Congressional Record-Senate. May 1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Congressional Record-Senate. May 1 868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 1, Also, petition of the National Association of Cotton l\Ianufac­ By Ur. STEPHEJ.~S of California: Petition of Paul Rieger & turers, again t the reduction of duties on cotton goods; to the Co., San Francisco, Cal., protesting against the prnposed in­ Corn mi ttee on Ways and Means. crease of duty on materials for the manufacture of perfume; Also, petition of undry chocolate workers of Fulton, N. Y., to the Committee on Ways and Means. against the reduction of the duty on chocolate; to the Committee Also, petition of the Globe Grain & Milling Co., Los Angeles, on Ways and l\feans. Cal., protesting against an increase of the duty on jute burlap; By Mr. O'BRIE~: Petition of Charles Debold, Bernhard J. to the Committee on Ways and Means. Osmer, Frank Emmett, Conrad Haaren, L. Eyring, A. H. Fersch, Also, petition of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. J . Wadsworth, and Conrad W. Brech, against the reduction of San Francisco, Cal., protesting against an import duty on the duty on cocoa and chocolate; to the Committee on Ways wheat, oats, and barley; to the Committee on Ways and Means. and l\Ieans. Also, petition of the Paci.fie Oil & Lead Works. San Fran­ Also, petition of Walter S. Rapelji, Irving S. Roney, C. S. cisco, Cal., protesting against the placing of coconut oil on Findlay, Adolph Celtz, John Lamerdin, Frederick J. Brittner, the free list; to the Committee on Ways and Means. sr., Miss l\l. Estelle Lifhtbouren, J. A. Armstrong, Daniel A. Also, petition of the Standard Underground Cable Co., Los Dolan, Julia E. Carpenter, F. J. Bittner, Joseph Hartel, John W. Angeles, Cal., favoring a differential duty on pig lead and lead­ Farmer, Charles Herman, Joseph Sommers, C. A. l\fcCounell, covered wires and cables; to the Committee on Ways and H. H. Wallace, J. C. Gounig, Lowell l\l. Palmer, Warren El Means. Burrows, and Willis F. Taplin, all of New York and Brooklyn, Also, petition of the Warren & Bailey 'iifanufacturing Co., and N. Y., protesting against including mutual life insurance com­ 7 other companies of Los Angeles, Cal. ; Carlson Currier Co., panies in the income-tax bill; to the Committee on Ways and and 4 other companies of San Francisco, Cal. ; and the Holt Means. Manufacturing Co., Stockton, Cal., protesting against the pro­ Also, petition of Richard McCormick, Brooklyn, N. Y., protest­ posed reduction of the tariff on sugar; to the Committee on ing against any reduction of the tariff on bound books; to the Ways and Means. Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. By Mr. UNDERHILL: Petition of sundry citizens of the Also, petition of Miss A. Dunn and Miss Lillie Oberglock, thirty-seventh congres ional district of New York, against tax­ Brooklyn, N. Y., protesting against any reduction of the tariff ing mutual life insurance companies in the income-tax bill; to on all lithograph work; to the Committee on Ways and Means. the Committee on Ways and Means. Also petition of William E. Lynn, Henry F. Reining, Joseph By Mr. WALLIN: Petition of the glove manufacturers of B. Lomax, Frank R. Treasure, Mrs. 1\1. Buckley, and James D. Gloversville, N. Y., protesting against the passage of the pro­ Ackerman, all of New York, N. Y .. protesting against placing vision in House bill 3321 to charge a filing fee on protests Bibles on the fTee list; to the Committee on Ways and Means. against the imposition of duties or appeal for reappraisement; Also, petition of the l\loehle Lithograph Co., Mrs. T. A. Reilly, to the Committee on Ways and Means. and Louis Reilly, of Brooklyn, N. Y., protesting against any re­ Also, petition of sundry citizens of the thirteenth district of duction in the tariff on lithographic work; to the Committee on New York, protesting against including mutual life insurance lVays and Means. companies in the income-tax bill; to the Committee on Ways By l\Ir. O'SHAUNESSY: Petition of Cllarles Ainsworth, H. T. and Means. Daniels, Richard P. Boucher, Edward E'rerett Rice, Nathan El By Mr. WILLIS: Petition of the Rural Letter Carriers' As­ :Moore, and George F. Troy, all of Providence, R. L, protesting sociation, Hardin County, Ohio, favoring the passage ot legisla­ against including mutual life insurance companies in the income­ tion for Federal aid for the improvement of public roads, and tax bill; to the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. against a 1 cent letter-postage rate; to the Committee on the Also, petition of Miss Alice Hall Walter, Providence, R. I., Post Office and Post Roads. fayoring the passage of legislation preyenting the importation of feathers and plumes of wild birds for commercial purposes; to the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. SENATE. Also, petition of the Low-Taussig-Karpeles Co., Provrnence, THURSDAY, May 1, 1913. R. I., protestipg against the passage of legislation to collect a filing fee on each protest against the assessment of illegal duties Prayer by the Chaplain, Re . Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D. or for reappraisement; to the Committee on Ways and Means. The Journal of the proceedings of Monday Jast was read and By l\fr. PETERS: Petition of Roger Pierce, Myrom Richard­ approved. son, and other business men of Boston, and the Samuel B. MESSAGE FROU THE HOUSE. Capen's Men's Class, Central Congregational Church, Jamaica A message from the House of R~presentatives, by J. C. South, Plain, favoring the repeal of the clause exempting American its Chief Clerk, announced that the Speaker of the House had vessels from the payment of tolls in the Panama Canal ; to the signed the enrolled bill (H. R. 2973) making appropriations Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. · for certain expenses incident to the first session of the Sixty­ By l\Ir. RAKER: Petition of sundry citizens of California, fa­ third Congress, and for other purposes, and it was thereupon voring the passage of legislation compelling concerns selling signed by !the Vice President. goods direct to the consumer by mail to contribute their portion CALLING OF THE BOLL. of the funds fpr the development of the local community, town, Mr. KERN. Mr. P1·esident, I suggest the absence of a; and State; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ quorum. merce. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the roll. By l\Ir. REILLY of Connecticut: Petition of sundry citizens The Secretary called the roll and then proceeded to call the of the State of Connecticut, against the income tax for mutual names of the absentees. life insurance companies; to the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. '£he YICE PRESIDENT. The Chair rules that the amend­ By Mr. ROGERS: Petition of Dr. Edward Waldo Emerson ment to Rule XII simply applies to a yea-and-nay vote. and other citizens of Concord; President Clara H. Nash and Mr. CLARK of Wyoming. I should like to have the rule that members of the West Acton Woman's Christian Temperance was adopted read, if the Chair please. Union, all of l\Iassachusetts, favoring the repeal of the clause The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read Rule XIL in the Panama Canal act exempting American coastwise ship­ The Secretary read as f ol1ows: ping from the payment of tolls or the arbitration <.•f the question RULE XII. at issue with the British Government; to the Committee on VOTING, ETC. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 1. When the yeas and nays are ordered the names of Senators shall By Mr. SCULLY: Petition of sundry citizens of New Jersey, be called alphabetically, and each Senator shall, without debate, declare bis assent or dissent to the question, unless excused by the Senate; against the income tax for mutual life insurance companies; and no Senator shall be permitted to vote after the decision shall have to the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. been annotmced by the presiding officer, but may for sufficient reasons, Also, petition of the Eastern l\Iillinery Association of New with unanimous consent, change or withdraw his vote. No motion to suspend ·this rule shall be in order, nor shall the presiding officer enter­ York, N. Y., against the clause prohibiting the importation of tain any request to suspend it by unanimous consent. (Jetferson's aigrettes, etc. ; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Manual, Sec. XLI.) · Al o, petition of sundry citizens of different towns in N'ew 2. When a Senator declines to vote on call of his nrune he shall be required to assign his reasons therefor, and having assigned them the J"ersey, prote ting against including mutual life insurance com­ presiding officer shall submit the question to the Senate, " Shall the panies in the income-tax bill; to the Committee on Ways and Senator. for the reasons assigned by him, be excused from voting?" l\Ieans. · which shall be decided without debate; and these proceedings shall be had after the roll call and before the result Is announced ; and any By l\fr. STAFFORD: Petition of 46 citizens of l\Iilwaukee, further ~roceedings in reference thereto shall be after such announce­ 'Vis., prote ting against including mt.tual life insurance com­ ment. (Jefferson's Manual, Secs. XVII, XLI.) 3. Immediately after and before the result of each roll call is ascer~ panies in the income-tax bill; to the Committee on Ways and talned and announced the Secretary shall call the names of the ab· Means. sentces ,(Amendment of April 28, 1913.) HH3. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. 86!} mining on Seward Peninsula and the rapidly increasing volume of The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair's ruling is that the business at Port Nome renders it absolutely necessary for a safe amendment to the rule applies only to a yea-and-nay vote.
