. mountain maple, American fly honey- SNAs also provide the last refuges in nature take its course” and allow natural suckle, and red elderberry. The under- Wisconsin for rare plants and animals. In processes, and their subsequent effects, story includes a diversity of herbaceous fact, more than 90% of the plants and to proceed without constraint. species including Canada mayflower, 75% of the animals on Wisconsin’s list of However, some processes, such as the The year’s featured shining club-moss, creeping-snowberry, endangered and threatened species are encroachment of woody vegetation and SNA – Plum Lake bunchberry, American starflower, pip- protected on SNAs. the spread of invasive and exotic plant sissewa, lesser rattlesnake-plantain, and species, threaten the biological integrity Hemlock Forest, Indian-pipe. Nesting birds include red- SNA establishment and protection of many SNAs. These sites require Wisconsin’s 26th eyed vireo, black-throated green war- The process to establish a SNA begins hands-on management and, in some bler, blackburnian warberl, northern with the evaluation of a site identified cases, the reintroduction of natural func- designated State parula, winter wren, ovenbird, hermit through field inventories conducted by tions -- such as prairie fire -- that are thrush, and veery. Rare birds include DNR ecologists. Assessments take into essentially absent from the landscape. Natural Area Swainson’s thrush (Catharus ustulatus), account a site’s overall quality and diver- Public use of SNAs is channeled in Access and black-throated blue warbler (Den- sity, extent of past disturbance, long-term two directions: scientific research and From the north junction of State High- droica caerulescens). Plum Lake Hem- viability, context within the greater land- compatible recreation. Natural areas way 155 and County Highway N in lock Forest is owned by the DNR and scape, and rarity of features on local and serve as excellent outdoor laboratories Sayner, go west on N 2.1 miles, then was designated a State Natural Area in global scales. Sites are considered for for environmental education and formal north 4.2 miles on Razorback Road, then 1953. potential SNA designation in one or more research on natural communities and east 1 mile on Rearing Pond Road, then Please note that a permit is required of the following categories: their component species. A permit issued south at the T intersection 0.5 mile to the for scientific collection and research on Outstanding natural community by the DNR is required to conduct stud- western boundary. Park along the road State Natural Areas. NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 15

In January Governor ScottVan Walker VlietBig Lake campground Hemlocks a few miles and area - 2012 Purchase approved the purchase of the Van Vliet has an existing network of trails through Hemlocks area for the NHAL State For- the beautiful hemlock forest. When the est. The area has been owned by the sale is finalized the state forest will work Board of Commisioners of Public Trust with the Friends of the Van Vliet Hem- Land since before Wisconsin was a state. locks to manage and maintain those trails The 432 acre parcel is located north of for public enjoyment.

Jill Wilm photograph Pristine bog lakes provide a purifying habitat for countless living species.

Jill Wilm photograph Miles and miles of unspoiled shoreline can be found in the Van Vliet Hemlocks.

If you are a camper from outside of Wisconsin, please do not bring firewood with you. It will be confiscated and if the wood is from a quarantined area, you could be violating a federal law that forbids moving wood of any kind out of your state or county of residence. Be aware, if you transport firewood from Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, or lower Michigan, you can be liable for federal fines up to $1,000.00.

If you are a camper from Wisconsin, please only use firewood from a Wisconsin source within 25 miles of where you will use it. Ideally, purchase firewood from within the campground where you are staying, as that wood is often cut on site and sold by groups who reinvest earnings in the same park. If you purchase your firewood outside of the park but within Wisconsin, near the campground you are visiting, please have a receipt Jill Wilm photograph ready to show proof of that purchase. A developed trail system takes hikers through a variety of ecosystems.

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must have a permit prior to setting up camp. To obtain a free camping permit, Page 16–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012 NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 17 complete a special camping permit application. Permits are issued at the Trout Lake Forestry Headquarters, and Your guide to campinat gth eo Cnlea rt hande CNrysotalr Ltahkee Rranger Stations. Camping is limited to 14 HThieg NhHlAaLn pdro vAidesm a evrariiectya onf Lnigehgts iaondn no Smtorae tthean F6 oindriveidsutal s modern, rustic, and primitive camping or one family. You must move your opportunities. Some campgrounds offer camp every night. Backpackers should special facilities, for disabled campers. have an idea where they like to camp Firefly and Crystal each have one before applying for a permit. Camping accessible site with electricity, Clear, is not allowed within sight of any trail Crystal, Musky and Firefly have acces- or body of water. Campsites must be at sible sites and shower facilities. least one half mile from your vehicle. Modern family campgrounds Practice leave no trace – low impact NHAL has four modern family camping. campgrounds, Crystal Lake, Big Musky, Firefly, and Clear Lake, with a total of 352 sites. These campgrounds have paved roadways, flush toilets, and showers, but not electrical hook-ups. Generators are allowed by permit dur- ing certain hours of the day. There are Registration also hand-pumped water and pit toilets Campers at Crystal, Muskie, Firefly, throughout these campgrounds. Clear Plum and South Trout campgrounds Lake and Crystal Lake have dump sta- register at the Crystal Lake Ranger Sta- tions. These sites may be occupied up to tion. Campers at Indian Mounds, Car- R14u sntiigch tfsa pmeirl yvi sciat.mpgrounds rol and Clear Campgrounds register at Many people have come to associate the Clear Lake Ranger Station. At the traditional rustic style campgrounds other family campgrounds, from mid- with the NHAL. Of special attraction is May through September, set up your their small, quieter nature. Typically, camp and the resident manager will reg- these campgrounds range from about 20 ister you on his/her daily rounds. At to 70 campsites, usually having a wider these other family campgrounds, all spacing than modern campgrounds. off-season campers are required to self- They have only minimal facilities: register prior to setting up camp at the hand-pumped water, pit toilets, and no campground entrance. electricity. Many campers feel offering Campsite reservations this traditional style of camping is a A selection of sites on the NHAL are special niche for the state forests. available for reservations from May 1st NHAL has 14 rustic campgrounds total- to September 30th, and even more from ing 513 campsites. These sites may be May 1st to Labor Day. In the off-sea- occupied up to 14 nights per visit. Our son, all open sites are first come first rustic family campgrounds are: Big serve. Campers are able to make reser- Lake, Buffalo Lake, Carrol Lake, vations from 2 days up to 11 months in Cunard Lake, Indian Mounds, Plum advance for the following camp- Lake, Razorback Lake, Sandy Beach grounds: Crystal, Muskie, Firefly, Lake, East Star Lake, West Star Lake, Clear, Indian Mounds, Musky Group, Jag Group, and Allequash, Day, Nebish GStraorrueptt cLaamkep, gNrooruthn Tdrsout Lake, South Trout Lake, and Upper Gresham Lake. and Clear Lake, and the Bittersweet There are 2 group campgrounds on Wild Lakes Area Remote Reservable the NHAL, and there is space for up to sites. Reservations are made by calling 80 campers at each location. These Reserve America at 888-947-2757, or campgrounds, at Jag Lake and North by using the Internet web site at Muskellunge Lake, are equipped with Fwiwreww.woiopdarks.net. pit toilets and hand-pumped water. Firewood is sold at the following Group campgrounds provide an impor- campgrounds: Crystal, Clear, Buffalo, tant camping opportunity for large North Trout, Sandy Beach, Big Lake, groups such as boy/girl scouts or church Upper Gresham, Starrett, Razorback, groups to have a rustic camping experi- and West Star. Firewood is also able ence while not affecting other campers. from private vendors in the area. Jag Lake is a TENTS ONLY group Trailer dump station camp. These sites may be occupied up Trailer dump stations are located at Ptor ismevietniv nei gchatms peirn vgisit. Clear Lake, Crystal/Muskie, and North Primitive campsites generally are Trout campgrounds. The dump stations widely dispersed and have a minimal are for holding tanks and a fresh water clearing and a primitive soil surface. fill-up tower is available. Campers may Primitive campsites are limited to a tent not drain dish waste water or sewage clearing, fire ring, box latrine, and a onto the ground. picnic table. Currently we have two Lost and found types of primitive campsites: A lost and found service is main- Canoe campsites: There are cur- tained at the Crystal and Clear ranger rently 74 primitive remote canoe camp- stations. Found items may be turned in sites located on more than 20 lakes and lost items reported at the ranger sta- across the NHAL’s lakes and rivers. tions. Please help us return items to These sites are accessible only by their rightful owners. water, stays are limited to one night, Garbage pickup and recycling and they can not be reserved. Dumpsters and recycling stations are Remote-reservable campsites: The located in each campground. Please NHAL has 17 remote-reservable primi- cooperate by taking garbage to the tive campsites. They are on Allequash, dumpster and recycling station. Please Day, Nebish, Clear Lakes, and in the leave your campsite cleaner than it was Bittersweet Wild Lakes Area. They are before you arrived. Be concerned accessible only by water. These sites enough to pick up after careless visi- may be occupied up to 14 nights per tors. Never burn garbage in your camp- visit. fire ring. Backcountry camping permits for backcountry camping are available. You Page 18–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012 Marsh blossoms Fiddlehead ferns

