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Reconstructing Proto-Oceanic Kinship
ALTERNATIVE PASTS: RECONSTRUCTING PROTO-OCEANIC KINSHIP James West Turner The University of Hawaii–West Oahu Allen has outlined a world-historical theory of kinship in which the earliest kinship systems are assumed to have been tetradic. Such a system is defined by alternate generation, prescriptive, and classificatory equations and is characterized by bilat- eral cross cousin marriage. Over time these three types of genealogical equations have tended to breakdown in exactly this order. That is, generational equations tend to be the first to breakdown. While supporting some aspects of Allen’s analysis, Hage has argued that the Dravidian systems of Oceania, such as those found in Fiji, challenge the assumption of this directionality in the transformation of kinship systems. Hage’s argument was based on the assumption that Proto- Oceanic kinship reflected a rule of prescriptive asymmetric alliance, an interpreta- tion based on Blust’s linguistic reconstructions. This article examines a Dravidian system from Fiji and questions whether it is derived from an asymmetric ancestral system. It also provides an alternative view of Proto-Oceanic kinship and its regional transformations. (Kinship transformations, Dravidian kinship terminolo- gies, Fiji, comparative Austronesian studies) KINSHIP SYSTEMS, EVOLUTION, AND DEEP HISTORY The circumstance that originally gave the modern discipline of anthropology shape and purpose was a revolution in scientific understanding of the antiquity of man (Trautmann 2001). The publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species out- lined the processes by which the diversity of living things could have arisen from a single type of ancestral organism. These processes would have required eons, a time scale made available to Darwin by the uniformitarian geology of Hutton and Lyell. -
Possible Models of Early Austronesian Social Organization
Possible Models of Early Austronesian Social Organization ]. FOX THIS PAPER IS addressed to a consideration of the possibilities of comparison. I Since cur- rent typologies contemporary Austronesian societies influence judgment on ble earlier forms of Austronesian society, it is these typologies and the bases for them that require examination if are make any attempt at the construction of prior structures. In this paper, I wish to take as my starting point the important article on early Aus tronesian social organization by Blust (1980). Instead of discussing specific aspects of the argument of this paper, on which I have already commented at some length (Fox 1980), I wish to consider some of Blust's underlying assumptions. My intention is to consider alternative assumptions. \Vith this as background, I then wish to indulge in a hypothetic consideration and manipulation of possible models of Austronesian social organization. Other disciplines regularly have recourse to such theoretical exercises and I would argue that in the present, and as yet early, stage of our understanding this is a particularly salutary proce dure. To avoid an element of vacuousness, however, I propose to rely on an early, but nonetheless still useful, paper by Kroeber (1919) on kinship in the Philippines as an appropriate source for constructing a model that can be compared with models drawn from evidence of societies in other parts of the Austronesian world. Finally, I would like to draw on evidence from a larger, ongoing study of the social organization of societies in eastern Indonesia that would tend to support a "genetic" or historical linguistic model of the kind envisioned in my earlier discussion. -
Bentley, Caitlin Accepted Thesis 12-04-15 Fa 15.Pdf
Read all instructions first and then perform each step in this order. 1. Select File/Save As menu options to save this document (name it: Last, First MM-DD-YY) to your computer disk. 2. Open Word and this file. The file opens in Protected Mode. Type title above in the gray box as instructed and tab to next field (see instructions in each gray field and in the status bar). Tab and answer all questions until you return back to the title above. 3. Please scroll to and read Chapter 1 to learn how to unprotect this document. Once the document is unprotected the gray fields will continue to display on the screen, but will not print or convert to the PDF file. Fields can then also be modified if needed. 4. Once the document is Unprotected, scroll to Chapter 2 to read about the automatic Table of Contents, Heading Styles, Tables, Figures, References, and Appendices. 5. To remove this box, click it, point to outer gray hash marks until you see the Move icon, click to select, and press Delete key. Linking Communications: the Philippine Regional Section of the Allied Intelligence Bureau's Operations in the Occupied Islands,1942-1945 A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Caitlin T. Bentley December 2015 © 2015 Caitlin T. Bentley. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Linking Communications: The Philippine Regional Section of the Allied Intelligence Bureau's Operations in the Occupied Islands,1942-1945 by CAITLIN T. -
Current Thinking and Liberal Arts Education in China
