DOCSLIB.ORG

Challenges of the Australian Flying Corps During World War I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Challenges of the Australian Flying Corps During World War I BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2021 (Australian): Challenges of the Australian Flying Corps During World War I Patrick Joseph Blizzard Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Blizzard, Patrick Joseph, "(Australian): Challenges of the Australian Flying Corps During World War I" (2021). MSU Graduate Theses. 3688. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3688 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (AUSTRALIAN): CHALLENGES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FLYING CORPS DURING WORLD WAR I A Master’s Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, History By Patrick Joseph Blizzard December 2021 Copyright 2021 by Patrick Joseph Blizzard ii (AUSTRALIAN): CHALLENGES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FLYING CORPS DURING WORLD WAR I History Missouri State University, December 2021 Master of Arts Patrick Joseph Blizzard ABSTRACT The air forces of the Great War faced many challenges. These challenges included integrating air power into established military doctrine and coping with the ever evolving airplane technology. The hurdles identified had to be overcome in order for the belligerent nations to wage a successful aerial campaign and control the skies above both static and dynamic forces. For the members of the Australian Flying Corps, these shared challenges were augmented by being the lone British dominion to operate an independent air arm. But what were these additional challenges and how were they overcome? The goal of this thesis is to explore the unique challenges that faced the AFC, both the organization and the individual men of the corps. The majority of these challenges were the product of Australian nationalist and military goals. These dual goals centered on waging a successful military campaign while at the same time maintaining a distinct dominion identity. In achieving these goals, the dominion sought to raise its standing within the British Empire, a footing on par with that of England. While other nations with an independent air arm sought similar goals to various degrees, none were an imperial possession in the same manner as Australia. Unfortunately for the Australian military and government, these nationalist and military goals were not always compatible and often were at odds with each other. As the majority of the AFC historiography focuses on the combat experiences of the Australian airman, this paper focuses and explores the social and cultural challenges with the Great War as the context and catalyst. While it is impossible to quantify each nation’s unique obstacles, it is safe to assert that in overcoming their cultural and social challenges the AFC faced the one of more challenging paths to achieving its military and cultural goals in the First World War. KEYWORDS: World War I, Australia, Australian Flying Corps, The Great War, aviation iii (AUSTRALIAN): CHALLENGES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FLYING CORPS DURING WORLD I By Patrick Joseph Blizzard A Master’s Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College Of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts, History December 2021 Approved: Sarah Panzer, Ph.D., Thesis Committee Chair Djene Bajalan, Ph.D., Committee Member Angela Hornsby-Gutting, Ph.D., Committee Member Julie Masterson, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College In the interest of academic freedom and the principle of free speech, approval of this thesis indicates the format is acceptable and meets the academic criteria for the discipline as determined by the faculty that constitute the thesis committee. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Sarah Panzer for her support during the course of tackling this project and serving as my Thesis Committee Chair. Her guidance, feedback, and patience were instrumental in making this work becoming a reality. I dedicate this thesis to Melissa, Kaydence, Owen, and Nani. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page 1 Part I: The Corps Chapter 1: “Why the Australian Flying Corps?” Page 9 Chapter 2: Operation and Administration Page 12 Chapter 3: What is in a Name? Page 20 Chapter 4: Point Cook’s ‘Rag-Time Show’ Page 24 Chapter 5: “Intensely British and Absolutely Australian” Page 31 Part II: Military Cultures Chapter 6: Diggers and Airmen Page 43 Chapter 7: Larrikins Page 49 Chapter 8: Swank and Glad Rags Page 57 Chapter 9: The Strictest Formalities Page 64 Part III: Cultures and Society Chapter 10: Aussies and the English People Page 70 Chapter 11: Larrikins and the Peerage Page 80 Chapter 12: The Exotic Australian Page 83 Chapter 13: The Invasion of Gloucestershire Page 88 Chapter 14: Giving Back Page 95 Conclusions Page 104 Bibliography Page 107 vi INTRODUCTION As with all technology, be it the machine gun, tank, or airplane, nations and commanders prepared to fight their current war the ways that proved victorious in the previous war, wars in which these technologies played a minimal if any role. In integrating the airplane into modern warfare, the dominion forces of the Australian military and its Australian Flying Corps (AFC) faced similar problems to those of the other