Jill Wilm photograph Jill Wilm photograph Nature provides vibrant spring colors. Fiddleheads are the furled fronds of a young fern.

Maps

availableMaps of the Northern Highland American Legion State Forest, the Willow Flowage Scenic Waters area, and the NHAL Canoe Route map are available at Ranger Stations.

NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 19

Forests are dynamic. They change What is oldland’s growth? forests are older than 170 years in two ways. One way is to continue the through time. Forests change in tree and only 3% are older than 120 years. traditional Big Tree Silviculture practice species composition and they change in People have always expressed a of managing individual trees and groves structure. At age 80 an aspen or white Ron desire to allow a portion of the Northern of old white pine, red pine, red oak, and birch stand is old while at the same age Highland State Forest to grow back into eastern hemlocks to a very old age. The a white pine or eastern hemlock stand is Eckstein, big old trees. Since 1972, a forest man- second way is to manage the 90-year old young. Forests composed of trees with agement system called Big Tree Silvi- upland pine, mixed hardwood, and hem- relatively short life spans such as aspen Retired culture has been used to allow individ- lock hardwood to develop old growth and white birch are usually not managed Wildlife ual trees and groves of white pine, red characteristics. for old growth. Instead, upland forest pine, red oak, eastern hemlock, and The best examples of existing old stands composed of long-lived trees Biologist sugar maple to grow to a very old age. growth are protected in the State Natural such as white pine, red pine, eastern That is why visitors see large pines and Areas, Passive Management Areas, and hemlock, yellow birch, red oak, and occurs when forests reach about 140 oaks scattered throughout the sugar maple are considered for old years old. Some of the mature canopy forest. Since growth management. trees begin to die and their death allows 2006, a system Between 1880 and 1930 most of the sunlight to reach the forest floor. The forests of northern Wisconsin were sunlight encourages the growth of new clearcut and burned. These clearcut and seedlings and saplings and the stand is burned forests began a natural sequence in transition to old growth. The last of growth and development. Forest stage begins at about 160 years old and ecologists recognize four stages of lasts another 100 to 150 years. This development as forests of pines and final stage is called “old multi-aged” hardwoods recover. and is better known as old growth. The first stage is called stand initia- So, what is old growth? It certainly is of Managed Old Growth has been used Recreation Management Areas. Those tion and occurs over a 5 to 10 year peri- old trees but it is much more than old in selected areas. Foresters use this sys- forest stands managed for old growth od as seedlings and saplings are estab- trees. Old growth forests are complex tem to actively manage areas of several characteristics are found in Native Com- lished. The next stage is competition and have the following characteristics: hundred to several thousand acres in munity Areas scattered across the North- between saplings and small trees that Large, very old live trees size with the goal of developing old ern Highland. starts at about age 10 and lasts another Large, very old dead trees growth characteristics. The idea is to People can access the DNR Forestry 80 to 140 years. During this stage, indi- Large, old trees fallen to the forest thin the relatively young 90-year old web site (dnr.wi.gov/master- vidual trees compete with each other floor forest to allow the remaining trees to planning/nhal/) for more information on and a dense young stand is transformed Gaps in the forest canopy with young grow larger and older. the management and location of old into an older stand with fewer trees. The trees in the understory In summary, the current management growth on the Northern Highland- third stage of forest stand development Today, only 1% of the Northern High- system calls for addressing old growth American Legion State Forest.