Current Thinking and Liberal Arts Education in China Author: Youguo Jiang Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104094 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2013 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College Lynch School of Education Department of Education Administration and Higher Education Current Thinking and Liberal Arts Education in China You Guo Jiang, S. J. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2, 2013 © copyright by YOU GUO JIANG 2013 Conceptions about Liberal Arts Education in China Abstract Liberal arts education is an emerging phenomenon in China. However, under the pressure of exam-oriented education, memorization, and lecture pedagogy, faculty, university administrators and policy makers have not embraced it whole-heartedly. Through qualitative methodology, this study explores the current thinking of Chinese policy makers, university administrators, and faculty members on liberal arts education and its challenges. A study of the perceptions of 96 Chinese government and university administrators and faculty members regarding liberal arts education through document analysis and interviews at three universities helps in comprehending the process of an initiative in educational policy in contemporary Chinese universities. This research analyzes Chinese policy making at the institutional and national levels on curriculum reform with particular emphasis on the role of education in shaping well-rounded global citizens, and it examines how the revival of liberal arts education in China would produce college graduates with the creativity, critical thinking, moral reasoning, innovation and cognitive complexity needed for social advancement and personal integration in a global context. -
Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek
Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek To cite this version: Katja Rangsivek. Trakun, Politics and the Thai State. Social Anthropology and ethnology. University of Copenhagen, 2013. English. tel-00850357 HAL Id: tel-00850357 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850357 Submitted on 6 Aug 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TRAKUN, POLITICS AND THE THAI STATE Katja Rangsivek Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Prinicipal Supervisor: Dr. Dr.phil. Cynthia Gek Hua Chou Associate Professor with Special Qualifications Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Co-Supervisor: Dr. Martin B. Platt Associate Professor Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies PhD Thesis February 2013 Faculty of Humanities University of Copenhagen i ii Abstract in English Political trakun are patrilineages that have distinguished themselves through engaging in politics over several generations by filling key positions of the state, such as the cabinet and parliament. The study of political trakun though has not yet been given academic attention. Despite most accounts of Thai political history being simultaneously the accounts of the royal and other elite families, little research has aimed to understand the entanglement of families and the state. -
1 • House • Voice • Male Emigration • Ilocos, Philippines
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copy edited version of an article published in Families, Relationships and Societies. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Galam, Roderick: Relational autonomy: kinship and daughters-in-law negotiating affinity with their mothers-in-law. In: Families, Relationships and Societies, 2017, 6(3) is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1332/204674316X14534751747450. This author's post-acceptance version is not to be cited. Relational autonomy: Kinship and daughters-in- law negotiating affinity with their mothers-in-law Roderick Galam Freie Universität Berlin Research on mother- and daughter-in-law relationships has primarily focused on the conflict between the two. This article highlights the empowering potential of daughters-in-law of this problematic relationship by examining the struggle of Filipino seafarers’ wives to exercise agency and achieve autonomy in the context of living with their mothers-in-law. Drawing on in-depth semi-structured interviews, it analyses the women’s project for autonomy within kinship, that is, an autonomy deeply embedded in intersubjective relations through the conceptualisation of kinship as ‘cultures of relatedness’, which explicitly attends to the negative aspects of kinship. Three dimensions of their experiences are discussed: breaking their silence/talking back; becoming their husband’s designated recipient of their remittances; and having their own house. Their experiences demonstrate the importance of retaining normativity in the conceptualisation of kinship as relatedness. key words autonomy • mother-/daughter-in-law relationship • kinship • relatedness • affinity • house • voice • male emigration • Ilocos, Philippines Introduction Being a wife is not just a status one assumes with the act of contracting marriage. -
Victims No Longer: Research on Child Survivors of Trafficking for Sexual and Labor Exploitation in the United States Author(S): Elzbieta Gozdziak Ph.D
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Victims No Longer: Research on Child Survivors of Trafficking for Sexual and Labor Exploitation in the United States Author(s): Elzbieta Gozdziak Ph.D. ; Micah N. Bump, M.A. Document No.: 221891 Date Received: March 2008 Award Number: 2005-IJ-CX-0051 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. VICTIMS NO LONGER: RESEARCH ON CHILD SURVIVORS OF TRAFFICKING FOR SEXUAL AND LABOR EXPLOITATION IN THE UNITED STATES NIJ GRANT NO. 2005-IJ-CX-0051 FINAL REPORT This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. -
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R. Blust Austronesian Sibling Terms and Culture History In
