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Cabassous Centralis (Cingulata: Dasypodidae)

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45(898):12–17 Cabassous centralis (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) VIRGINIA HAYSSEN,JORGE ORTEGA,ALBERTO MORALES-LEYVA, AND NORBERTO MARTI´NEZ-MENDEZ Department of Biology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA; [email protected] (VH) Laboratorio de Ictiologı´ayLimnologı´a, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiolo´gicas, Departamento de Zoologı´a, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolo´gicas, Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, Prolongacio´n de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomas, 11340, Me´xico, Distrito Federal, Me´xico; [email protected] (JO), [email protected] (AM-L), [email protected]. mx (NM-M) Abstract: Cabassous centralis (northern naked-tailed armadillo) is a small armadillo with a slender tail. The distinctive tail has widely spaced, thin plates that are gray-pink in color. This fossorial armadillo occurs in diverse tropical habitats and has a distributional range from southern Mexico, through Central America, and into northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador). C. centralis is listed as ‘‘Least Concern’’ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and is rare everywhere. Key words: Edentata, edentate, Neotropical, northern naked-tailed armadillo, Xenarthra Ó 30 May 2013 American Society of Mammalogists Synonymy completed 11 May 2012 DOI: 10.1644/898.1 www.mammalogy.org Cabassous centralis (Miller, 1899) Cabassous hispidus: Neveu-Lemaire and Grandidier, Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo 1911:106, footnote. Not Dasypus hispidus Burmeister, 1854. Dasypus gymnurus: Frantzius, 1869:309. Not Tatus gymnu- [Cabassous] lugubris: Yepes, 1928:467 [page 7 of reprint rus Olfers, 1818. separate]. Part; not Ziphila lugubris Gray, 1873. X[enurus]. hispidus: True, 1896:345. Not Dasypus hispidus Cabassous lugubris: Moeller, 1968:420. Part; not Ziphila Burmeister, 1854. lugubris Gray, 1873. Dasypus [Xenurus] hispidus True, 1896:346. Not Dasypus hispidus Burmeister, 1854. CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Cingulata, family Dasypo- Dasypus gymnurus: Alfaro, 1897:46. Not Tatus gymnurus didae, subfamily Tolypeutinae, tribe Priodontini. Synonymy Olfers, 1818. Xenurus gymnurus: J. A. Allen, 1897:43. Not Tatus gymnurus Olfers, 1818. [Lysiurus (Lysiurus)] unicinctus: Trouessart, 1898:1146. Part; not Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758. [Lysiurus (Lysiurus)] hispidus: Trouessart, 1898:1147. Part; not Dasypus hispidus Burmeister, 1854. Tatoua (Ziphila) centralis Miller, 1899:4. Type locality ‘‘Chamelecon, [Corte´s,] Honduras.’’ Tatoua (Ziphila) lugubris: Miller, 1899:6. Not Ziphila lugubris Gray, 1873. C[abassous]. (Ziphila) centralis: Palmer, 1899:72. Name combination. Cabassous hispidus: Bangs, 1900:89. Not Dasypus hispidus Burmeister, 1854. Cabassous (Ziphila) lugubris: J. A. Allen, 1904:421. Not Ziphila lugubris Gray, 1873. Fig. 1.—A male Cabassous centralis from Centro de Recepcio´ny [Cabassous (Ziphila)] lugubris: Trouessart, 1905:821. Part; Rehabilitacio´n de Fauna Silvestre in Colombia. Used with not Ziphila lugubris Gray, 1873. permission of the photographer Alba Lucı´a Morales. 