nations, however, its budding nationalism while operating as a British dominion created unique challenges for the AFC. The difficulties facing AFC were unique even among the other British dominions of Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand. The primary reason for the development of an independent flying corps was desire to defend the nation’s borders from Pacific threats.1 With the British Royal Navy protecting a global empire, the Australian military relieved that their home defense would fall on their own shoulders and a way to prepare for the future was an independent air service. Unlike the other dominions, who sent men to England to be trained by and serve in the Royal Flying Corps, the Australian government decided to train their pilots in country and send complete flying squadrons to operate under British direction. The obstacles presented by the development of an independent flying corps were numerous and as the war progressed new hurdles manifested themselves. Despite developing an independent air force the AFC was under the operational control of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in terms of war administration and training. In addition to the operational and training challenges were the nationalist and cultural challenges the AFC and its members faced. Nearly 1 Michael Molkentin, Australia and the War in the Air (Victoria: Oxford University Press, 2014) 9. “Australia’s Danger: Eight Day Sail.” Sydney Morning Herald, December 30, 1911. 1 all of the men who served in the AFC trained at various bases in England and Scotland, often RFC officers were in charge of overseeing this training. The training of Australian men and units in England under British officers, brought with it its own set of problems, namely enduring the British military’s formality and insistency on strict parade ground discipline. Outside of the aspects of military operation, Australia and its men in uniform had dual identities to reconcile, that of an imperial subject and an Australian. As this thesis will show, successfully maintaining these two identities was not always possible. In several ways including recruiting and training, the AFC and the Australian military had to choose between supporting the British and Allied war effort or push their own cultural and nationalist objectives. The challenges discussed in this thesis, both the cultural and administrative, were either the result of or a response to the necessities brought on by seeing the achievement of one or both of these goal. The balance of supporting dual aims was a challenge not only to the military and governmental organizations but also for the individuals that made up the flying corps. The goal of this thesis is to explore the unique challenges that faced the AFC, both the organization and the individual men of the corps. In addition to discussing and identifying these hurdles, this examination will outline the steps taken to overcome these difficulties. Identifying both the challenge and the resolution are just as important today as they were during the Great War, as many of the obstacles are still encountered by today’s modern air forces. Like the AFC, air forces across the globe, including the United States Air Force and Royal Australian Air Force, face the difficulties of operating in a joint service and/or multinational operational environments, as well as interacting with the various cultures they find themselves operating within. Be it the establishment of an aviation training school in Australia or maintaining good relations with the English citizenry, this paper argues that all of the challenges facing the AFC 2 made their path to achieving the dominion’s military and cultural war objectives unique among all the belligerent nations. In examining these challenges and their resolutions, this thesis fills in a gap in the current historiography dealing with the AFC, that is focusing not on the combat of the unit but its nationalist and culture challenges.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Show Publication Content!
    CENTRALNA BIBLIOTEKA WOJSKOWA KOMUNIKAT BIBLIOGRAFICZNY TOM XXXI ROK 1967 ZESZYT 4 PAŹDZIERNIK - GRUDZIEŃ Opracowali dr Wiesław Majewski, mgr Helena Olszewska, mgr Paulina Pakier, mgr Edward Pigoń, mgr Kazimierz Zieliński Pod redakcją mjra mgra Tadeusza Petersona Warszawa 1968 Redaktor Techniczny: Adam Polit Printed in Poland CENTRALNA BIBLIOTEKA WOJSKOWA W a rsz a w a , 1967. W y d a n ie I O b ję to ś ć 16,50 a r k . w y d .. 10,00 a r k . d r u k . Papier ilustracyjny III kl. 90 g. Format 70x100/16. O d d a n o d o s k ła d u 15.11.1968 r. D ru k u k o ń c z o n o w k w ie tn iu 1968 r . Wojskowe Zakłady Graficzne w W-wie. Z a m . 9237. CW-7993G. SPIS RZECZY str. W ykaz przejrzanych czasopism i skróty *ich t y t u ł ó w ............................................ 7 W ykaz przejrzanych b ib lio g ra fii................................................................... 8 Skróty tytułów czasopism, z których wchodzą do KB materiały o treści wojskowej — wybierane z „Bibliografii zawartości czasopism” i wycin­ ków prasow ych „Glob” ...................................................................................................... 9 W ykaz s k r ó tó w .............................................................................................................................10 BIBLIOGRAFIA I. Dział ogólny.................................................................................................................. 12 Bibliografia. Czasopisma. Edytorstwo. Terminologia. Archiwa i muzea w o j s k o w e ....................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Air Service Newsletters 1918