Earthworms are not native Boreal bird surveys to Wisconsin’s Forests Wisconsin’s native earthworms were begins a cycle of non-native invasions in the north destroyed during our last ice age, and the competing for critical resources that can By Nick Anich forests of Wisconsin as we know them create detrimental monoculture condi- Research Scientist, Wildlife and evolved without earthworms. The gla- tions. Forestry Research Section, WDNR cier scoured the land down to bedrock, So while earthworms are notorious forcing all life forms to move south and, disturbers of soil and disturbance creates Researchers will be out and about since earthworms did not repopulate healthy conditions for farms and gar- conducting bird surveys in lowland once removed. Our native ecosystems dens, the opposite is true for forests. conifers this and next spring on sever- depend upon the slow break down of Additionally, earthworms have vora- al properties across Northern Wiscon- organic matter to gradually release nutri- cious appetites. On one acre of land, sin, among them being the NHAL, ents back into the soil for uptake by earthworms can turn over five tons of Pine-Popple Wild Rivers, Iron County Photo courtesy WIDNR native plants. Healthy, undisturbed organic matter a year, so imagine what Forest, Oneida County Forest, and forests are dynamic ecosystems they can do in a forest! Once a forest several area State Natural and Wild changes in population. They also hope anchored in a very complex soil struc- becomes heavily infested with earth- areas. to be able to learn things about their ture that teems with macro and micro- worms they consume most of the leaf lit- It is a very broad survey with the habitat preferences that should provide scopic life. The key to a healthy forest ter in one season so that by summer’s target species being Spruce Grouse, management recommendations for resides in a fungal-based soil that slowly end the forest floor is depleted and the Black-backed Woodpecker, Gray Jay, foresters and Wildlife Managers. decomposes its organic matter. A healthy soil is exposed to weathering, com- and Boreal Chickadee. Researchers Researchers need to assess the rari- layer of leaf litter, also known as “duff” paction, and erosion. will be doing silent point counts and ty of these species and the amount of in a northern forest is woven together So the next time you encounter an also broadcasting bird calls to attract surveying required for adequate moni- with threads of fungi that bind the litter earthworm remember they are pioneers these species. They hope to estimate toring of their populations. The Wis- to the soil. in the colonization and preparation of occupancy and abundance, and hope- consin Bird Conservation Initiative To explain, the leaf litter on a forest the land, pre-dating the introduction of fully extrapolate population size esti- and Midwest Coordinated Bird Moni- floor is comparable to the skin on an ani- fungi, land plants, insects (400 to 500 mates for these uncommon to rare toring Partnership are interested in mal. It retains moisture, protects the million years), dinosaurs, mammals conifer-loving birds. These estimates developing future monitoring projects organs (roots), breathes, prevents ero- (200 million years), and hominids (4 are important because they currently for boreal birds and these surveys sion, deters pathogens (non-native million years). Earthworms are ubiqui- lack baseline data on population size should help them focus their surveys plants), and promotes seed germination. tous in all but the driest regions of the for these species, which leaves them in these areas. This project was fund- This nutrient balance has evolved in a world and like many of the world’s most unable to detect any climate-driven ed through a State Wildlife Grant. stable system between the vegetation widespread species—such as pigeons, above ground and below the leaf litter. rats and cockroaches – earthworms When the system loses its leaf litter it is thrive under human dominated condi- like puncturing your skin and the nutri- tions, and are found wherever European ents quickly bleed into the soil. This dis- settlers spread. That said, while there is The CrystalNature Lake Nature Center Center is July schedule 10 and 24 at the Clear Lake turbance soon exposes the soil, causing no way to truly avoid the earthworms staffed by campground hosts from 10 Ranger Station erosion, compaction, and increasing we are all familiar with we can slow a.m. to 4 p.m. daily. There is no natural- rainwater run-off which would normally there spread into the forest - and you can ist on staff this summer however occa- Thursday evenings keep the soil moist. Thus this disturbed help! Don’t release live bait on land or sional programs will be offered. Here’s Smelt Research Project weekly soil makes the forest vulnerable to non- in the water. Keep your compost con- a sampling of programs that are planned: updates – Zach Lawson native, invasive plant species. Together tained near native landscapes. Wash the disturbed soil and invasive plants your shoes and tire treads, don’t spread Saturday evenings soon cause a decrease in the diversity of worm eggs. Spread the Word: CON- June 23 – Let’s go Birding plant/animal relationships which in turn TAIN YOUR CRAWLERS! Keep July 7 – Birds of Prey Worms out of Wisconsin’s July 21 – Who Walked Here? Woods! TBA – Fire Building, Camp Skills For more information TBA – Wisconsin Loons go to: dnr.gov search inva- sives or contact Bernie July Tuesdays - Meet Steve Petersen Williams and Melissa Baker bernadette.williams@wis- July 3, 17, 31 at Crystal Nature Cen- consin.gov. ter Page 20–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

Visit the North Lakeland Discovery Center The North Lakeland Discovery Cen- and an array of youth and family eco- and community. The diverse, undevel- their own unique plants and animals. ter (NLDC), in Manitowish Waters, is a learning and wildlife-based activities. oped land surrounding the site provides Our trails are OPEN TO EVERYONE place where people can come to connect Drop-in opportunities include canoeing for unparalleled teaching and learning from dawn to dusk - your donations help to the natural world. Our location within and kayaking on 25-acre Statehouse opportunities and feature lake, river, to keep the system well-maintained and the Northern Highland American Legion Lake, visiting the Nature Nook class- mixed forest and bog environments ideal safe. State Forest is beautifully remote, sur- room paired with Saturday activities, for a Northwoods family adventure. Experience the Northwoods’ beautiful rounded by water and forests, and yet geocaching, fishing, walking along our Enjoy the Discovery Center year natural settings and friendly hospitality accessible to visitors. Whether you have 16-station interpretive trail, and much round through activities like hiking, bik- in Manitowish Waters - an official Wis- vast experience in the outdoors or are more. ing, skiing, snowshoeing and wildlife consin Bird City – come explore! For new to exploring, we have a program or The North Lakeland Discovery Cen- watching along our 12-mile trail system. more information call the Discov- drop-in activity for your interests and ter is a nature-based education and com- The terrain is gentle and winds through eryCenter at 715-543-2085. The Dis- skill levels. munity center with a mission to natural- the woods, along the lake, bog and near- covery Center is located on CTH W just Enjoy scheduled programs including ly inspire and enrich lives through mean- by Manitowish River allowing you to 1.2 miles north of USH 51. Visit us weekly nature hikes, themed canoe trips, ingful connections with nature, people explore a variety of habitats each with today.