45(898)—Cabassous centralis MAMMALIAN SPECIES 13 modified from Gardner (2005) and Wetzel et al. (2008). C. centralis is monotypic (Wetzel et al. 2008). NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. The generic name, Cabassous,is from the native language Galibi (French Guiana), derived from capocou meaning armadillo. The species name, centralis, refers to the Central American (Honduras) origin of the holotype (Tirira 2004). Other common names are armadillo hediondo, armadillo rabo de carne de occidente, armadillo rabo de puerco, armadillo zopilote, armado de zopilote, cabasu´, cachicamo morrocoy, cucuso, cusuco venenoso, cuspa montan˜era zuliana, cuspita, douro´, morro- coy, No¨rdliches Nacktschwanz-Gu¨rteltier, pitero de un˜a, rabo de carne, rabo de molle, ta´kan ta´kan, tatu´-aı´, tatu´ de rabo molle, timba, tumbo, tumbo armado, and wai-wech (True 1896; Wetzel 1982; Emmons and Feer 1990; Superina and Aguiar 2006). DIAGNOSIS Cabassous centralis (Fig. 1) is similar to C. unicinctus (southern naked-tailed armadillo) but their ranges do not overlap: C. centralis occurs west of the Andes and C. unicinctus occurs east of the Andes. C. centralis differs from C. unicinctus in having the external surface of pinna without scales. The elongate, oval teeth are similar to those of C. tatouay (greater naked-tail armadillo), but in C. centralis the long axis of midposterior teeth may be diagonal to long axis of the skull (Wetzel 1985). Posterior surface of pinna is naked in C. centralis, whereas in other species the pinna is partially or completely scaled. Interorbital (24.3 mm) and zygomatic (40.8 mm) widths are smaller in C. centralis than in C. tatouay (33.8 and 56.3, respectively) and C. unicinctus (26.6 and 44.7, respectively—Wetzel 1980). GENERAL CHARACTERS A small armadillo with a slender skull (Fig. 2), naked cheeks and pinnae, mediolaterally compressed teeth, and Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view scutes on the first 2 complete rows of scapular shield that are of mandible of an adult Cabassous centralis (26621, Instituto de much wider than long (Wetzel 1980). Counts of scutes (SD, Biologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico) from Selva n) are: cephalic shield, 35.3 (4.3, 23); 1st complete band of Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico. Greatest length of skull is 77.6 mm. scapular shield, 18.1 (1.3, 16); last band of scapular shield, Photographs provided by Linda Saldan˜a, Daniela Labastida, and Fernanda Caciano. 27.2 (1.6, 19); 3rd movable band, 28.3 (1.9, 19); 4th movable band, 28.6 (1.5, 21); 1st band of pelvic shield, 25.9 (0.9, 18); last band of pelvic shield, 8.3 (0.9, 18); total number of movable bands, 12.1 (0.6, 22—Wetzel 1980). length of ear, 31, 33, 32, 32, 37, —. Ranges (mm) of external External measurements (mm) for 6 adult Cabassous measurements from the Neotropics were: length of head and centralis (2 females, 4 males, respectively) in the National body, 305–417; length of tail, 106–183; length of hind foot, Museum of Natural History (formerly the United States National Museum [USNM]) were: length of head and body, 60–76; length of ear, 27–62; mass, 2–3.5 kg (True 1896; 336, 337, 335, 363, 378, 400; length of tail, 164, 145, 134, Bangs 1900; Allen 1904; Meritt 1985; Wetzel 1985; Emmons 160, 183, 173; length of hind foot, 69, 62, 61, 60, 74, 79; and Feer 1990; Carrillo and Wong 1992). 14 MAMMALIAN SPECIES 45(898)—Cabassous centralis Mean cranial measurements (mm) for 7 adult C. centralis in the USNM and ranges (in parentheses) from additional references (True 1896; Allen 1904; Wetzel 1980) were: skull: greatest length, 79.1 (72.09–83.3); width across zygoma at postorbital process, 41.8 (39.2–45.0); length of upper toothrow, 28.7 (26.6–30.0); posterior margin of last molar to tip of premaxilla, 48.2 (45.0–51.2); condylobasal length, 78.0 (72.3–83.1); rostral length, 36.9 (33.6–39.0); palatal length, 45.1 (41.9–48.1); postrostral length, 41.2 (37.5–44.5); palatal width, 11.4 (10.2–12.3); anterior rostral width, 11.6 (10.4–13.8); interlacrimal width, 33.3 (30.9– 36.4); interorbital width, 24.3 (23.6–25.6); zygomatic width, 40.8 (37.4–43.7); mastoidal width, 37.0 (33.6–41.0); height of cranium, 32.2 (30.1–34.0); mandible: greatest length, 60.2 (55.0–63.4); width from angle to coronoid, 17.8 (16.0–19.7); length of lower toothrow, 26.0 (24.6–27.7); posterior margin of last molar to tip of mandible, 42.0 (38.5–43.8). Means of selected limb measurements (mm) for 2 C. centralis were: humeral length, 54.2; proximal humeral length, 39.4; ulnar length, 57.6; olecranon length, 27.4; functional femoral length, 61.5; proximal femur length, 28.4; leg length, 51.2; and midleg width, 20 (Vizcaı´no and Milne 2002). Fig. 3.