    PROPERTY OF 0.S.'100 ,.,'. ."~''';~ , t"',1.. :1.,•... ,"..A; A/' l .' Of'I:.J~EOF AIR FORCE HISTOR} r-:; .rfiL -:y.t / 1'rOll1 tho if£' .~ lfli"''';;.ewareDeJ;>artment nut:>.orizes the following: Irrespecti ve o f status in the draft, t>e ~Ur Service has been re- opened ro ..' i::lduc tion 0 f :,leC;:18.ni08and. of cand.idat es fo r comcu.ss i.one as " pi lots, bomber-a, observer s an d b8.11ool1ists, z,fter havi ng been. closed EW..oSptfor,a few isolated cLas se s for tile ;?c\st s1::: month s , The fast moving overseas of 2.11' s quad ...~ons, ~?lanes, motors and mate:;'1ial for Junerio8.n airclr<:nnes, fields, and asscl.lb1y :;;>151ts in :i<'rai'lce and E'l1g1and, together with the cOlW,?letion here of 29 flyu-€: :fields, 1200 de Ha'iilar.d 1::>lanes,6000 Mbe:dy motors, 't.l0 parts for ti"le first heavy l1igl:.t bombers, 6pOO trainii'lG planes and 12,500 tro.ini:1C e11c;i11oS,ha s led to the necessity of increasi:'Jg bOt}l tlle coranuas Loned 8:...10. tJJ8 enlis ted ~:~ersonne'l, in 0 rder to m~1nte.in full streng'th in ells count ry and continue t~le nec es sary flow . overseas. As e. r esu l t tl::,e Air Se::,'vice, alone, is now lia Lf as large agD,in as . the whole-,~i1e:dc8.ll )-l":';),y was at ti:e out'bre8Jc of 'Vlar. Ci viJ.iaYts have no t been gi ven an o))orttlni t'~T to ql.lalif;y as :9ilots since last L:ar'cl1.
    [Show full text]
  • American Armies and Battlefields in Europe
    Chapter v1 THE AMERICAN BATTLEFIELDS NORTH OF PARIS chapter gives brief accounts of areas and to all of the American ceme- all American fighting whi ch oc- teries and monuments. This route is Thiscurred on the battle front north of recommended for those who desire to Paris and complete information concern- make an extended automobile tour in the ing the American military cemeteries and region. Starting from Paris, it can be monuments in that general region. The completely covered in four days, allowing military operations which are treated are plenty of time to stop on the way. those of the American lst, 27th, 30th, The accounts of the different operations 33d, 37th, 80th and 91st Divisions and and the descriptions of the American the 6th and 11 th Engineer Regiments. cemeteries and monuments are given in Because of the great distances apart of the order they are reached when following So uthern Encr ance to cb e St. Quentin Can al Tunnel, Near Bellicourc, October 1, 1918 the areas where this fighting occurred no the suggested route. For tbis reason they itinerary is given. Every operation is do not appear in chronological order. described, however, by a brief account Many American units otber tban those illustrated by a sketch. The account and mentioned in this chapter, sucb as avia- sketch together give sufficient information tion, tank, medical, engineer and infantry, to enable the tourist to plan a trip through served behind this part of the front. Their any particular American combat area. services have not been recorded, however, The general map on the next page as the space limitations of tbis chapter indicates a route wbich takes the tourist required that it be limited to those Amer- either int o or cl ose to all of tbese combat ican organizations which actually engaged (371) 372 THE AMERICAN B ATTLEFIELD S NO R TH O F PARIS Suggested Tour of American Battlefields North of Paris __ Miles Ghent ( î 37th and 91st Divisions, Ypres-Lys '"offensive, October 30-November 11, 1918 \ ( N \ 1 80th Division, Somme 1918 Albert 33d Division.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Archives
    FROM THE ARCHIVES THE SCHOOL AND THE RAAF The RAAF had its genesis in the Australian Flying Corps which, in 1914, was an off-shoot of the Australian Imperial Force. In March 1921 it was re-named the Australian Air Force and in June 1921 King George gave permission for it to be named the Royal Australian Air Force. The School and many Past Grammarians have had a long and, at times, tragic association with the RAAF. Four past students flew with the Australian Flying Corps during World War One while 134 male past students and 5 female past students enlisted in the RAAF during World War Two. Of the 134 old boys who joined, 22 were killed, many of them while on a raids over Germany. Between 1942 and 1944 the RAAF took over the school grounds and what is now the Maurie Blank Building was occupied by the WAAF who used the top floor as a control centre for shipping and air movements in the Coral Sea. The School ovals were set aside for the building of barracks to accommodate serving personnel while School House also housed airmen. This article From the Archives will concentrate on the past students who served as pilots during World War One. Alexander Leighton MacNaughton served in Palestine before transferring to England to take command of the 29th Training Corps. He also enlisted in the RAAF in World War Two. John Richard Bartlam spent 1905 at Grammar. Little is known of what he did on leaving school except that his war record states that he was a motor driver before enlisting in late 1915.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the 90 YEARS of the RAAF