The Northern Highlandthat fishery today’s angler is no moreresearch successful at N oarea fish can be kept from 9-12 inches; catching walleyes than anglers of the Bag limit of 5/day 1940s! And that’s despite the advent of Other species: depth finders, underwater cameras, No length or bag limit trolling motors and a variety of new lures Pallette Lake and techniques. Smallmouth bass: This remote fishery research station is 22-inch minimum length limit; nestled in the 232,000 acre Northern bag of 1/day Highland State Forest of Vilas County, Lake trout: No fishing allowed 3.5 miles from paved roads. The station is Other species: powered entirely by a solar panel electri- No length or bag limit cal system and back-up AC generators. There is no closed season for any Spruce Lake species except that lake trout fishing on Only artificial bait allowed Pallette Lake is not allowed, as noted Largemouth bass: below. Current fishing regulations are as 12-inch minimum length limit; follows: bag of 2/day Other species: Escanaba Lake No length or bag limit The Northern Highland Fishery Along with fishery data, water tempera- Walleye: Research Area contains one of the largest ture and weather data are collected year- 28-inch minimum length limit and Mystery Lake: fishery data bases in the world, obtained round, making up one of the largest fish- daily bag of one All species: from five lakes: Escanaba, Pallette, ery data bases in the world. Fishery pro- Species other than walleye: No length or bag limit Nebish, Spruce, and Mystery. All lakes are fessionals from all over the world request No length or bag limit managed by the DNR, using and evaluat- data from this unique research station. The research station on Escanaba Lake ing different strategies. Wisconsin is the only state in the union Nebish Lake is open from 4 a.m. to 8-10 p.m. during These five lakes have been managed as with a continuous research program of this No fish are allowed for bait openwater season, and from 4 a.m. to 6-8 experimental waters since 1946. Every type. When most states have research Smallmouth bass: p.m. during ice-fishing. fish taken by anglers over the years has projects that last several years, why does been counted and measured in this longest Wisconsin collect such long term data? continuous record of angler harvest in the The striking advantage is that biologists world. Research on these lakes has includ- can discover trends and relationships in ed stocking everything from walleye to long-term data that wouldn’t show up dur- coho salmon; size limits on smallmouth ing a study period of several years. And bass, northern pike and largemouth bass; because the lakes are typical of northeast- cisco biology; smallmouth bass nesting ern Wisconsin lakes, results will continue success; chemical treatment of small lakes to provide fishery biologists with valuable with unbalanced fish populations; fish baseline information. Knowing how and feeding habits; factors affecting walleye why fish populations change leads to bet- fishing success and reproduction; and test- ter management. For example, long-term ing and validating creel survey methods. monitoring of angler catch rates shows

Contributed photograph Greg Sass giving a presentation at the Wisconsin Lakes Convention meeting this April. In addition to long-term ongoing studies of fisheries population dynamics on the NHFRA lakes as well as the walleye exploitation study, Dr. Greg Sass and collaborator’s from Michigan State University were funded to reevaluate Ceded Territory walleye management policies. Greg is coordinating a grant with UW to evalu- ate the factors controlling abundance and distribution of walleye and black bass across northern Wisconsin lakes. Greg is also working on a book entitled, “Foundations of Fisheries Science” with Professor Mike Contributed photograph Allen from the University of Florida. The book will be published by the From last fall electroshocking young of year walleye with Gary American Fisheries Society. Kubenik and Matt Lorenzoni. NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 21

Over theSummer years many of the Wiscon-RangersMissouri as a from Conservation yearsAgent. In ing past: Director for Where the Bureau of Lawarehere they the summers now? of 1989 to 1992. sin DNR Wardens got their start in con- 1987 he came back to Wisconsin to be a Enforcement. Now he is the Warden stationed in St. servation law enforcement here at the Warden. He is currently a special Matt Meade worked here 2002-2004 Germain. NHAL State Forest. Here’s a list of a investigator with the Special Operations and was hired as a Warden in 2005. He Dave Zebro worked here the summer few of them and where they are now: unit in the Bureau of Law Enforcement. is stationed in Crivitz, Marinette Coun- of 1992 and is the Regional Warden for Pat Novesky worked here in 1992 Tim Ebert was here on the NHAL the ty now. the DNR’s Northern Region now. and 1993. He became a deputy sheriff summers of 2002, 2003, and 2004. He Joe Paul worked as a Ranger on the Jeremy Peery was a summer Ranger and police office and following that was a Warden in northeast Wisconsin state forest in 2003 and 2004 along with here in 1998. In 1999 he became a War- became a Warden in 1999. He is now a before returning to this area in 2007. Tim Ebert and Matt Meade. Now he’s den and after a stint in Ladysmith he is stationed nearby in Three Lakes. He is married to Roxie Ebert, who the Warden in Lakewood, Oconto now a Warden Supervisor in Eau Claire. Joseph Jerich worked here in 1990 worked here in 2007-2009 in the camp- County. Roy Kubisiak worked here the sum- and is now a Warden Supervisor in grounds and Ranger stations and now Nick Webster worked in the Crystal mers of 1986 to 1988. The next January southeast Wisconsin. has a fulltime job with the Forest Serv- Lake Ranger Station the summer of he was hired as a Warden and was sta- Steve Daye worked here on the forest ice in Park Falls. 2005. He was hired as a Warden in tioned in Kenosha, Burlington, and and for the local wardens the summer of Darrell Waldera was a summer 2006 and is stationed in Lafayette Stevens Point. Since 2001 he has been 1983 and then the summer and fall of Ranger here 1981-83 before becoming a County now. the Tactical Training Officer for the 1984. After that he went to work for Warden in 1984. He is now the Train- Michael Sealander was a Ranger Bureau of Law Enforcement.