—Distribution map of Cabassous centralis modified from Mean tooth lengths and widths (mm), respectively, with Wetzel et al. (2008). parenthetical ranges were: maxillary teeth: 4th, 2.9 (2.4–3.3), 2.3 (2.1–2.6); 5th, 3.0 (2.5–3.4), 2.6 (2.3–3.0); 6th, 2.8 (2.4– moveable bands (Emmons and Feer 1990). The slender tail 3.2), 2.8 (2.4–3.2); 7th, 2.7 (2.2–3.4), 2.7 (2.3–3.2); mandib- is distinctive with widely spaced, thin plates with a pinkish ular teeth: 5th, 3.1 (2.7–3.5), 2.6 (2.2–3.0); 6th, 3.1 (2.4–3.8), gray color (Eisenberg 1989). Upperparts of the back mostly 2.7 (2.4–3.2); 7th, 2.7 (1.9–3.8), 2.5 (1.8–2.9—Wetzel 1980). dark gray-brown but the edge of the carapace is yellowish (Eisenberg 1989; Reid 1997). Tufts of hair on the ventrum are in about 20 regular, transverse rows (True 1896). DISTRIBUTION Cabassous centralis has no incisors or canines and 7–10 upper and 7–9 lower uniform cheek teeth (8 specimens at the Cabassous centralis occurs from sea level up to 2,000 m, USNM—True 1896). The long tongue can be ‘‘extruded to a and with a 3,018-m record from Antioquia Department in great length when feeding’’ (Eisenberg 1989:63). The head of Colombia (Sa´nchez et al. 2004; Dı´az-N. and Sa´nchez- the mallei of C. centralis is globose and the anterior process Giraldo 2008). C. centralis ranges from southern Mexico, is noticeably thickened (Patterson et al. 1992). through Central America, into South America where it The diploid chromosome number (2n) is 62 and the occurs ‘‘from northern Colombia (including northern inter- fundamental number (FN) is 74 (Benirschke et al. 1969; Hsu Andean valleys) east of the Choco´ region and north of the and Benirschke 1969).
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    Journal of Mammalogy, 96(4):673–689, 2015 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyv082 Systematics of hairy armadillos and the taxonomic status of the Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi) Agustín M. Abba, Guillermo H. Cassini, Guido Valverde, Marie-Ka Tilak, Sergio F. Vizcaíno, Mariella Superina, and Frédéric Delsuc* División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina (AMA) Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/96/4/673/846208 by guest on 04 September 2019 División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1405DJR), Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján (6700) Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina (GHC) Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia (GV) Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, La Paz, Bolivia (GV) Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (M-KT, FD) División Paleontología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina (SFV) Laboratorio de Endocrinología de la Fauna Silvestre, IMBECU-CCT CONICET Mendoza, Casilla de Correos 855, Mendoza 5500, Argentina (MS) *Correspondent: [email protected] Hairy armadillos constitute an ecologically homogeneous and morphologically similar group with currently 5 species classified in the subfamily Euphractinae. Among them, the Andean hairy armadillo Chaetophractus nationi (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Dasypodidae) is a small, endangered armadillo that has long been suspected to represent a high-altitude variant of Chaetophractus vellerosus.
  • Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference

    Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference

    Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans Gillian Gibb, Fabien Condamine, Melanie Kuch, Jacob Enk, Nadia Moraes-Barros, Mariella Superina, Hendrik Poinar, Frédéric Delsuc To cite this version: Gillian Gibb, Fabien Condamine, Melanie Kuch, Jacob Enk, Nadia Moraes-Barros, et al.. Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2016, 33 (3), pp.621 - 642. 10.1093/molbev/msv250. hal-01879331 HAL Id: hal-01879331 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01879331 Submitted on 23 Sep 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans Gillian C. Gibb,1,2 Fabien L. Condamine,1,3,4 Melanie Kuch,5 Jacob Enk,5 Nadia Moraes-Barros,6,7 Mariella Superina,8 Hendrik N. Poinar,*,5 and Fred eric Delsuc*,1
  • The Conservation Game

    The Conservation Game

    From Penguins to Pandas - the conservation game Armadillo Fact Files © RZSS 2014 Armadillos There are 21 species of armadillo. They are divided into 8 groups: dwarf fairy giant hairy long nosed naked tail three banded yellow banded All armadillos have an outer covering of strong bony plates and horny skin. Most of the species can bring their legs in under this covering to protect themselves but it is only the three banded armadillos that can roll up into a tight ball. Most are active at night (nocturnal) and have poor eyesight but very good hearing and sense of smell. They all have large claws on their front feet to dig for insects and for burrowing. There is little known about some species of armadillo. At the time of writing (May 2014), the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) are studying four species - giant, southern naked tail, nine banded and yellow banded. Edinburgh Zoo, owned by RZSS holds 2 species, the larger hairy and the southern three banded. These animals are not on show but are sometimes seen in our animal presentations, such as ‘Animal Antics’. Armadillo in different languages Portuguese: tatu Spanish: armadillo (it means ‘little armoured one’ in Spanish) French: tatou Mandarin Chinese: 犰狳 (qiu yu) 2 Dwarf armadillo 1 species dwarf or pichi (Zaedyus pichiy) Distribution Argentina and Chile Diet insects, spiders and plants Breeding gestation 60 days litter size 1 - 2 Size Length: 26 - 33cm Tail length 10 - 14cm Weight 1 - 1.5kg Interesting facts comes out in daytime unlike most other species, it hibernates over
  • Screaming Hairy Armadillo Class: Mammalia

    Screaming Hairy Armadillo Class: Mammalia

    Chaetophractus vellerosus Screaming Hairy Armadillo Class: Mammalia. Order: Cingulata. Family: Dasypodidae. Other names: Small hairy armadillo, small screaming armadillo, crying armadillo. Physical Description: One of the smallest and most slender species of Chaetrophractus, the screaming hairy armadillo weighs up to 2lbs and averages about 1.5ft long, with long ears and more hair than any other armadillo species. This species has around 18 bands, of which 6 to 8 are moveable. They cannot curl all the way into a ball due to a small number of moveable bands, but still use their “armor” as protection. These animals are well adapted for digging and foraging in the undergrowth and have short legs, long powerful claws, and pointed snouts. Diet in the Wild: Primarily insects, also may eat plants and other small animals. Diet at the Zoo: Insectivore diet, mealworms, wax worms, bananas. Habitat & Range: Desert, grassland, scrubland, and forest of Central and South America. Life Span: Up to 16 yrs. Perils in the wild: Coyote, jaguars, bobcats, cougars, wolves, bears, raccoons and larger birds of prey. Some people in Mexico, Central America and South America also eat armadillos, whose meat is sometimes used as a substitute for pork. Physical Adaptations: Like other armadillos, it wears an armor of scutes (thin bony plates) on the top of its head and body for protection. It has poor eyesight, relying primarily on its senses of hearing and smell to detect food and predators. It has just a few peg-like molars. Since it primarily eats insects, there is no need to waste energy on producing large, strong teeth for heavy chewing.