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Defusing Conflict in Tsalka District of Georgia: Migration, International Intervention and the Role of the State
Defusing Conflict in Tsalka District of Georgia: Migration, International Intervention and the Role of the State Jonathan Wheatley ECMI Working Paper #36 October 2006 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg Germany +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #36 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Dr. Marc Weller Copyright 2006 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in October 2006 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) ISSN: 1435-9812 2 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................... 4 II. TSALKA DISTRICT: AN OVERVIEW................................................................................................................... 5 ECONOMY AND INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................. 5 DEMOGRAPHY AND MIGRATION ..................................................................................................................................... 8 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE........................................................................................... 11 III. MAIN ARENAS OF CONFLICT IN TSALKA DISTRICT................................................................................ 14 INTER-COMMUNAL CONFLICT AT LOCAL LEVEL -
Distribution: EG: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Burs
Subgenus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 53. L. (Lasius) alienus (Foerster, 1850) Distribution: E.G.: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Bursachili, Gardabani, Grakali, Gudauri, Gveleti, Igoeti, Iraga, Kasristskali, Kavtiskhevi, Kazbegi, Kazreti, Khrami gorge, Kianeti, Kitsnisi, Kojori, Kvishkheti, Lagodekhi Reserve, Larsi, Lekistskali gorge, Luri, Manglisi, Mleta, Mtskheta, Nichbisi, Pantishara, Pasanauri, Poladauri, Saguramo, Sakavre, Samshvilde, Satskhenhesi, Shavimta, Shulaveri, Sighnaghi, Taribana, Tbilisi (Mushtaidi Garden, Tbilisi Botanical Garden), Tetritskaro, Tkemlovani, Tkviavi, Udabno, Zedazeni (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1964a, b, 1966, 1967b, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Abasha, Ajishesi, Akhali Atoni, Anaklia, Anaria, Baghdati, Batumi Botanical Garden, Bichvinta Reserve, Bjineti, Chakvi, Chaladidi, Chakvistskali, Eshera, Grigoreti, Ingiri, Inkiti Lake, Kakhaberi, Khobi, Kobuleti, Kutaisi, Lidzava, Menji, Nakalakebi, Natanebi, Ochamchire, Oni, Poti, Senaki, Sokhumi, Sviri, Tsaishi, Tsalenjikha, Tsesi, Zestaponi, Zugdidi Botanical Garden (Ruzsky, 1905; Karavaiev, 1926; Jijilashvili, 1974b); S.G.: Abastumani, Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Avralo, Bakuriani, Bogdanovka, Borjomi, Dmanisi, Goderdzi Pass, Gogasheni, Kariani, Khanchali Lake, Ota, Paravani Lake, Sapara, Tabatskuri, Trialeti, Tsalka, Zekari Pass (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1967a, 1974a). 54. L. (Lasius) brunneus (Latreille, 1798) Distribution: E.G.: Bolnisi, Gardabani, Kianeti, Kiketi, Manglisi, Pasanauri (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Akhali Atoni, Baghdati, -
Economic Prosperity Initiative
USAID/GEORGIA DO2: Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth October 1, 2011 – September 31, 2012 Gagra Municipal (regional) Infrastructure Development (MID) ABKHAZIA # Municipality Region Project Title Gudauta Rehabilitation of Roads 1 Mtskheta 3.852 km; 11 streets : Mtskheta- : Mtanee Rehabilitation of Roads SOKHUMI : : 1$Mestia : 2 Dushet 2.240 km; 7 streets :: : ::: Rehabilitation of Pushkin Gulripshi : 3 Gori street 0.92 km : Chazhashi B l a c k S e a :%, Rehabilitaion of Gorijvari : 4 Gori Shida Kartli road 1.45 km : Lentekhi Rehabilitation of Nationwide Projects: Ochamchire SAMEGRELO- 5 Kareli Sagholasheni-Dvani 12 km : Highway - DCA Basisbank ZEMO SVANETI RACHA-LECHKHUMI rehabilitaiosn Roads in Oni Etseri - DCA Bank Republic Lia*#*# 6 Oni 2.452 km, 5 streets *#Sachino : KVEMO SVANETI Stepantsminda - DCA Alliance Group 1$ Gali *#Mukhuri Tsageri Shatili %, Racha- *#1$ Tsalenjikha Abari Rehabilitation of Headwork Khvanchkara #0#0 Lechkhumi - DCA Crystal Obuji*#*# *#Khabume # 7 Oni of Drinking Water on Oni for Nakipu 0 Likheti 3 400 individuals - Black Sea Regional Transmission ZUGDIDI1$ *# Chkhorotsku1$*# ]^!( Oni Planning Project (Phase 2) Chitatskaro 1$!( Letsurtsume Bareuli #0 - Georgia Education Management Project (EMP) Akhalkhibula AMBROLAURI %,Tsaishi ]^!( *#Lesichine Martvili - Georgia Primary Education Project (G-Pried) MTSKHETA- Khamiskuri%, Kheta Shua*#Zana 1$ - GNEWRC Partnership Program %, Khorshi Perevi SOUTH MTIANETI Khobi *# *#Eki Khoni Tskaltubo Khresili Tkibuli#0 #0 - HICD Plus #0 ]^1$ OSSETIA 1$ 1$!( Menji *#Dzveli -
2.1.1~2.1.4 95/06/12
