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German History: 1914 to 1990 Monarchist Who Commanded the German Chancellor Von Bismarck Introduced and Kurt Von Schleicher (

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German History: 1914 to 1990 Monarchist Who Commanded the German Chancellor Von Bismarck Introduced and Kurt Von Schleicher ( 10 January 1920 Treaty of Versailles 30 March 1930 World War I is offi cially over, and the Treaty of Versailles enters into force. Presidential cabinet 26 April 1925 Timeline The German Reich and its allies are made solely responsible for the Heinrich Brüning is elect outbreak of the war; Germany is forced to concede territory and make A new president 16 July 1927 forms a presidential cabi reparation payments. To promote world peace, the treaty stipulates the Paul von Hindenburg is elected president have a parliamentary majo founding of an international League of Nations. Money for the unemployed in a run-off election after the death of uses emergency decrees to Friedrich Ebert. In 1932, he is re-elected Unemployment insurance becomes the Two more presidential cab against Adolf Hitler. Hindenburg is a fourth pillar of the German welfare state. under Franz German History: 1914 to 1990 monarchist who commanded the German Chancellor von Bismarck introduced and Kurt von Schleicher ( forces during World War I. He believes in health insurance (1883), accident insurance 1923 Hyperinfl ation the “stab-in-the-back legend”, which (1884) and pensions (1889). 14 August 1919 believes that lack of political support at The value of the Mark falls as the government continues to print home was responsible for the defeat of Weimar Constitution money. Prices explode and supplies become scarce. German forces. 28 July 1914 World War I The Constitutional Convention On 1 November, one loaf of bread costs 192,000,000,000 Mark – triggered by the assassination in Sarajevo (28 June) adopts a democratic constitution. in the city of Kassel. The introduction of the “Debt Security Mark” – 28 July: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia It enters into force on 14 August. on 15 November breaks the cycle of infl ation. 25 October 1929 – 1 August: The German Reich declares war on Russia On 11 February, Friedrich Ebert Black Friday – 3 August: The German Reich declares war on France is elected president in Weimar. – 5 August: Great Britain declares war on Germany after The political parties SPD, DDP Stock prices at the New York Stock German troops invade Belgium and the Centre Party form the Exchange plummet for several days, so-called “Weimar Coalition”. triggering a global economic crisis. Germany is hit especially hard as foreign loans are withdrawn. More than six million people lose their jobs by 1932. World War I 1871–1918: German Empire Weimar Republic 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 9 November 1923 1 February 1917 Submarine warfare Beer Hall Putsch As from 1915, the German Reich repeatedly responds Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff declare a to the British blockade of the Atlantic with submarine 7 November 1917 “national revolution” in Munich and plan to attacks on enemy ships. The USA protest when a organise a march on Berlin. Local police German submarine sinks a British passenger ship October Revolution in Russia 1 December 1925 quickly subdue the uprising. Hitler is later killing 139 American passengers. Following a temporary Treaty of Locarno 10 January 1927 Metropolis Mutinous troops occupy strategic locations in St. Petersburg arrested and sentenced to prison, but is lull, the German Reich resumes unrestricted submarine Premiere of the silent movie “Metropolis” by on 25 October (according to the Russian calendar). released after nine months for “good conduct”. The Treaty of Locarno marks the fi rst steps warfare in 1917, which leads to the entry of the United The government is overthrown and replaced by a Council of the German director Fritz Lang. This science States into the war. towards the normalisation of relations between fi ction movie is now regarded as one of the People’s Commissars under Lenin’s leadership. A bloody Germany and the Allies. All parties agree to civil war rages until the Bolsheviks gain victory with the help most important expressionist works in fi lm respect national borders. In 1926, Germany is history. Critics and audiences at the time of their militia, the Red Army. admitted to the League of Nations (which was did not like it and preferred the increasingly founded in 1920), an international organisation popular movies with sound. The fi rst cinema that aims to maintain world peace. in Berlin opened in 1895. 1925 Bauhaus in Dessau The Bauhaus is founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar as an educational institution for architecture, art, and design. In 1925, it moves to Dessau. 