R. Blust Austronesian sibling terms and culture history In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 149 (1993), no: 1, Leiden, 22-76 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 07:40:38AM via free access ROBERT BLUST AUSTRONESIAN SIBLING TERMS AND CULTURE HISTORY* 1. The problem Although language families such as Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan have more speakers, the Austronesian language family is the world's second- largest in number of languages, with well over 900 members (Ruhlen 1987). These languages have a wide geographical distribution in Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, portions of mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and a variety of Pacific nations located within the broad geographical regions of Mclanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. As with any large and widely distributed collection of languages or cultures, there is a great deal of linguistic and cultural diversity among the Austronesian- speaking peoples. Since they reflect a common ancestral tradition, the differences among these various languages and cultures must have arisen through an accumulation of gradual linguistic and cultural changes over many generations. It is the task of the comparative linguist to reconstruct as much as can be recovered of the language which existed before these changes. Because language and culture are interconnected in sometimes surprising and unexpected ways, the reconstruction of particular linguistic features may under favourable circumstances also entail the reconstruction of interconnected features of culture. Somewhat over a decade ago I argued on the basis of comparative linguistic evidence that early Austronesian (AN) society had ancestor- oriented kin groups (descent groups), matrilateral cross-cousin marriage (hereafter simply 'matrilateral cousin marriage'), dual divisions and some * ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to Alice Dewey, Gregory Forth, Rodney Needham and Andrew Pawley for critical comments which led to improvements in an earlier version of this paper. -
Kinship Matters: Structures of Alliance, Indigenous Foragers, And
Human Biology Volume 85 Issue 1 Special Issue on Revisiting the "Negrito" Article 16 Hypothesis 2013 Kinship Matters: Structures of Alliance, Indigenous Foragers, and the Austronesian Diaspora James West Turner University of Hawai‘i-West O‘ahu, Kapolei, Hawai‘i, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Turner, James West (2013) "Kinship Matters: Structures of Alliance, Indigenous Foragers, and the Austronesian Diaspora," Human Biology: Vol. 85: Iss. 1, Article 16. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol85/iss1/16 Kinship Matters: Structures of Alliance, Indigenous Foragers, and the Austronesian Diaspora Abstract The tudys of kinship systems has direct relevance for the field of human genetics and the study of microevolution in human populations. Some types of postmarital residence rules—rules requiring a married couple to live with or near relatives of the husband or wife—will have consequences for the distribution of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages. Rules that proscribe or encourage marriage with close kin will also have consequences for allele frequency. A preference for marrying at a distance, both socially and geographically, creates alliances that can have survival value for individuals and groups in an environment of periodic or unpredictable scarcity. This article considers the nature of early contact between the indigenous foraging populations of the Philippines and Austronesian speaking settlers who began arriving ~4,500–4,000 BP. It argues that when the first Austronesians arrived they brought with them a kinship system based on symmetrical exchange between descent-based groups. -
The Fourth International Conference on Law, Language and Discourse (LLD)
The Fourth International Conference On Law, Language and Discourse (LLD) October 18 -19, 2014, Xi'an, China The American Scholars Press Editors: Le Cheng, Qinglin Ma, Jinbang Du, Lisa Hale, et al. Cover Designer: Jian Li Published by The American Scholars Press, Inc. The Fourth International Conference on Law, Language and Discourse is published by the American Scholars Press, Inc., Marietta, Georgia, USA. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright © 2014 by the American Scholars Press All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-0-9861817-0-2 Printed in the United States of America 2 Preface Internationally, there is a growing interest from the academia and the legal professionals in the study of the interface between language and law. Locally, Language and Law is one of the core postgraduate programs, which can be traced back to the early 1990s at City University of Hong Kong. In recent years, exchanges and collaborations in language and law among universities such as City University of Hong Kong, Aston University, China University of Political Science and Law, Columbia Law School, Georgetown University and Peking University, have been frequent and productive. With Hong Kong, as an international city, playing an important role of the meeting point for different cultures and with China being the convergence of various jurisdictions, a new association – the Multicultural Association of Law and Language (hereafter as MALL) was founded in 2009 with the Secretariat located in Hong Kong. -
Language and Gender: an Advanced Resource Book Jane Sunderland Language and Gender an Advanced Resource Book
LANGUAGE AND GENDER Routledge Applied Linguistics is a series of comprehensive resource books providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English Language and Applied Linguistics. Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline: • Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers’ techniques of analysis through practical application. • Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. • Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader’s understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions. Language and Gender: • presents an up-to-date introduction to language and gender; • includes diverse work from a range of cultural, including non-Western contexts and represents a range of methodological approaches; • gathers together influential readings from key names in the discipline, including Mary Haas, Deborah Cameron and Mary Bucholtz. Written by an experienced teacher and researcher in the field, Language and Gender is an essential resource for students and researchers of Applied Linguistics. Jane Sunderland teaches in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University. She is a key member of IGALA (International Gender and Language Association) and publishes widely in the area of language and gender.