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SCHEDULE OF LAND PURCHASES AND NATIVE RESERVES 1839-1860

Janine Ford Waitangi Tribunal Division 26 April 1991 1

CONTENTS

The following report contains a schedule of the land purchases and native reserves made in Taranaki, 1839- 1860. It includes:- A. An explanation of the sources used to compile the information B. A summary of the purchases and native reserves C. A more detailed schedule of the purchases and native reserves D. A summary of the research E. Bibliography 2 A. EXPLANATION OF SOURCES

The following information has been collected from a variety of sources. 1. Original deeds of purchase - held by DOSLI Head Office, usually written in Maori, some are accompanied by plans., 2. Copies of deeds of purchase - copied in Turton's in English and Maori, some are accompanied by plans. 3. Original Crown grants - held by DOSLI Head Office, not always the same as Turton's copy, accompanied by plans. 4. Statutory maps - held by National Archives. According to the map titles, these are of maps of purchases. The information on them, however, is not always the same as that contained in the, original deeds, Turton's copies or original Crown grants. 5. ,MA-MLP 6/1, A Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881 - held at National Archives 6. Block Order File - held at Maori Land Court, Wanganui. 7. Personal papers of McLean - held at the Alexander Turnbull Library. 8. NZ Gazettes 3

B. SUMMARY OF PURCHASES AND NATIVE RESERVES, TARANAKI 1839- 1860

* Indicates the original deeds were written in Maori, English translations were not appended. From my understanding, acreage was not given and provision for reserves was not made. May require expert translation.

BLOCK NAME DATE OF SALE ACRES SOLD RESERVES a. Early Purchases - Later Abandoned

1. Cook 25 Oct 1839 not clear in "a portion of Strait copy of deed the land" was reserved in copy of deed

2. Taranaki 8 Nov 1839 " " 3. Whanga­ 16 Nov 1839 " " nui

4. Ngamotu 15 Feb 1840 " "

b. Purchases 1844-1860

1. Fitzroy 28 Nov 1844 not given in retention of original "pas, deed, later cultivations, Crown Grant burial places shows 3500 and reserves" acres in original deed - extent not defined. Lands and Survey Statu­ tory map shows 262.1.0 acres total (by my calculations this should be 265.1. 0 acres) 4

2. Tatarai­ 11 May 1847 not given in no reference maka copy of deed, to reserves later Crown in copy of Grant shows deed 4000 acres, Parsonson reports 3500 acres. Lands and Statutory map shows 3560 acres purchased in 1847 and 500 acres pur­ chased in 1849

3. Ornata 30 Aug 1847 not given in no reference original to reserves deed*, later in original Crown Grant deed*, Lands shows 12,000 and Survey acres more or Statutory less map shows "371 acres - public native reserve" and "10 acres - reserve occupied by natives", I will conclude 381 acres total

4. Grey 11 Oct 1847 not given in lands of 910 original acres total deed*, Crown were reserved Grant shows in original 9770 acres deed*, Lands more or less and Survey Statu- tory map shows 1100 acres

5. land 24 Nov 1848 not given in no reference near Te original to reserves Hua deed*, later in original Crown Grant deed*, Crown shows 70 Grant shows 5 acres more or acres more or less less 5

6. Bell 29 Nov 1848 copy of deed reference to shows 1500 a reserve in acres original deed*, acres not shown

7. Waiwakai 24 Aug 1853 not given in i' some places -ho copy of deed are to be reserved" - not shown in copy of deed, accompanying map not yet found

8. Hua 3 March 1854 not given in 4 reserves of original 250 acres deed, Parson­ total in son reports original deed 12-14,000 acres

9. Taruru­ 25 Feb 1859 copy of deed original deed tangi shows 14,000 not found. acres Govt Gazette does not mention reserves

10. Pekapeka 24 Feb 1860 not given in no reference original to reserves deed, but map in original with original deed deed shows 900 acres and copy of deed shows 900 acres

11. Waitota­ 4 July 1863 not given in 7 reserves - ra-Okehu copy of deed 6052 acres total in copy of deed (included here because transactions initiated in 1859) 6

C. SCHEDULE OF TARANAKI PURCHASES AND NATIVE RESERVES, 1844- 1860 The early purchases of the Company were abandoned after the Commissioner of Lands' inquiry into the land titles. This schedule begins with the Fitzroy block purchase, 1844.