Logging and early forestryMusky campsitesCampground and two sets of toilet buildings. timberneed to be thinned, sale just like informationvegetables in Trees marked within the campgrounds Between 1896 and 1910, this area was The forest was thinned and trees were your garden. This allows them to grow are primarily hazard trees or those that heavily logged. Two known logging pruned to “reduce the feeling of isola- large and healthy. Stress from over- are a detriment to the overall health of the camps existed; one between Crystal and tion” crowding makes trees susceptible to remaining trees. A variety of tree species Musky, and one about two miles west on attacks by insects and disease which will be maintained to provide a splash of the south shore of Little John Lake. The Managing for tree health could destroy the entire plantation. A color during the fall season. Land, Log & Lumber Company sold this and forest products healthy, vigorous growing forest is property to the State of Wisconsin in Today much of the forest has the best defense against Why the different paint colors? 1911 for $4.25 per acre, and few trees reached a point where the trees droughts, insects and disease. Orange indicates a tree to be removed were left on the site. are losing their vigor due to age The trees that are harvested and is most common color you will see. The first state tree nursery was estab- or lack of growing space. Aspen become the paper and lumber Red is the color which is used to indi- lished at Trout Lake in 1911. In 1914, fif- and white birch, two short- products each of us use in our cate the boundary of the harvested area. teen acres of land between Crystal and lived tree species found in daily lives. If you walk north of the Muskellunge Musky were planted to pine. In the mid the Crystal/Musky Camp- The timber sale established campground, you will notice a red paint 1920’s, a 200-acre block was planted on ground area, have reached maturity and in 2011 was begun this last winter. The line in an east to west direction. the east side of Crystal Lake and into have begun to decline.-- In addition, 190 acre management area includes the Blue paint shows where private land Muskellunge Lake Peninsula. In 1925, some of these mature trees may become entrance red pine area, the campground begins and borders the sale area. the Northern Highland was designated as hazardous to forest visitors. Hazard trees east of Musky Lake and a surrounding the first state forest. are easily identifiable by such character- forest to the north of the campground. In the Future istics as dead and dying tops and or During the winter harvest, 1150 cords of You now know the how and why there History of recreation in the area mushrooms or fungi growing on their wood were cut. The whole sale was esti- is tree paint in the Crystal/Musky Camp- Through the 1940’s, informal camping trunk. Fungi often indicates rotten wood mated to remove 1900 cords at a value of grounds. You have also learned a little bit sites were located at the abandoned log- underneath which can make them suscep- $147,100.00. There are still trees in the about the history and management of the ging camps. The state began improving tible to breakage from the wind. Others, campground area with orange paint. surrounding forest. The story of a single the sites with the installation of water although they may appear healthy, have These will be removed next winter. generation of the forest is long, some- pumps, latrines, and garbage pits. Begin- been severely wounded by careless times 50 to 60 years and sometimes many ning in 1949, the public was charged 50 campers. For example, birch trees with Other resource concerns hundreds of years. The management and cents per night to camp, but only after peeled bark, pines full of nails or axe As you know, the forest is not man- renewal of the forest is an enormous job. two weeks of camping for free. By 1955, marks. aged just for timber. Every time trees are We now have been managing this forest approximately 950 campers stayed at The pines have also begun to lose harvested, the effects on recreation, fish, for 90 years and have restored it to a pro- Crystal/Musky Campground, each stay- vigor as evidenced by their thinning wildlife, and aesthetics are considered. ductive, beautiful and healthy ecosystem. ing approximately two weeks in length. crowns and smaller diameters. In addi- Some areas receive extra special consid- If we do not continue this management, In 1958, the Eagle Scout Forestry Camp tion, some areas have begun to experi- eration such as the area around the forest will slowly lose vigor and helped state employees develop the pic- ence insect and disease problems result- Crystal/Musky Campground. The pri- begin to decline. Through forest manage- nic area and enlarge the trailer camp. Two ing in pockets of mortality. However mary purpose of forest management in ment we can pass on a beautiful, healthy new wells and ten toilets were construct- unlike the aspen and birch, these prob- these areas is to maintain and enhance the and diverse forest to future generations ed. Campers were now charged a daily lems are not the result of trees reaching natural quality of the campground while who choose to live in or visit the North- camping fee. In 1960, Muskellunge Lake maturity, but rather there are too many continuing to provide a safe environment ern Highland-American Legion State Campground was completed with 62 trees growing within a limited area. Trees for a variety of recreational pursuits. Forest. Students get hands-on experience

Contributed photograph 40 students from two of Merrill’s Washington School fifth grade classes helped plant 70 red pine seedlings on the Merrill Memorial Forest on May 9, 2012, as part of their Polar Bears International educational component. Students learned in the classroom about the benefits of trees and their value for offsetting carbon emissions, then experienced hands-on tree planting for themselves. This wildlife area received almost total devasta- tion from a summer 2011 windstorm. The Merrill Parks and Recreation Director coordinated the planting project.

Page 22–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

State forests are special areas that Camping Rules and regulationsa motor vehicle is operated within a des- not move the fire rings. Build a campfire, have been established to protect our All campers must obtain a camping ignated public use fee area and it must be not a bonfire. natural heritage. We all are given the permit to secure a campsite. All camping fully attached to the windshield by its responsibility to protect these great permits expire at 3 p.m. on the last day of own adhesive. Fireworks places. Listed below are some guide- the permit; the camping unit and all You can not possess or discharge fire- lines for you to follow to enjoy your equipment must be removed by 3 p.m. Trail passes works. Rule of thumb: anything that visit and to comply with common rules Camping is allowed in designated areas Are required for biking and skiing on makes a noise, throws sparks, or lifts off and regulations. These rules are for only and only one family or individual designated trails for people 16 years and the ground cannot be used. you, your friends and family’s safety group of six people is allowed to occupy older. and enjoyment. Feel free to report any each campsite. Only registered campers Boats activity that is illegal or that you feel are allowed in the campground after 11 Pets No person may operate a boat within jeopardizes someone’s safety. Law p.m., which is also the start of quiet Must be on a leash no longer than a water area marked by buoys or other enforcement rangers routinely patrol hours. Please set up your camping unit eight feet and under control at all times. approved regulatory devices as a swim- the state forest. For more information on the designated camping pad and park Please clean up after your pet. Pets are ming beach; or operate a boat in a please ask a Ranger or stop and ask all wheeled vehicles on the campsite not allowed in buildings, picnic areas, restricted use area contrary to regulatory staff at the Crystal and Clear Lake drive. beaches, or on nature trails or groomed notice marked on buoys or other Ranger Stations. Information is also ski trails. Pets can not be left unattend- approved regulatory devices. found on the Wisconsin Department of Firewood ed; please do not leave your pet in a Natural Resources website at Movement of firewood is restricted, vehicle. Beaches www.dnr.wi.gov. both from out-of-state and in-state No person may possess or consume sources. Please ask us about current fire- Fires any food or beverage, or use any soap, Vehicles/drivers wood restrictions as we are working very Are allowed in designated fire rings detergent or shampoo on any swimming Please, always be aware and obser- hard to restrict the movement of a and grills for grilling food. Fires can not beach or in the water adjacent to any vant while driving; follow speed limits, destructive invasive species, the Emerald be left unattended and must be fully swimming beach. No person may fish in one-way roads, obey stop signs, and all Ash Borer. extinguished before leaving. Never burn any marked swimming beach. other traffic signs. We have a large garbage – it is illegal and releases pollu- Thank you, amount of children, pets, bicycles, and Vehicle admission sticker tants. Campfires should be completely Your State Forest Law Enforcement people recreating in the area. An admission sticker is required when contained within the fire ring. Please do Rangers