Recommended publications
  • Quintin Paredes 1884–1973
    H former members 1900–1946 H Quintin Paredes 1884–1973 RESIDENT COMMISSIONER 1935–1938 NACIONALISTA FROM THE PHILIPPINES s the first Resident Commissioner to represent eventually moved to Manila and studied law under the the Philippines after it became a commonwealth direction of another of his brothers, Isidro. He worked during of the United States, Quintin Paredes worked the day, studied at night, and after passing the bar exam, toA revise the economic relationship between his native Paredes briefly took a job with the Filipino government in archipelago and the mainland. Paredes championed Manila before moving to the private sector.4 Paredes married Philippine independence, constantly reminding policymakers Victoria Peralta, and the couple had 10 children.5 of his home’s history as a valuable and vital trading partner. In 1908 Paredes joined the solicitor general’s office In testimony before congressional committees and in in Manila as a prosecuting attorney and rapidly rose to speeches on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives, the solicitor general post in 1917. The very next year, Paredes countered common misconceptions about Filipinos Paredes accepted the job as attorney general, becoming and worked to place the islands on stable economic footing as the Philippines’ top lawyer. Within two years, he became they moved toward independence. secretary of justice in the cabinet of Governor General One of 10 children, Quintin Paredes was born in the Francis Burton Harrison, a former Member of the U.S. northwestern town of Bangued, in the Philippines’ Abra House of Representatives from New York. President Province, on September 9, 1884, to Juan Felix and Regina Woodrow Wilson nominated Paredes to serve as an Babila Paredes.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippine Independence in U.S. History: a Car, Not a Train
    Philippine Independence in U.S. History: A Car, Not a Train Daniel Immerwahr Northwestern University Pacific Historical Review, forthcoming August 2020 The Fourth of July, 1946, was an unusual Independence Day for the United States. On the one hand, it commemorated the thirteen colonies’ dec- laration of independence from the British Empire. But on the other, it was the day when the Philippines, the largest colony the United States had ever held, gained freedom from the U.S. Empire. In Manila, a specially stitched U.S. flag with one star from every Philippine province descended the flagpole. Up the same pole rose the Philippine flag, previously banned by colonial officials. “There were not many dry eyes in the crowd,” an observer noted.1 Independence was a significant turning point, and scholars of Philippine history have been particularly attentive to its character. Did it secure freedom or merely grant “independence without decolonisation,” as Alfred W. McCoy has put it?2 They have asked, too, about the consequences of independence for domestic politics. There are disagreements, but what no one debates is that independence was a major event, sending large waves crashing in all directions.3 In U.S. historiography, however, the events of 1946 have made hardly a ripple. Discussions of the loss of the country’s largest colony, containing ap- proximately 18 million people at the time, rarely feature in the broad narratives about the United States that synthesize the field’s findings. The relevant vol- ume in the comprehensive Penguin History
    [Show full text]
  • English Literacy: Legal Sanction for Discrimination Arnold H
    Notre Dame Law Review Volume 45 | Issue 1 Article 2 6-1-1971 English Literacy: Legal Sanction for Discrimination Arnold H. Leibowitz Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Arnold H. Leibowitz, English Literacy: Legal Sanction for Discrimination, 45 Notre Dame L. Rev. 7 (1969). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol45/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ENGLISH LITERACY: LEGAL SANCTION FOR DISCRIMINATION Arnold H. Leibowitz* I. Introduction Recently the United States Supreme Court decided two cases which brought to the fore the complex question of the degree of political participation per- mitted non-English-speaking persons in the United States. The first, Katzenbach v. Morgan,' sustained the constitutionality of section 4(e) of the Voting Rights Act of 19652 - legislation which had invalidated state English literacy tests applied to individuals who had acquired a sixth grade education in American schools where English was not the language of instruction. The second, Cardona v. Power,' questioned, without deciding, the constitutionality of English literacy tests applied to a person literate in another language. These two cases discussed only one area of American public life - voting where participation is legally dependent upon knowledge of the English language. Similar statutory prescriptions are found elsewhere covering access to, or opera- tions of, schools, businesses, public offices, and various governmental operations.
