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I COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED in HIV and AIDS PREVENTION by MUNGWI DISTRICT AIDS TASK FORCE (D.A.T.F): a CASE STUDY of MUNGWI

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I COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED in HIV and AIDS PREVENTION by MUNGWI DISTRICT AIDS TASK FORCE (D.A.T.F): a CASE STUDY of MUNGWI COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED IN HIV AND AIDS PREVENTION BY MUNGWI DISTRICT AIDS TASK FORCE (D.A.T.F): A CASE STUDY OF MUNGWI RURAL By GERALD KAPUTO A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Zambia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Degree of Master of Communication for Development The University of Zambia ©2011 i I, ...................................................................................., declare that this dissertation: (a) Represents my own work; (b) Has not previously been submitted for a degree at this or any other University; and (c) Does not incorporate any published work or material from another dissertation. Signed: ......................................................................... Date: ............................................................................ ii All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced or stored in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the author or the University of Zambia. iii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This report of ................................................................is approved as fulfilling the partial requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Communication for Development by the University of Zambia. Signed: Date: ............................................................... ............................................ .............................................................. ............................................ .............................................................. ............................................. iv ABSTRACT This research which was undertaken in Mungwi aimed at assessing the communication strategies which the Mungwi District AIDS Task Force has been using to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS in the district. The title of the research is, communication strategies used in HIV and AIDS prevention by the Mungwi District AIDS Task Force (DATF): A Case Study of Mungwi rural. The researcher intended to determine the extent to which Mungwi DATF communication on HIV and AIDS has impacted on people’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviour with regard to HIV and AIDS prevention and if possible provide further recommendations. It is evident enough that the problem of HIV and AIDS has not spared anyone and as such it requires collective efforts to reduce the infection rates to zero. Although both recent reports by UNAIDS and Zambia country report on HIV and AIDS of 2010 indicates signs of success in the fight against the further progression of the HIV and AIDS epidemic as noticed in the reduction in the new HIV infections globally, there is still more work needed to be done because the present formal known HIV prevalence rate estimated at 14.3% is a high figure for Zambia (National AIDS Strategic Framework, 2011-2015, Towards Improving the quality of life of the Zambian people, 2010, p.1). In order to obtain data the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Several other methods were used such as the audience survey, staff survey, focus group interviews, in depth interviews, purposive sampling, cluster sampling, quota sampling and participant observation. The software package for social sciences was used to analyse data and triangulation was used. The results are that there are differences in terms of knowledge on HIV and AIDS between those who live in Mungwi central and those in far distant places. Due to the vastness of the district coupled with little financial resources, Mungwi DATF fails to cover the whole area in its sensitisation pragrammes. It is for this reason that many people in Mungwi rural do not know much about DATF and have not been involved in its programmes. On the other hand, Mungwi DATF staff indicated that they have sensitised some areas on HIV and AIDS through radio programmes, meetings, workshops, events such as world AIDS day commemoration, posters, brochures, pamphlets and popular theatre. Even if this may be the case, much of the information on HIV and AIDS was said to come from other sources like palliative care, health personnel who visit communities providing antenatal services to the pregnant women and during child health week vaccination campaigns. Some of it is tapped from ZNBC radios 1 and 2. The researcher recommends that Mungwi DATF staff should visit and sensitise people on HIV and AIDS. Further recommendations are that Mungwi DATF should make more use of the radio, train more people who in turn would train others, print HIV and AIDS information in the local language on many utensils, involve both traditional and church leadership, produce DVDs on HIV and AIDS and use the internet. v This work is dedicated to my father, the late Mr. Joseph Paulino Musonda Shikaputo whose words of encouragement on issues of academics will always be treasured. (MHSRIP) vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks go to Dr. Elijah Bwalya Mwewa Mutambanshiku who supervised my research work. This work could not have been fruitful had it not been to his scholarly advise and critique. I also thank all the lecturers in the department who shaped me and assisted me to embark on this important exercise. I would also like to extend my gratitude unreservedly by thanking Brian Nonde CMM for assisting me with his computer expertise and for proof reading my work. I cannot also forget to thank Rodrick Bwalya who contributed his broader knowledge to this research work through the use of software package for social sciences (SPSS). My other thanks go to Mr. Peter Ndemena who was in Mungwi as DACA for allowing me to get attached to Mungwi DATF and do my research. I also thank Mr. Paul Muma who took over from him as a new DACA for his support, including Mr. John Kabwe for substantially contributing to my work. I also thank Rev. Dr. Victor Chileshe Mutambalale Shikaputo for all the scholarly literature he supported me with. I thank all the people who took keen interest in my research and participated in it. I am also greatly indebted in my thanks to the Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill, Zambia Province in particular for allowing me to pursue this programme and for financing my Master’s Degree programme at UNZA. For the scholarship I received from Open Society Intiative for Southern Africa (OSISA), I say thank you to you too. May God abundantly bless you all. Reflecting on the many things that God keeps doing for me, I can only conclude by saying, “To God be the Glory”. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title of Dissertation.......................................................................................................................................i Declaration.......................................................................................................................................ii Copyright........................................................................................................................................iii Approval.........................................................................................................................................iv Abstract...........................................................................................................................................v Dedication.......................................................................................................................................vi Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................viii Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ix Abbreviations................................................................................................................................xiii INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ............................................................................................ 6 1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ZAMBIA .............................................................. 6 1.1.1. Location ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.2. Background to HIV and AIDS Policy in Zambia ............................................................. 7 1.1.3. United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) Declaration of Commitments on HIV and AIDS .................................................................................... 10 1.1.4. Policy and Management .................................................................................................. 11 1.1.5. HIV and AIDS Prevalence Rates .................................................................................... 16 1.1.6. Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Zambia ...................................................................... 23 1.1.7. Multiple Concurrent Partners .......................................................................................... 23 1.1.8. Low and Inconsistent Condom Use ................................................................................ 25 1.1.9. Low rates of Male Circumcision..................................................................................... 26 1.1.10. Mobility and Migrant Labour ....................................................................................... 26 1.1.11. Vulnerability and Marginalised Groups.......................................................................
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