Smelt history UW-Madison researchers are mixing Crystal Lake Rainbow smelt are an invasive species that originated in the Atlantic Ocean. These fish were first observed in the Great Lakes in 1912 and have since spread to many other areas including several north- ern Wisconsin lakes. These small, vora- cious fish are capable of extraordinary ecological and economic damage once they invade a lake by collapsing native fisheries. Rainbow smelt compete with native fishes for food as well as prey on juvenile walleye and yellow perch. Rain- bow smelt can cause a loss of natural Contributed photograph reproduction and an eventual decline of Contributed photograph Expected weight loss of smelt GELIs cycle within the exclosure and warm Crystal Lake water temper- shown as water temperatures these native fish populations in invaded atures. lakes without management intervention. increase.

A novel method for removal adults exist in the lake after the fall of Currently, the only proven method for 2013. removing rainbow smelt from a lake is to This study will provide scientists an poison the entire lake. However, poisons opportunity to more fully understand the are not selective and kill the entire fish physical dynamics of water mixing and community instead of only the invasive also a unique chance to understand the fish. This approach is not appropriate in thermal limits of rainbow smelt. If suc- many cases. Consequently, there is a need cessful, this method could be used as a for additional management strategies to tool by lake managers to remove rainbow deal with rainbow smelt populations once smelt without damaging the native fish they invade lakes. community through the use of poisons. The University of Wisconsin-Madison Furthermore, eliminating this invasive Center for Limnology will be conducting species could reduce costly annual a whole-lake manipulation experiment restocking efforts of game fish popula- during the summers of 2012 and 2013 to tions in smelt-invaded lakes. test an innovative management technique Contributed photograph for removing an entire population of rain- Manipulation status The air distribution buoy controls airflow to GELIs causing them to rise bow smelt. Crystal Lake has been chosen Through the course of the 2011 field through the water. as a test lake for this project because of the season, the mixing system was successful- risk of rainbow smelt spreading (nearby ly designed, constructed, and deployed Research activities ical community (fish, insect larvae, zoo- Big Musky, Allequash and Trout Lake can into Crystal Lake. The mixing system con- on Crystal Lake plankton, aquatic plants, and algae). These be easily connected during high water sists of a compressor shed on shore, a “no- Crystal Lake Mixing researchers will be scientific measurements are crucial for years), and a long history of scientific entry” exclosure, the air delivery buoy on the lake everyday throughout the sum- understanding the ecological effects of our observations that make the lake ideal for (center of exclosure), and GELIs radially mer performing a variety of routine mainte- manipulation on Crystal Lake. documenting change. deployed around the air delivery buoy. nance and scientific sampling procedures. During the summer, adult rainbow After the installation, we tested and fine- Although this mixing system is automated, Additional information smelt live in cold water near the bottom of tuned air delivery to the GELIs resulting it does require routine maintenance and Researchers will be on the lake Crystal Lake. UW scientists developed a in an autonomous mixing system. After a monitoring. Continuous cycling (over 450 throughout the year, and welcome your device known as a Gradual Entrainment few weeks of use, the GELIs successfully GELI cycles per day) requires mixing hard- questions, comments, and concerns. Any- Lake Inverter (GELI) that pushes warm induced an early fall mix in Crystal Lake. ware and equipment to be checked, tight- one interested in learning more about the water to the bottom of the lake and brings Following our success in Fall 2011, we ened, and sometimes replaced. Occasional- project can visit our website (crystal- cold bottom water up to the surface to be re-installed the mixing system shortly ly large equipment such as GELIs, buoys, lakemixing.com) for additional informa- warmed by the sun. This process will after ice-out, and eased into mixing Crys- and anchors will be brought to shore and tion, real-time data from the instrumented eliminate the cold waters which rainbow tal Lake for the 2012 season. Results were removed for maintenance. buoy, and an educational video. We smelt need to survive and should gradual- observed immediately as GELIs warmed Researchers will also be seen on the encourage everyone to attend our weekly ly push rainbow smelt beyond their ther- bottom waters. If the mixing rates contin- lake monitoring the ecological effects of presentations; Thursday nights at 6:00 mal tolerance, eliminating the entire adult ue as observed this spring, the water tem- the mixing system. The instrumented buoy p.m. in the Crystal Lake Nature Center. population over the course of the first peratures in Crystal Lake will become too records meteorological (wind speed/direc- The Crystal Lake campground contact sta- summer. The mixing will continue into warm for adult smelt to survive by the end tion, air temperature, and relative humidi- tion also has project posters and brochures 2013 to target smelt hatched in 2012 of the summer. Mixing will continue ty) and water quality measurements (water available. Questions can also be addressed (juvenile rainbow smelt can tolerate through the summer of 2014 in order to temperature, dissolved oxygen, chloro- to [email protected]. warmer water temperatures during their remove the remainder of the smelt popula- phyll, and pH). In addition to physical Submitted by the Crystal Lake Mixing first year), and ensure no reproducing tion. sampling, we routinely sample the biolog- Research Crew NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 23 The Boulder Junction Shooting Range

Steve Petersen photographs The Boulder Junction Shooting Range is on state forest land just east of the Trout Lake Headquarters on highway M. It is one of three public shooting ranges on the state forest. Each is operated by a non-profit group and is available for free public use. The other ranges are Caywood Range on Hwy. 51, just north of Woodruff, and the Northwoods Wildlife and Wetlands Range, which is on Hwy. 51, about 5 miles south of Mercer.

The Boulder Junction Shoot- ing Range pro- vides a rifle range out to 200 yards as well as shotgunning. The range is closed Wednes- day and Sunday afternoons and evenings, also occasionally for other events.