    [Show full text]
  • COLORADO STATE COLLEGE of EDUCATION Greeley, Colorado
    COLORADO STATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Greeley, Colorado t h e INDEPENDENCE o f t h e Ph i l i p p i n e s A Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the of the Degree of Masters of Arts by Julian R. Betita Department of History and Political Science Division of Social Studies August 17, 1935 * * c . APPROVED JBTt HAJOR PROFESSOR ^ J h JS i cJttLAJUO-t*— ______ DIVISIOH (A/-* t (/ * £ ABSTRACT THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE PHILIPPINES Julian R* Betits 1. Problem The purpose of the study in this field is to deter­ mine the political status of the Philippine Islands under the sovereignty of the United States; to analyse the policy of the United States in regard to the independence of the Philippine Islands* and to find out what really is the desire of the Filipino people in regard to gaining their independence* The aims of this study are to give an account of the struggle for the independence of the Philippines by the Filipinos; to gather facts relating to the independence of the Philippines* and to organize these Tacts into a history of the independence of the Philippines* 2* Procedure The data for this study were obtained from the united States documentst Cl) The Congressional Records (2) The Senate Executive Documents C3) The House Executive Documents ^ (4) Books and Magazines Items were interpreted in accordance with the meaning of each unit of the data and the content of the problem 11 discussed in these documents* Personal letters were sent to Dr* Camilo Oslas* the Resident Philippine Commissioner at Washington, D* CT** in regard to some definite questions,.
    [Show full text]
  • American Attitude Towards Philippine Independence During President Wilson's Administration
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1951 American Attitude Towards Philippine Independence During President Wilson's Administration Mary Annette Lapinski Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Lapinski, Mary Annette, "American Attitude Towards Philippine Independence During President Wilson's Administration" (1951). Master's Theses. 1095. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1095 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1951 Mary Annette Lapinski .. ' AlIIRICAM AmTUDE TOIARl. PRILIPPIR Im>E~CE OORIIO PImSllJtrrt WILSON'S AmIlIIS'f!tA1'IOJl by Siat.el" IIar7 Annette tapluk1, t'.1., o. s. ,. A Th.a1a Subadtt,ed to t.he facult.y ot the Graduate School of Loyola Uniwra1't,f 111 Partial Pult11lmant of tJ1e ltequ1nmenu tor \be De..... of Kuter of Ana IftROD'OO'1'101' The histoJ'7 of the relation of the GOYeraent of the UD1ted States to the Philippine Islands is perhaps the most interesting experiment in modern lmper1aliSll. It was an exper1unt in preparation for independence. When the United States annexed the Philippine Islands it did so in the pise of a lib­ erator of all oppressed people trom the domination of Spain. The United States proclaimed its intentiOJl to establish coaplete Mlf-government in the Islands atter s short period of tutelage.