9 November 1918 Declaration of the Republic in Germany On his own initiative, the chancellor Max von Baden announces the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II. At 2 p.m. Philipp Scheidemann (SPD) declares the “Democratic Republic” from a window of the Reichstag. Shortly afterwards, Karl Liebknecht (later KPD) announces the “Socialist Republic” from the Berlin City Palace. Wilhelm II offi cially abdicates on 28 November. 9 November 1938 8 May 1945 German surrender 20 June 1948 10 January 1920 Treaty of Versailles 30 March 1930 1 September 1939 “Night of Broken Glass” 19 April 1943 Ghetto uprising The German Wehrmacht unconditionally Currency reform World War I is offi cially over, and the Treaty of Versailles enters into force. Presidential cabinet 26 April 1925 Attack on Poland surrenders to the allied forces. World War II Timeline The German Reich and its allies are made solely responsible for the The Nazis incite attacks on As from mid-1940, 500,000 Jews from The Deutschmark is intro- Heinrich Brüning is elected chancellor and 20 January 1942 2 in Europe is over. Japan surrenders on outbreak of the war; Germany is forced to concede territory and make A new president Jewish synagogues, houses The guarantor states France and Germany and Poland were forced into a 4 km duced in West Germany. 16 July 1927 forms a presidential cabinet. It does not 2 September, after the explosions of two reparation payments. To promote world peace, the treaty stipulates the and shops throughout Germany. Britain respond to the German Wannsee Conference section of Warsaw. The ghetto serves as a It is replaced by the Euro Paul von Hindenburg is elected president have a parliamentary majority but atomic bombs in Hiroshima (6 August) and founding of an international League of Nations. Money for the unemployed Jewish shops were boycotted invasion of Poland with a decla- collection point for Jews due to be deported in 2002. Every citizen in a run-off election after the death of uses emergency decrees to enact policies. SS commander Heydrich meets as from 1933, and Jewish civil into the death camps. In April 1943, ghetto Nagasaki (9 August). World War II resulted ration of war, which marks the receives forty Mark Friedrich Ebert. In 1932, he is re-elected Unemployment insurance becomes the Two more presidential cabinets follow, senior government and party in an estimated death toll of 50 to 70 million servants were fi red from their beginning of World War ll. On inmates stage an uprising (despite being “bounty”. The currency against Adolf Hitler. Hindenburg is a fourth pillar of the German welfare state. under Franz von Papen (1932) offi cials in a villa on the Wannsee worldwide. jobs. In 1935, the Nazis passed 22 June 1941, Hitler attacks the insuffi ciently armed). It takes the SS until 16 May reform in the Western German History: 1914 to 1990 monarchist who commanded the German Chancellor von Bismarck introduced and Kurt von Schleicher (1932/33). in Berlin to present a plan, already the “Nuremberg race laws”. Soviet Union. The German defeat to subdue the revolt. zones results in the Soviet forces during World War I. He believes in health insurance (1883), accident insurance in implementation, for the exter- in Stalingrad in 1943 marks blockade of Berlin, which the “stab-in-the-back legend”, which (1884) and pensions (1889). 30 January 1933 Nazis assume power 1 August 1936 1923 Hyperinfl ation mination of all European Jews a decisive turning point the Western Allies counter 14 August 1919 believes that lack of political support at Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor by President Hindenburg. Olympic Games in German-held territory. By 1945 The value of the Mark falls as the government continues to print in the war. with the Berlin airlift. home was responsible for the defeat of around six million people had 23 May 1949 German Constitution Weimar Constitution money. Prices explode and supplies become scarce. At dusk, National Socialists celebrate by marching through the From 1 August until 16 August, Berlin German forces. perished in the Holocaust. 28 July 1914 World War I Brandenburg Gate in a torchlight parade. The NSDAP became plays host to the Summer Olympic The “Grundgesetz”, the West German constitution, comes into The Constitutional Convention On 1 November, one loaf of bread costs 192,000,000,000 Mark the strongest parliamentary party in 1932. When Hindenburg Games. The Nazi regime uses the force. It was drafted by the Parliamentary Council (65 electoral – triggered by the assassination in Sarajevo (28 June) adopts a democratic constitution. in the city of Kassel. The introduction of the “Debt Security Mark” dies in 1934, Hitler assumes the presidency as well. event to present itself to the world members, including four women) with the backing of the three – 28 July: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia It enters into force on 14 August. on 15 November breaks the cycle of infl ation. 25 October 1929 as an open and peaceful country. Western allies. Theodor Heuss is sworn into offi ce as German – 1 August: The German Reich declares war on Russia On 11 February, Friedrich Ebert Black Friday The African-American sprinter president on 12 September.
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