Forests for the Future Fund Now you can help support Wisconsin’s State Forests! Wisconsin’s Forests for the Future Fund is a program that allows you to contribute to the sustainable manage- ment of Wisconsin’s State Forests. Your donation will help the Division of Forestry provide economic, ecologi- cal, social and cultural benefits for pres- ent and future generations. Donations to the Forests for the Future Fund are used for: • Tree planting • Forest management • Wildlife habitat • Invasive plant management • Recreational trail improvements • Educational materials

If you are a camper from outside of Wisconsin, please do not bring firewood with you. It will be confiscated and if the wood is from a Make a quarantined area, you could be violating a federal law that forbids moving wood of any kind out of your state or county of residence. donation today Be aware, if you transport firewood from Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, or lower Michigan, you can be liable for federal fines up to $1,000.00. To contribute to the fund, please cut If you are a camper from Wisconsin, please only use firewood from a Wisconsin source within 25 miles of where you will use it. Ideal- ly, purchase firewood from within the campground where you are staying, as that wood is often cut on site and sold by groups who out this form and send it in with your reinvest earnings in the same park. If you purchase your firewood outside of the park but within Wisconsin, near the campground you donation. Thank you! are visiting, please have a receipt ready to show proof of that purchase.

Polar Bears International (PBI) contin- Treelocal and stateplanting politicians, gave presenta- fornomenal climate damage to their changecity trees during a http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TreePlanting/donate ues their dedication and commitment to the tions at all elementary schools, accelerated 2011 summer windstorm; the community .html WDNR, Division of Forestry’s Tree Plant- recycling at their school and in the commu- was awarded a 2012 PBI grant. As part of To learn more about Polar Bears Interna- ing for Climate Change initiative nity, and spread the word through TV, radio this project, 5th graders at Washington tional and their conservation through http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TreePlanting/cli- and print media. Their “polar-bearrels”, School in Merrill learned about polar bear research, stewardship and education, go to mate.html. Started in 2010 with a 26 acre made from donated Coke syrup barrels, habitat and the value of trees. Students http://www.polarbearsinternational.org/ mixed species planting on the Kettle were placed in schools and local businesses helped plant 50 trees at their city forest on Moraine State Forest in southeast Wiscon- to encourage people to recycle. Several May 9, 2012. sin, the project continues to grow and barrels were sent to the Milwaukee County An additional 134 acres were planted on expand statewide. In 2011, 33 acres of Zoo. Over 100 local citizens turned out on the Florence County Forest in 2012 through conifers were planted on the Juneau Coun- May 7, 2011 to help plant trees along their the generosity of Polar Bears International, ty Forest. city streets. The young ladies snagged third putting over 107,000 seedlings in the In addition, in 2011 the City of Sparta place in the prestigious contest and were ground. was granted $22,500 to plant trees to honored at the San Diego Zoo during an All seedlings planted on state forests replace canopy cover lost from pre-emptive awards ceremony. The collective impact of and county owned land through Polar removal of ash trees in anticipation of an all participating Project Polar Bear contest- Bears International grants were grown Emerald Ash Borer infestation. As part of ants that year reduced carbon emissions by by the Wisconsin Department of Natural the educational component of the city’s over 30 million pounds! Later, Robert Resources State Nursery Program. project, three girls from the local high Buchanan, president and CEO of PBI and Landowners interested in tree planting to school entered PBI’s world-wide Project his wife Carolyn, were speakers at a ban- implement adaptive management for cli- Polar Bear ™ contest vying to win a trip to quet in Sparta to recognize the city’s tree mate change on their private land can Churchill, Manitoba, Canada to see the planting program and the teenagers’ contri- also order high quality, native nursery polar bear migration for themselves. butions to polar bear conservation. Sparta stock from the state nursery Throughout their project, community received a subsequent Polar Bears Interna- http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TreePlanting/. involvement and business support was tional grant in 2012 to continue their For those interested in making a dona- inspirational and overwhelming. The canopy restoration efforts. tion to help reforestation efforts on state teenagers discussed polar bear needs with The City of Merrill experienced phe- owned lands, go to Page 24–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

NO PETS NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 25

If you are a camper from outside of Wisconsin, please do not bring firewood with you. It will be confiscated and if the wood is from a quarantined area, you could be violating a federal law that forbids moving wood of any kind out of your state or county of residence. Be aware, if you transport firewood from Illi- nois, Indiana, Ohio, or lower Michigan, you can be liable for federal fines up to $1,000.00. If you are a camper from Wisconsin, please only use firewood from a Wisconsin source within 25 miles of where you will use it. Ideally, purchase firewood from within the campground where you are staying, as that wood is often cut on site and sold by groups who reinvest earnings in the same park. If you purchase your firewood outside of the park but within Wisconsin, near the campground you are visiting, please have a receipt ready to show proof of that purchase. Page 26–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

If you are a camper from outside of Wisconsin, please do not bring firewood with you. It will be confiscated and if the wood is from a quarantined area, you could be violating a federal law that forbids moving wood of any kind out of your state or county of residence. Be aware, if you transport firewood from Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, or lower Michigan, you can be liable for federal fines up to $1,000.00. If you are a camper from Wisconsin, please only use firewood from a Wisconsin source within 25 miles of where you will use it. Ideally, purchase firewood from within the campground where you are staying, as that wood is often cut on site and sold by groups who reinvest earnings in the same park. If you purchase your firewood outside of the park but within Wisconsin, near the campground you are visiting, please have a receipt ready to show proof of that purchase.

NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 27

Double sites are designed to allow two doubleDouble site will be charged campsite for both camping useparty on thepolicy other half of their camping party. separate camping parties to camp close halves of the campsite. Upon check-in, double site. A usable camping unit must The fee for a double site is twice that together in a group-like setting. When campers will be required to provide the be set up on each side of the double site of a single site. Double sites can accom- making a reservation, or at check-in if the names, vehicle license plate information, by 11 p.m. on check-in day. A double site modate two camping units and a maxi- site is not reservable, campers choosing a and camping unit information for the can not be reserved/registered for a single mum of 12 campers. Page 28–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

For more information about Wisconsin’s Northern State Forests contact the Division of Forestry or the forest properties Division of Forestry Northern Highland Black River Governor Knowles Brule River Flambeau River State Peshtigo River PO Box 7921 American Legion State Forest State Forest State Forest Forest State Forest Madison, WI State Forest 910 Hwy. 54 East PO Box 367 6250 S. Ranger Rd W1613 Co. Rd. W N10008 Paust Lane 53707-7921 4125 Forest Black River Falls, WI Grantsburg, WI Brule, WI Winter, WI Crivitz, WI Phone: 608-267-7494 Headquarters Road 54615 54840 54820 54896 54114 Boulder Junction, WI Phone: 715-284-4103 Phone: 715-463-2898 Phone: 715-372-5678 Phone: 715-332-5271 Phone: 715-757-3965 54512 Phone: 715-385-2727 http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/forestry/StateForests/meet.htm#NHAL NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 29