    90 YEARS OF THE RAAF - A SNAPSHOT HISTORY 90 YEARS RAAF A SNAPSHOTof theHISTORY 90 YEARS RAAF A SNAPSHOTof theHISTORY © Commonwealth of Australia 2011 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. Disclaimer The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defence, the Royal Australian Air Force or the Government of Australia, or of any other authority referred to in the text. The Commonwealth of Australia will not be legally responsible in contract, tort or otherwise, for any statements made in this document. Release This document is approved for public release. Portions of this document may be quoted or reproduced without permission, provided a standard source credit is included. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry 90 years of the RAAF : a snapshot history / Royal Australian Air Force, Office of Air Force History ; edited by Chris Clark (RAAF Historian). 9781920800567 (pbk.) Australia. Royal Australian Air Force.--History. Air forces--Australia--History. Clark, Chris. Australia. Royal Australian Air Force. Office of Air Force History. Australia. Royal Australian Air Force. Air Power Development Centre. 358.400994 Design and layout by: Owen Gibbons DPSAUG031-11 Published and distributed by: Air Power Development Centre TCC-3, Department of Defence PO Box 7935 CANBERRA BC ACT 2610 AUSTRALIA Telephone: + 61 2 6266 1355 Facsimile: + 61 2 6266 1041 Email: [email protected] Website: www.airforce.gov.au/airpower Chief of Air Force Foreword Throughout 2011, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) has been commemorating the 90th anniversary of its establishment on 31 March 1921.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria Barracks, Melbourne
    Victoria Barracks, Melbourne Imperial Beginnings The Barracks were to first appear on a map of the military reservation dated in 1859, however, construction did not begin Victoria Barracks, fronting the magnificent boulevard of St. until the following year. The progress of the construction of A Kilda Road, stands four-square at the main southern entrance Block was dependent on available funding, although its com- to the city of Melbourne, its heavy bluestone walls loom pletion was clearly a priority with many of those in command. darkly in a formal and imposing military presence. Its original In March 1860, the Deputy Adjutant General's office wrote to purpose was to house the British Imperial garrison troops and the Honourary Commissioner of Public Works stressing its later the Victorian Colonial forces. Following Federation, it importance,'... it is desirable that the Officers Quarters should was to play a central role in the history of Australiais defence, be proceeded with without delay, both as a matter of conve- housing the Defence Department and Army Headquarters for nience and discipline'. some 60 years. More recently it continues to provide accom- modation for elements of the Defence Department, the Army Drawings at the time indicate that the ground floor of the and also the Royal Australian Air Force which has historic ties southern wing, or pavilion, was intended to house field offi- with the Barracks. cers. However, the 'Field Officers' Quarters' appear to have been occupied by the British Commander-in-Chief in By far the most well-known of the buildings on the Australia as a single three-storeyed residence until 1866, when Barracks site is A Block, the frontispiece, which is one of a separate residence in St.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Point Cook RAAF Base
    Victorian Heritage Database place details - 28/9/2021 Former Point Cook RAAF Base Location: Point Cook Road,, POINT COOK VIC 3030 - Property No B5572 Heritage Inventory (HI) Number: Listing Authority: HI Extent of Registration: 1 Statement of Significance: The former Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) base at Point Cook, near Werribee, Victoria, is Australia's oldest operational airfield and one of few pre-WW2 airfields in Australia. As part of its history Point Cook has long been recognised as the birthplace of Australian military aviation (1913), and subsequently of the RAAF (1921). Point Cook was the place where many later personalities in both our military and civil aviation fields first learned to fly, where a number of historic flights in the 1920s began, and where civil aviation itself underwent much of its earliest development. As a national icon, RAAF Point Cook's significance is unequalled. The classification includes all parts of the airbase associated with its RAAF aviation history, including post WW2 development such as the chapel with its aircraft motifs, and c.1960s buildings. This former RAAF Point Cook Air Base, including the airfield and runways, in being recognised as the birthplace of the Royal Australian Air Force and perhaps the oldest and certainly most intact, longest serving military airfield in the world, is of historic, architectural, scientific/technical and social significance at the national and international levels. Architectural: Australia's earliest military aviation buildings located at Point Cook are amongst the world's oldest of this type. The significance of the early Point Cook architecture is reflected in its strong influence on later RAAF buildings in other parts of Australia, which virtually replicate Point Cook's building types.