    [Show full text]
  • Benito Legarda 1853–1915
    H former members 1900–1946 H Benito Legarda 1853–1915 RESIDENT COMMISSIONER 1907–1912 PROGRESISTA FROM THE PHILIPPINES prominent entrepreneur before entering Congress, Legarda belonged to a class of well-educated Filipinos Benito Legarda served as one of the first Resident commonly called the ilustrados (the enlightened ones), Commissioners from the Philippines. Elected to men who had often grown wealthy and successful under theA U.S. House of Representatives in 1907, Legarda used Spanish rule but who had also challenged the Spanish his vast business experience to influence tariff legislation colonial structure from within. Their status as cultural in an effort to reshape the Philippines’ economy. He was elites may have given the ilustrados more conservative close friends with President William H. Taft—the two first tendencies, but their history as internal reformers enabled met when Taft served as civil governor of the Philippines at men like Legarda to identify with the movement for the turn of the century—and Legarda worked closely with political control that took shape in the 1890s. “They officials from the Bureau of Insular Affairs on a host of emphatically desired reform,” wrote Peter W. Stanley trade issues. While many Filipinos called for independence, in his history of Philippine independence, “particularly Legarda took a more measured approach and believed the guaranteed civil liberties, decentralization of government, island government should first establish consistent sources separation of church and state, and recognition of their of revenue before it sought independence. “He was a man position as leaders in Filipino life.”4 of the highest repute,” Democratic Senator William Stone As a result, when the Philippines went to war with of Missouri said about Legarda, “clear-headed, intelligent, Spain in 1896, Legarda backed the independence forces patriotic, representative, and worthy in every way of the and served as an adviser to General Emilio Aguinaldo.
    [Show full text]
  • Ninth Philippine Legislature Third Session
    Ninth Philippine Legislature Third Session (No. 4120) AN ACT CREATING A NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR TH PROMOTION OF RESEARCH WORK ALONG SCIENTIFIC LINES Be it known by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Legislature assembled and by authority of the same: Section 1. One hundred and fifty prominent scientists and technical men of the Philippine Islands to be selected by the Governor-General with the advice and consent of the Senate, as charter members; and their associates and successors duly chosen are hereby incorporated, constituted, and declared to be a body corporate by the name of National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Section 2. The purposes of this corporation are: (1) In general, to stimulate research in the mathematical, physical and biological sciences, and in the application of these sciences to engineering, agriculture, medicine, and other useful arts, with the objective of increasing knowledge, starting studies of problems of the national defense, and contributing in other ways to the public welfare. (2) To survey the larger possibilities of sciences, to formulate comprehensive projects of research, and develop effective means of utilizing the scientific and technical resources of the country for dealing with these projects. (3) To promote cooperation in research, at home and abroad in order to secure concentration of effort, minimize duplication, and stimulate progress; but in all cooperative undertakings to give encouragement to individual initiative as fundamentally important to the advancement of science. (4) To gather and collate scientific and technical information at home and abroad, in cooperation with governmental and other agencies and to render such information available to duly accredited persons.
    [Show full text]
  • II. Public-No. 127-73Rd Congress
    International Law Studies—Volume 33 International Law Situations The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. Government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College. APPENDIX Il [PUBLio-No. 127-73n CoNGRESs] 1 [H.R. 8573] AN ACT To provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and a form of government for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa­ tives of the United States of Am.erica in Congress assembled, CONVENTION TO FRA:l\IE CONSTITUTION FOR PHILIPPINE ISLANDS SECTION 1. The Philippine Legislature is hereby au­ thorized to provide for the election of delegates to a C('nstitutional convention, which shall meet in the hall of the house of representatives in the capital of the Phil­ ippine Islands, at such tilne as the Philippine Legisla­ ture may fix, but not later than October 1, 1934, to form­ ulate and draft a constitution for the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, subject to the conditions and qualifications prescribed in this Act, which shall exercise jurisdiction over all the territory ceded to the United States by the treaty of peace con­ cluded betwTeen the United States and Spain on the lOth day of December 1898, the boundaries of which are set forth in article III of said treaty, together with those islands embraced in the treaty between Spain and the United States concluded at Washington on the 7th day of ~ ovember 1900.