Your campfire wood could be Youwe have no ideacan where allhelp that fire- lands.keep All firewood our brought forestsinto a simple steps healthy! to help protect the of the outdoor experience in Wis- hiding insects or diseases that can wood is coming from, and some of Wisconsin state park or forest state’s healthy forests: consin, but we must all take a few kill Wisconsin’s trees. Gypsy that wood might just be the source must be: cut within 25 miles of the Leave firewood at home. precautions to keep our forested moth, emerald ash borer, oak wilt, of our next big problem.” state park or forest campground, Purchase firewood certified by areas and campgrounds – and our beech bark disease and others Firewood is not the only way AND cut within the boundaries of the Wisconsin Department of city parks and yards – safe from spread easily when hidden in fire- these pests move around, but it is the State of Wisconsin, AND NOT Agriculture or firewood within 25 invasive insects and diseases. wood. the most difficult to stop. Nurs- cut or stored in a pest quarantined miles of your campsite. Find a list Campers will find reasonably- For example, the emerald ash eries, logging, mills, and other area (unless the property is also in of certified firewood dealers priced firewood within or nearby borer (EAB) feeds on an ash tree industries are regulated when that quarantined area). See online at: www.emeraldashbor- all state parks and forests. Wood just under the bark. The pest forests are threatened; firewood is dnr.wi.gov, keyword “firewood” er.wi.gov. Also, many properties from unapproved sources may be remains hidden there even after it the last easy ride for invasive for details AND used on-site; not offer firewood for sale, or private confiscated and destroyed. “We has killed the tree. Wisconsin’s hitch-hikers. Because firewood transported back out of the park or sellers have it available near the are counting on campers,” said forests are home to nearly a billion restrictions can differ between fed- forest. park. Brett Bockhop, NHAL State For- ash trees and 30% of Wisconsin’s eral, state, county and private Wisconsin has quarantines in Burn your firewood at your est Ranger supervisor, “to help us city trees are ash too. It is best if campgrounds, it’s safest and easi- place for gypsy moth and emerald campsite; do not take it with you to protect the quality of our forest by EAB does not find its way to these est to leave firewood at home or ash borer. You may not move fire- another destination. complying with the rules. Fire- trees. purchase only wood certified by wood from a quarantined area to a Cook over gas or charcoal wood is available at Clear and “It’s not uncommon to see the Wisconsin Department of non-quarantined area. Violations instead of an open fire. Crystal Ranger stations and at campers bringing their own fire- Agriculture, which has been spe- are enforced with fines and jail Instead of an evening campfire, Buffalo, West Star, North Trout, wood from home,” said Andrea cially treated to kill any invasive time. The entire eastern half of explore new night-time activities Starrett, Razorback, Gresham, Big Diss-Torrance, forest pest expert hitch-hikers. Wisconsin is quarantined for like star-gazing or viewing Lake, and Sandy Beach Camp- with the Wisconsin Department of To help prevent against inva- gypsy moth, and several counties wildlife by flashlight. grounds. Ask a ranger or camp- Natural Resources. “We have visi- sive forest insects and diseases, the are quarantined for emerald ash Stay updated on firewood rules ground host about firewood rules, tors from all over the state and DNR restricts the movement of borer. and restrictions. or visit online: dnr.wi.gov key- from across the country. The fact is firewood onto all state-owned In Wisconsin, campers can take Campfires are an important part word “firewood”. Page 30–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012 NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012–Page 31

With the great advances in remoteWho’sin northern Wisconsin. watching An earlier study whoof special concern these and anything days? we can When observing loons try to not disturb camera technology, smaller and more used cameras with limited exposure do to increase their nest success would them. If the loon leaves its nest because powerful units are now available. Deer capability and missed some predation benefit the species. These remote cam- of your presence, please back off and let and bear hunters have been using field events. They did catch raccoons destroy- eras will aid us in identifying the leading the loons return to its nest. Their eggs are cameras since the 1980’s, starting with ing some loon nests. With newer cameras causes of loon nest failure. Then possibly very vulnerable when adults are off the film flash cameras. Their desire to always pointed directly at the loon nests we some negative management options nest. have the latest gadgets available has led should get evidence on any predator that directed at these predators would You may also track loon migratory to rapid improvements and new models visits the loon nests. These new cameras increase loon nest success. movements from current and previous for sale. Now small digital no-flash cam- and logistics support are being provided So now you may get your picture studies using satellite transmitters online eras with tremendous memory capabili- by grants from LoonWatch and the Wis- taken not only when in the woods but at the U.S. Geological Survey Upper ties are in vogue. And the uses of these consin Society of Ornithology. Common while out on the water! Actually you Midwest Environmental Sciences Center remote cameras have increased to things loon nest success can often approach would have to be right at a loon nest to website: http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/ter- like property surveillance and wildlife only 50%, so renesting is frequent. Wis- get your picture taken by one of the cam- restrial/migratory_birds/loon/migra- research. consin loons are doing OK as they are a eras used in this research project. And tions.html Cameras will be used in 2012 at com- long-lived species and thus every nest hopefully everyone out there knows NOT Enjoy the loon’s call of the wild while mon loon nests in an attempt to identify does not have to successfully produce to approach active loon nests too closely out in our great outdoors. which predators are destroying loon nests chicks each year. Still they are a species to avoid disturbing the breeding loons. Paul Lueders photographs Page 32–NHAL State Forest Visitor’s Guide-2012

This publication is available upon request in alternate formats for visually The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in impaired persons. Please contact the Division of Forestry at (608) 267-7494 to its employment, programs, services and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. request an alternate format. If you have any questions, please write to: Equal Opportunity Office, U.S. Depart- ment of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240 PUB-FR-082 2011

WI State Forest Certificate WI State Forest Certificate #SCS-FM/COC-00070N #NSF-SFIS-1Y941-S1 ©1996 Forest Stewardship Council Wisconsin DNR is a participant in FSC certification means that the forest the American Forest and Paper Associ- is managed according to strict environ- ation’s Sustainable Forest Initiative® mental, social and economic standards. program.