    [Show full text]
  • Pka S&D 1957 Dec
    LEADERSHIP SCHOOL FOR UNDERGRADUATES College of William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia August 27-30, 1958 Volume LXVII, No. 2 DECEMBER, 1957 T BLE OF CONTE TS FEATURES Page OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE L ew Burdette-Chie[ of the Brave --------------------------------------------- 2 PI KAPPA ALPHA FRATERNITY Founded at the University of Virginia, March Mister Trampoline ---------------------------- - --------------------------- 4 I 1868 by Julian Edward Wood, Littleton Waller ' Tazewell James Benlamin Sclater, Jr., Frederick Southgate lay or, Robertson Dr. Patterson Donates to David o n Fraternities ------------------------ 7 Howard, •nd William Alexander. Alumnus Counselor Conference H eld in Memphis -----------:------~---- 14 This magadne is printed by Democrat Printing & Litho Co., N a tiona! A ward \ 1\1i nners --------------------------------------------------------- 16 114 East Second St., Little Rock, Arkansas State IIKA Directory- ew J er ey, ew ifexico, ew York, The magazine is ma iled without charge to •II members of the fraternity. Please promptly Torth Carolina, and Torth Dakota ---------------------------------- 17 report chaniJtS of addreu-include both old and new addresses. Articles and photographs (black a~d white glony prints) are cordially Scholarship Program Announced ----------------------------------------------------- 37 invited. Permanently Pinned a nd Precious Packages ---------------------------------- 46 Address all communications to: Chapter E tern a 1 ------------------ ---------------------------- ----------------------- 48 ROBERT D. LYNN, Editor, The Shield and Diamond Magazine, 577 Unlveralty, Memphis 12, Tenl)essee CHAPTER NEWS THE SHIELD AND DIAMOND is published four Gamma JO, Delta 42, Eta 41, Xi 6, Omicron 38, Sigma 9, 44; Alpha­ times a year at 114 East Second St., Little Alpha 5, Alpha-Theta 43, Alpha-Iota 45, Alpha-Rho 42, Alpha-Tau Rock, Ark., in September, December, M~ch 11, Alpha-Omega 39, Beta-Zeta 47, Beta-Kappa 47, Beta-Lambda 44, and june by the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity.
    [Show full text]
  • Dec 05I.Indd
    January 2006 No.30 ISSN 1039 - 5180 From the Director NT History Grants Welcome to the fi rst Records Territory for 2006. 2005 was the year The grants scheme provides an annual series of fi nancial grants of systems as we implemented a new archives management to encourage and support the work of researchers who are system and managed the upgrade of the document and records recording and writing about Northern Territory history. management system across the Government. Details of successful History Grant recipients for 2005 and Focus on the systems will continue in 2006 as we continue to completed projects from other history grant recipients can be populate the archives management system with information found on page 3. about our archives collections and holdings, and we will be determining the future model for delivery of the document and Please contact Cathy Flint (contact details are on the back of this records management system for Government agencies. newsletter) if you have any queries relating to the grants. In this issue we report on various outcomes from the NT History We congratulate Pearl Ogden, a history grant recipient in Grants program, and we review the wanderings of some of 2004, for the completion of her research on the people of the our staff promoting oral history services and the Alice Springs Victoria River region. archives. We provide a snapshot of the range of fascinating archives collections which have been accessioned over the past few months in Darwin and Alice Springs, and I trust you will enjoy our spotlight on aviation history Flying High.