The schedule shows:

1. Extent of the land purchased. 2. Reserves made and extent. 3. Iwi/hapu. 4. Number of signatures to the deeds of purchase. * Indicates the original deeds were written in Maori, English translations were not appended. From my understanding, acreage was not given and provision for reserves was not made. May require expert translation.

1. FITZROY

DATE PURCHASED: 28 November 1844 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Ngamotu NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 83 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed, later Crown Grant shows "3500 acres more or less" RESERVES MADE: retention of "pas, cultivations, burial places and reserves" in original deed

Two original deeds of purchase were signed for the Fitzroy block. The above was signed in Taranaki, the second was signed in Wellington on 12 April 1848. The above original deed of purchase does not define the extent of the purchase. The later Crown Grant shows 3500 acres. The original deed of purchase does not define native reserves beyond the above and there was no map with the deed to show the reserves. However, a Crown Grant for the Fitzroy block to the NZ Company, issued on the 8 April 1850, has an accompanying map that clearly marks 19 native reserves (shown as native reserves Nos. 7-25). On a Lands and Survey Statutory map 22 reserves are shown:

Native Reserve Acreage

1 66.0.0 reserved for Rangikapuoho & son 2 1. 0.0 3 0.2.0 4 3.2.0 7 5 9.0.0 6 1. 0.0 7 7.0.0 8 4.0.0 9 0.2.0 10 14.0.0 11 3.0.0 12 10.0.0 13 17.0.0 14 1. 0.0 15 0.3.0 16 30.0.0 17 41.0.0 18 9.0.0 19 4.0.0 ------219.1.0 (By my calculations this is wrong and should be 222.1.0 acres) 20 18.0.0 reserved for 5 years 21 19.0.0 reserved for 5 years 22 6.0.0 reserved for 5 years 262.1.0 (By my calculations this is wrong and should be 265.1.0 acres)

The 3 reserves set aside for 5 years could be the difference between the 22 reserves of the Statutory map and the 19 reserves of the Crown Grant.

SOURCE OF DEED: Original deed of purchase (Deed No.3, Taranaki), DOSLI, Head Office. Original deed of purchase (Deed No.4, Wellington), DOSLI, Head Office Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878 Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 7, Map of the Block of Land Sold to the New Zealand Company by Natives of the District of Taranaki under Sanction of His Excellency the Governor of New Zealand, as appears from the Deed of Sale of such land, date this 28th day of November 1844, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives. 8

2 . TATARAIMAKA

DATE PURCHASED: 11 May 1847 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Taranaki NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 16 EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in copy of deed, later Crown Grant shows 4000 acres more or less. Parsonson reports 3500 acres. Lands and Survey Statutory map shows "3560 acres purchased in May 1847 and 500 acres purchased in 1849 - estimated at 4060 acres" total RESERVES MADE: no reference to native reserves in copy of deed

DOSLI Head Office and District Office do not hold the original deed of purchase. A Crown Grant for the Tataraimaka block to the New Zealand Company, issued on the 8 April 1850, shows "4000 acres more or less". It shows no native reserves, nor does Turton's copy of the deed. In addition, a Lands and Survey Statutory map shows Tataraimaka block with no reserves. This same map shows 3560 acres were purchased in May 1847 and 500 acres were purchased in 1849, with the total acreage purchased estimated to be 4060 acres.

SOURCE OF DEED: Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2.· Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 5, Map of the Settlement of New Plymouth Showing the Land Purchased from Natives in 1847 by McLean under Instructions from His Excellency Governor Grey, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives.

3.