Appendices Appendix-1 Member List of the Study Team (1) Field Survey 1. Dr. Yoshiko TSUYUKI Team Leader/ Technical Official, Experts Service Division, Technical Advisor Bureau of International Cooperation International Medical Center of Japan, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 2. Mr. Hideo EGUCHI Security Control Deputy Resident Representative, Planner United Kingdom Office (JICA) 3. Mr. Yoshimasa TAKEMURA Project Coordinator Staff, Second Management Division, Grant Aid Management Department (JICA) 4. Mr. Yoshiharu HIGUCHI Project Manager CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 5. Dr. Tomoyuki KURODA Health Sector Surveyor CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 6. Mr. Hiroshi MORII Equipment Planner CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 7. Mr. Haruo ITO Equipment Planner / CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. Cost and Procurement Planner 8. Ms. Rusudan PIRVELI Interpreter CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. (2) Explanation of Draft Report 1. Dr. Yoshiko TSUYUKI Team Leader/ Technical Official, Experts Service Division, Technical Advisor Bureau of International Cooperation International Medical Center of Japan, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 2. Mr. Yoshimasa TAKEMURA Project Coordinator Staff, Second Management Division, Grant Aid Management Department (JICA) 3. Mr. Yoshiharu HIGUCHI Project Manager CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 4. Mr. Hiroshi MORII Equipment Planner CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 5. Ms. Rusudan PIRVELI Interpreter CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. A-1 Appendix-2 Study Schedule (1) Field Survey No. Date Movement Activities Accommodation 1 Apr. 5 (Sat) Narita→Frankfurt Frankfurt (A) (B) (D) (A) (C) (D) 2 Apr. 6 (Sun) Frankfurt→Baku Baku (A) (C) (D) (A) (C) (D) 3 Apr. 7 (Mon) Baku→A) (C) (D) Visit the Embassy of Japan in Baku Train (A) (C) (D) London→(B) (A) (C) (D) Flight (B) (F) (G) Narita→Vienna→ (F) (G) 4 Apr. -
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Realizing the Urban Potential in Georgia: National Urban Assessment
REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA National Urban Assessment ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA NATIONAL URBAN ASSESSMENT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-352-2 (Print), 978-92-9257-353-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168254 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Realizing the urban potential in Georgia—National urban assessment. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Urban development.2. Georgia.3. National urban assessment, strategy, and road maps. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. This publication was finalized in November 2015 and statistical data used was from the National Statistics Office of Georgia as available at the time on http://www.geostat.ge The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. -
Marabda-Kartsakhi Railway” LLC Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan Highlights
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Fourth Meeting of the Working Group on the Trans-Asian Railway Network Ongoing Railway Large Infrastructural Projects Gogita Gvenetadze Deputy Head of Transport Policy Department Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia 23-24, November, 2015. 1 Bangkok, Thailand Georgia - Country Overview Transport Network of Georgia 3 Objectives and tasks • Georgia’s integration into international transport networks • Improvement of transit potential • Development of logistics facilities and services • Supporting of development multimodal transport systems • Upgrading of transport infrastructure • Improving of safety conditions • Improving of interoperability of transport network Georgian Transport Infrastructure in the International Rankings Quality of Overall Infrastructure Quality of Roads Quality of Railroad Infrastructure Switzerland 1 UAE 1 Japan 1 Turkey 33 Turkey 40 Russia 26 Azerbaijan 47 Georgia 65 Georgia 33 Georgia 54 Azerbaijan 69 Azerbaijan 37 Armenia 61 Armenia 80 Turkey 49 Russia 74 Russia 124 Armenia 68 Libya 144 Timor 144 Albania 104 Quality of Port Infrastructure Quality of air Transport Infrastructure Netherlands 1 Singapore 1 Turkey 57 Turkey 34 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 63 44 Armenia 72 Georgia 67 Russia 79 Russia 81 Georgia 84 Timor 138 Lesotho 144 Source: World Economic Forum, The 2014 Report Large Infrastructural Projects Construction of Baku-Tbilisi-Kars New Railway Modernization Project Railway Line Tbilisi railway bypass Project 6 Construction -
Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia
Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia Jonathan Wheatley ECMI Working Paper #23 February 2005 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #23 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © Copyright 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in February 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction.............................................................................4 II. Background Information........................................................5 Geographical Features and Ethnic Demography......................................................................5 Economy and Infrastructure....................................................................................................7 Local Structures of Administration........................................................................................10 III. Recent Historical Events.....................................................13 IV Actors in the Local Arena....................................................18 The Local Authorities...........................................................................................................18 Ethnic Balance in the Recruitment of Personnel....................................................................19 Political Parties.....................................................................................................................21 -