    [Show full text]
  • “Racism” and Colonialism: Meanings of Difference and Ruling Practices in America’S Pacific Empire
    P1: GCY Qualitative Sociology [quso] PH243-quas-477915 February 9, 2004 11:46 Style file version Nov 28th, 2002 Qualitative Sociology, Vol. 27, No. 1, Spring 2004 (C 2004) “Racism” and Colonialism: Meanings of Difference and Ruling Practices in America’s Pacific Empire Julian Go This article examines the meanings of “race” and difference in the first years of American colonialism in the Philippines, Guam, and Samoa. Moving beyond exist- ing sociological studies of “race” and “colonial discourse,”I demonstrate that the meanings of racial difference in the U.S. Pacific empire were contemporaneously polyvalent, constituting an overarching field of multiple rather than uniform classi- fications. The different meanings formed the basis for intra-imperial debate among colonizing agents. They also contributed to notable variations in forms of colonial governance and policy across the empire. The implication for future study is that “race” should best be apprehended as a “code” that takes on specific meanings and obtains its social force only in particular contexts of use and utterance. KEY WORDS: race; racism; colonialism; empire. ABBREVIATIONS BMP Bernard Moses Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California-Berkeley CE Clarence R. Edwards Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society CTIP United States Congress Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions ERP Elihu Root Papers, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division FP William Cameron Forbes Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University TP Papers of William Howard Taft, United States Library of Congress INTRODUCTION It would seem indisputable that modern colonialism in the early twentieth century involved racism. Indeed, during colonial occupation, colonizing groups Correspondence should be directed to Julian Go, Department of Sociology, University of Illinois, 326 Lincoln Hall, 702 South Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801; e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Governmental Powers in the Philippine
    Distribution of governmental powers in the Philippine Islands; a study of the present government of the Philippine Islands: its structure and the relations of the three branches Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Javier, Juan Y Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 00:35:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553783 DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS A Study of the Present Government of the Philippine Islands: Its Structure and the Relations of the Three Branches, by Juan Y, Javier Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Arizona in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History and Political Science. College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona May 10, 1929. E ? V 9 / / 92.9 /£~ to inr MOTHER, THIS WORK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED 71694 WSE This BamBbript eMeavors to show the presence of tri­ partite division of governmental powers in the present structure of the Philippine Government, as also found in most civilised governments. Despite the belief of many that the separation of powers in the Philippines is as complete as in most governments, it is attempted here to show that the Philippine Autonomy Act does not intend to have the three governmental authorities absolutely inde­ pendent of each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial Senate: American Legislative Debates on Empire, 1898-1917
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2013-09 Imperial senate: American Legislative Debates on Empire, 1898-1917 Sheehan, John M. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37715 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA DISSERTATION IMPERIAL SENATE: AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE DEBATES ON EMPIRE, 1898–1917 by John M. Sheehan September 2013 Dissertation Supervisor: Daniel Moran Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2013 Dissertation 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS IMPERIAL SENATE: AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE DEBATES ON EMPIRE, 1898–1917 6. AUTHOR(S) John M. Sheehan 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roles of Legislators in the Philippine Political System
    The Roles of legislators in the Philippine Political System REMIGIO E. AGPALO Like other parliaments of the Third World, the legislature of the Philippines has gone through traumatic vicissitudes. The first national lawmaking body, the Malolos Congress in 1898 of the Philippine Revolution, was shortlived. It was snuffed out of exist­ ence by the conquering American forces, whose superior arms over­ threw the First Philippine Republic. In 1907, however, it reemerged as the Philippine Assembly. From 1907, the Philippine legislature gradually evolved, adopting different names and taking on various structural forms. From 1916 to 1934, it was bicameral and known as the Philippine Legislature. In 1935-40, it assumed a unicameral structure and became known as the National Asembly. From 1940 to 1972, it became bicameral again, and this time it was called the Congress of the Philippines. In the constitutional convention of 1971, the delegates approved a unicameral legislature, to be called once more as the National Assembly; but it was overtaken by the declaration of martial law on September 21, 1972. A transitional article, therefore, was adopted, providing for an interim National Assembly, which the proposed constitution said was to "exist immediately upon the ratification of this Constitution."1 This constitution was ratified on January 17, 1973 by the people through Citizens' Assemblies. Although the interim National Assembly existed immediately upon the ratification of the Constitution, it never became an operating body because the President, who was authorized to "initially convene" it, did not call the body to convene. As a result, the regular National Assembly, which the new Constitution provided, also could not be established because the interim National Assembly, which was nonoperative, The author is holder of the Manuel Roxas Professional Chair in Political Science, University of the Philippines.
    [Show full text]