DATE PURCHASED: 30 August 1847 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Taranaki NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 66 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed*, later Crown Grant shows "12,000 acres more or less" RESERVES MADE: no reference to native reserves in original deed*

The original deed does not define the extent of the 9 purchase, but a later Crown Grant shows "12,000 acres more or less". The original Deed does not show native reserves and nor does the map with the Deed. However, in a Lands and Survey Statutory map the following 4 reserves are shown: Native Reserve Acreage

1 371 Public Native Reserve 2 10 occupied by Natives 3 12 a large pa reserved for government 4 10 reserved for government

From this, I understand the native reserves to be native reserve Nos. 1 and 2, the native reserves. totalling 381 acres. In the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, this block of land is referred to as the Taranaki block.

SOURCE OF DEED: Original deed of purchase (Deed No.2), DOSLI Head Office. Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 5, Map of the Settlement of New Plymouth Showing the Land Purchased from Native in 1847 by McLean under Instructions from His Excellency Governor Grey, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives.

4. GREY

DATE OF PURCHASE: 11 October 1847 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Ngamotu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 28 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed*, later Crown Grant shows "9770 acres more or less" RESERVES MADE: lands of 910 acres total were reserved in original deed*

Two deeds were signed for the Grey block. The above was signed in Taranaki, the second was signed in Wellington on 12 April 1848. The original deed above does not define the extent of the deed of purchase, but a later Crown Grant shows "9770 acres more or less". These are the reserves that were surveyed and are noted as such in the original deed of purchase: 10 Native Reserve Acreage

1 200 at 2 250 at Rotokai 3 460 at Waiwakaiho A map accompanies the deed showing these Native Reserves. However, both the deed and its map differ with a Lands and Survey Statutory map on which is written . "the land within the [Grey Block] contains 9770 acres out of which the following reserves are made for the Natives: Native Reserve Acreage 1 200 2 350 3 560 4 50 1,100" (By my calculations this is wrong and should be 1,160 acres) SOURCE OF DEED: Original deed of purchase (Deed No.8, Taranaki), DOSLI, Head Office. Original deed of purchase (Deed No.4, Wellington), DOSLI, Head Office. Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 5, Map of the Settlement of New Plymouth Showing the Land Purchased from Natives in 1847 by McLean under Statutory Instructions from His Excellency Governor Grey, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives.

5 • LAND NEAR TE HUA [COOKE'S FARM] DATE OF PURCHASE: 25 November 1848 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 11 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed* RESERVES MADE: no reference to native reserves in original deed*

The extent of the purchase and the native reserves is not mentioned in the original deed of purchase. However, on an accompanying map to the original deed, the reserve of Ruatangata is shown. In the Crown Grant issued for this 11

land on 20 April 1850, the Ruatangata reserve is shown to be 5 acres in the Hua block of 70 acres. By an order of the New Plymouth Native Land Court on 4 March 1887, Charles Sampson of the Bell Block became owner of the Ruatangata Native reserve and a grant was to be made by the Crown for an estate in fee simple. NB This block is not to be confused with the Hua block purchased on 3 March 1854 - they involve two different blocks of land. In the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844- 1881, this block of land is referred to as Cooke's Section or the cattle station at the Hua.

SOURCE OF DEED: Original deed of purchase (Deed No.7), DOSLI, Head Office. Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 37), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. TAR 34 Ruatangata, Block Order File, Maori Land Court, Wanganui. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives

6. BELL

DATE PURCHASED: 29 November 1848 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 76 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed*, copy of deed shows 1500 acres RESERVES MADE: reference to a reserve in copy of deed

The original deed is written in Maori only, and as far as I can tell, does not define the extent of the purchase. Turton's copy of the deed, however, shows 1500 acres. A native reserve was set aside in the copy of the deed. This reserve is shown on the map that accompanies the original deed. However, the acreage is not given. In the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, this block of land is referred to as the Puketapu block.