1 Annex 1 Numbers of Discrimination-Related Criminal, Civil
Annex 1 Numbers of discrimination-related criminal, civil and administrative cases adjudicated by Georgia’s district (city) courts through 2016-2018 Criminal cases In 2016-2018, a convicting judgment under Article 155 of the Criminal Code was rendered in one case involving two individuals. Both individuals received conditional sentences. 14 cases were adjudicated under Article 156 against 16 individuals of whom one person was sentenced to imprisonment, 6 persons received conditional sentences and 8 persons were fined. 1 case was examined under Article 1421 of the Criminal Code involving 10 individuals of whom 2 received imprisonment sentences, 1 person received a conditional sentence, and 7 individuals were acquitted. Case involving 2 persons was deferred to the prosecutor’s office for diversion. Civil cases In the reporting period, 28 civil cases were examined by courts on merits. In 19 cases, the plaintiffs’ claims were upheld in full or in part. Lawsuits in 9 cases were rejected. The courts have discussed and found discrimination in 11 out of these cases. Administrative cases In the reporting period, 6 administrative cases were heard on merits. The courts upheld lawsuits, in full or in part, in 2 cases. In 4 cases, lawsuit claims were rejected. Discrimination was found in 1 case. Annex 2 Information on awareness raising activities on the anti-discrimination legislation conducted by the Training Center of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia In 2016, Training Center of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia conducted trainings on discrimination issues in different regions for 40 groups. In total, 461 individuals participated in the trainings. -
List of Cities and Towns in Georgia (Country)
List of cities and towns in Georgia (country) The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three separate lists for Georgia itself, and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Although not recognized by most countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia are de facto independent since, respectively, 1992 and 1991 and occupied by Russia since 2008 Russo-Georgian War. Contents Cities and towns in Georgia Cities and towns in Georgia Cities and towns in Abkhazia Cities and towns in South Ossetia Future cities and towns See also References Notes Cities and towns in Georgia Cities and towns in Georgia by population size Largest municipalities in Georgia by population Panorama of Tbilisi, capital and largest city in Georgia Batumi, capital of Adjara and second largest city in Georgia Downtown Kutaisi, Georgia's third largest city Square in Rustavi, Georgia's City Hall of Gori, Georgia's fifth largest city fourth largest city This is a list of the cities and towns (Georgian: ქალაქი, k'alak'i) in Georgia, according to the 2014 census data of the Department of Statistics of Georgia.[1] The list does not include the smaller urban-type settlements categorized in Georgia as daba (დაბა). The list also does not include cities and towns in the disputed territories ofAbkhazia and South Ossetia. Population Population Population Administrative Rank Name Name in Georgian 1989 2002 2014 Region 1. Tbilisi თბილისი 1,243,200 1,073,300 1,108,717 Tbilisi (capital region) 2. Batumi ბათუმი 136,900 121,800 152,839 Adjara 3. Kutaisi ქუთაისი 232,500 186,000 147,635 Imereti 4. -
Transnational Cooperation with Third Countries
Transnational cooperation with third countries – LEADER state of play and contacts Introduction According to Article 44 of Regulation (EU) 1305/2013 local action groups from EU Member States can implement “….co-operation projects between territories in several Member States or with territories in third countries (transnational co-operation)” and cooperate with local action groups and “…apart from other local action groups, the partners of a local action group under the EAFRD may be (a) a group of local public and private partners in a rural territory that is implementing a local development strategy within or outside the Union.” This document presents sources of basic information on contacts of local action groups (or groups of local public and private partners in a rural territory that are implementing a local development strategy outside the European Union). It aims to facilitate exchanges between local action groups in EU Member States and non-EU countries. The information presented here is limited to certain IPARD1 and ENPARD2 supported countries with ongoing LEADER initiatives/projects. It has been collected from relevant national ministries (responsible for agriculture/rural development), national rural networks or other relevant sources and will be updated regularly. This document does not in any way represent a substitute for relevant official sources of information. Country information Country EU-funded State of play – LEADER Availability of contacts for local action programme groups Turkey IPARD Turkey has activated the IPARD measure The selected LAGs are in the process of “Implementation of local development strategies – developing a web presence, information LEADER approach” and has selected the first 50 LAGs. -
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