    [Show full text]
  • The Advent of No. 1 Squadron
    CHAPTER I11 THE hllDDLE EAST-ADVENT OF NO. 1 SQUADRON IT became tlie custoni of the people, and even of the authorities, in Britain to refer to all operations in which British troops were engaged, in theatres of war other than France and Belgium, as “ side-shows.” In a sense they were such, and certainly they were for the greater part of the war treated as of secondary iniportance in the matter of equipment ~ and reinforcements. The Germans also regarded the Turkish theatre in much the same light. Both sides believed, and rightly, that the decision on the Western Front in France would settle tlie issues on all other fields. At least on the British side the lot of the troops who were engaged in “the side- shows ” was probably harder than that of those on the main f ront-harder, because supplies and equipment were generally inferior or insufficient, because soldiers’ home leave was almost unknown, and because, as the war lengthened out, commanders on niinor fronts were liable to be hampered and thwarted indefinitely by the demands of “ the general strategical situation.” The Palestine campaign-perhaps the most important of all tlie Allies’ minor-f ront campaigns-was carried to its brilliantly successful conclusion after bitter experience of niuddle, wasted energy, false moves, and inefficient support of earlier operations in the Near East. In 1915the British Army learned its hard lesson in the Gallipoli Peninsula and in hlesopotaniia. By early 1916 the only relief in the sonilre disillusion of the nation was the splendid heart of the men who fought and suffered and died and in part somehow survived in those badly organised ventures.
    [Show full text]
  • How Huge U. S. Navy Guns Mounted on Railway Cars
    PalaLIJHEDDAILr under order of THE PREXIDENT of THE UNITED STATES by COMMITTEE on PUBLIC INFORMATION GEORGE CREEL, ChairmaA * * COMPLETE Record of U. S. GOVERNMENT Activities VoL. 2 WASHINGTON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1918. No. 447 REPORT AGAINST WAGE INCREASE TWELVE FOE AIRCRAFT DOWNED HOW HUGE U.S. NAVY GUNS FOR BITUMINOUS COAL MINERS BY II.S. FLYERS IN13 DAYS MOUNTED ON RAILWAY CARS MADE TO FUEL ADMINISTRATOR The War Department authorizes the . following: ARE NOW HURLING SHELLS HELD NOT WARRANTED AT PRESENT Eleven enemy airplanes and one hos- tile balloon were brought down by Ameri- can aviators brigaded -lth the British FAR BEHIND GERMAN LINES "Uncalled for as Part of the Plan during the period from September 9 to September 22, inclusive, and five Ameri- of Stabilization" Says Telegram can aviators were awarded the British BAN OFSECRECYLIFTED Sent President Hayes of United distinguished flying cross, according to the latest Royal Flying Corps commu- BYSECRETARYDANIELS Mine Workers of America. niques just received here. Received Special Mention. Special Cars and Locomo- Bituminous mine workers under agree- ment with the Government to continue Special mention was made as follows: tives Were Built in This " Lieut. G. A. Vaughn, while on offen- operations at the existing scale until the Country - Largest Can- end of the war or for a period of two sive patrol. was engaged by about 15 en- years were notified on Friday by United emy airplanes, one of which, which was at- non Ever Placed on Mobile States Fuel Administrator Harry A. Gar- tacking a flight of our machines he dived field that existing information does not on and shot down in flames.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Australian Infantry Division (1941-42)
    14 January 2019 [9 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY DIVISION (1940 – 42)] th 9 Australian Infantry Division (1) Advanced Headquarters, 9th Australian Division, Signals & Employment Platoon Rear Headquarters, 9th Australian Division & Signals th 20 Australian Infantry Brigade (2) Headquarters, 20th Australian Infantry Brigade, ‘J’ Section Signals & 58th Light Aid Detachment 2nd/13th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/15th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/17th Australian Infantry Battalion 20th Australian Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company 24th Australian Infantry Brigade Headquarters, 24th Australian Infantry Brigade, ‘J’ Section Signals & 76th Light Aid Detachment 2nd/28th Australian Infantry Battalion nd nd 2 /32 Australian Infantry Battalion (3) 2nd/43rd Australian Infantry Battalion 24th Australian Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company 26th Australian Infantry Brigade Headquarters, 26th Australian Infantry Brigade, ‘J’ Section Signals & 78th Light Aid Detachment 2nd/23rd Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/24th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/48th Australian Infantry Battalion 26th Australian Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company Divisional Troops th 9 Australian Divisional Cavalry Regiment (3) 82nd Light Aid Detachment nd nd 2 /2 Australian Machine Gun Battalion (3) © w w w . BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 14 January 2019 [9 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY DIVISION (1940 – 42)] th Headquarters, Royal Australian Artillery, 9 Australian Division 2nd/7th Australian Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery 2nd/8th Australian Field Regiment, Royal Australian
    [Show full text]