SOURCES: Or-iginal deed of purchase (Deed No.5), DOSLI, Heaphy House. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. 12 7 . WAIWAKAIHO DATE PURCHASED: 24 August 1853 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 315 EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in copy of deed RESERVES MADE: reference to some places of land to be reserved in copy of deed

From my understanding, the Waiwakaiho Block was negotiated with the Te Ati Awa Maori in.both New Plymouth and Wellington. Negotiations began in Wellington for a block of land that was later sold in two blocks (the Hua and Waiwakaiho blocks - see Turton's copies of deeds) by the Puketapu in New Plymouth. The deed of purchase of 24 August 1853 was for the Waiwakaiho block, sold by the Puketapu at New Plymouth (the original deed and map were not found at DOSLI Head Office - a copy of the deed was found in the McLean papers and in MA-MLP 6/1 Book of Deeds). According to the deed, the lands to be reserved for the Maori were to be immediately written in the colour red upon the map at the completion of the survey. Signatures were not attached to the deed, it was merely noted that it was "signed by 315 natives." A copy of this map needs to be located to delineate these reserves. The Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, shows 318 signatures (approximate count). A deed of purchase was later signed in Wellington in January 1854 for a larger block of land than that sold in New Plymouth. (See Turton's copies.)

SOURCE OF DEED: Copy of Deed of Purchase of Waiwakaiho Block, McLean Papers, MS 32, Folder 4 (19). Translation of original deed in Maori by Lyndsay Head, Department of Maori, University of Canterbury. MA-MLP 6/1, Books of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay.

8. HUA

DATE PURCHASED: 3 March 1854 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Puketapu and Ngamotu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 129 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed, Parsonson reports 12,OOD-14,OOO acres 13

RESERVES MADE: 4 reserves were made (total 250 acres.) in original deed

The English translation of the original deed is dated 19 March 1856. The original deed of purchase shows the following reserves were made:

1. at Paraiti 50 acres 2. at the Hua 100 acres 3. at Tapuirau 50 acres 4. at Upokotauaki 50 acres

" ... these being the only portions which we may require for cultivation we will purchase them when this land has been surveyed the regulations under which we shall purchase these lands is to be at the rate of 10 shillings per acre ... " The Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881 shows exactly 127 signatures to the copy of the deed.

SOURCE OF DEED: Original deed of purchase (Deed No.6), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878,Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives

9. TARURUTANGI

DATE OF PURCHASE: 25 February 1859 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 162 (approximate count) EXTENT OF PURCHASE: copy of deed shows 14,000 acres RESERVES MADE: no reference to reserves in copy of deed

The original deed of purchase is not held at DOSLI Head Office or Office. A copy of this deed of purchase is not found in Turton's copies of deeds. However the purchase was .notified in the Taranaki Provincial Government Gazette 1858-1862. It was also included in the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881. The date given for the purchase in the Book of Deeds is 4 January 1859 - this differs from that given in the Gazette notice. The Book of Deeds notes 162 signatures to the deed (approximate).

SOURCE OF DEED: Taranaki Provincial Government Gazette 1858-1862, No.8, 9 April 1859, p. 31. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives.

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10 . PEKAPEKA

DATE OF PURCHASE: 24 February 1860 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 20 EXTENT OF PURCHASE: boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed, Turton's copy shows 900 acres RESERVES MADE: no reference to reserves in original deed The original deed of purchase does not define the extent of the purchase, although the accompanying map to the deed shows "about 900 acres". Turton's copy shows 900 acres also. Neither the original deed nor Turton's copy mentions native reserves.

SOURCE OF DEED: Original deed of purchase (Deed No. 15), DOSLI, Head Office Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand, 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Bay.

11 . WAITOTARA DATE OF PURCHASE: 11 May 1859 and 4 July 1863 IWI PURCHASED FROM: Ngatiruanui, yet to be researched NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: unknown as yet EXTENT OF PURCHASE: unknown as yet RESERVES MADE: 7 reserves of total 6052 acres in copy of deed

The original deed of purchase is not held by DOSLI Head Office. Further research is required. Turton's copy of the deed shows the transactions for the Waitotara block were initiated in 1859 and completed in 1863. The deed of purchase was signed in 1863 by 32 Maori (Turton's copy). Enclosed with this deed of purchase is a copy of a receipt of payment for the first instalment signed in 1859. In the 1863 copy of deed of purchase the following 7 reserves were made:

1. Okehu - 380 acres 2. Pakaraka - 3,300 acres 3. Nukumaru - 1,223 acres 4. Maneene - 58 acres 5. Maraetoa - 29 acres 6. Perekama - 925 acres 7. Auroa - 137 acres 15

A Lands and Survey Statutory map shows the same except the acreage of native reserves. Nos. 3 and 6 are not shown. ( SOURCE OF DEED: Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand, 1878 Vol 2. Provinces of Wellington, Taranaki, Hawkes Bay. AAFV 997 W 15 Plan of the Waitotara Block, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives. 16 D. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH

The deeds and maps are not always clear and consistent in ! their detail of the purchases and native reserves.

However, the evidence shows the purchasing of Taranaki land between 1839-1860 was concentrated and consistent. By 1859, most of the Maori land north of the present site of New Plymouth had been purchased from Te Ati Awa. Some Maori land had been purchased south of New Plymouth from Taranaki Maori. From 1844-1860, 11 blocks of land were purchased.

Concurrent to the continual settler pressure for land, lands reserved for Maori sellers fell short of the one­ tenth principle established by the New Zealand Company.1 In.all the purchases the land reserved was less than 10 percent and in some purchases no reserves were made at all. The following table considers the native reserves and the percentage of the land reserved to that sold.

BLOCK NAME ACRES SOLD RESERVES PERCENTAGE RESERVED

1. Fitzroy 3500 acres 262.1.0 7.5% appro x (Crown Grant) acres(Lands and Survey Statutory map)

2. Tatarai­ 4000 acres no reserves no reserves maka appro x (Crown (copy of deed) Grant and Lands and Survey Statutory map)

3. Ornata 12,000 acres 403 acres 3% approx (Crown Grant) (Lands and Survey Statutory map)

4. Grey 9770 acres 910 (original 9.3% approx (Crown Grant) deed)

5. land near 70 acres (Crown 5 acres (Crown 7% approx Te Hua Grant) Grant)

Appendices to the Twelfth Report of the New Zealand Company, 1844, F No.1. Instructions to Colonel Wakefield, Principal Agent of the Company, May 1839 (Extract) . 17

6. Bell 1500 acres reserve made unknown (copy of deed) but acreage not given (copy of deed)

7. Waiwakai­ not given in reserves made unknown ho copy of deed but acreage not given (copy of deed)

8. Hua 12-14,000 acres 250 acres 2% approx (Parsonson) (original deed)

9. Taruru­ 14,000 acres no reference to no reserves tangi (Gazette) reserves (Gazette) .

10. Pekapeka 900 acres (copy no reference to no reserves of deed) reserves (original deed) 11. Waitota­ further 6052 acres unknown as yet ra-Okehu research (copy of deed) required 18

E. BIBLIOGRAPHY

/ Primary Sources:

Unpublished: A collection of original deeds of purchase held at DOSLI, Head Office. A collection of original Crown Grants held at DOSLI, Head Office. Lands and Survey Statutory Maps, National Archives. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki, 1844-1881, National Archives. TAR 34 Ruatangata, Block Order File, Maori Land Court, Wanganui McLean papers, MS 32, Alexander Turnbull Library. Published:

Taranaki Provincial Government Gazette, 1858-1862. Turton, H H, Maori Deed of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand, 1878 Vol 2. Provinces of Wellington, Taranaki, Hawkes Bay. ( copies) Secondary Sources:

Parsonson, A R, The Purchase of Maori Land in Taranaki 1839-1859, Background Papers to the Raupatu Claims (Taranaki), Report No. I, February 1990. Sorrenson, M P K, The Purchase of Maori Lands, 1865- 1892, MA thesis, University of Auckland, 1955. Ward, A A Show of Justice, Racial 'Amalgamation' in Nineteenth Century New Zealand, Auckland University Press, 1973.

Janine Ford