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New Zealand Settlers and Soldiers; Or the War in Taranaki: Being

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New Zealand Settlers and Soldiers; Or the War in Taranaki: Being Ml i^i i^i mi <I:?130NVS01V^ '^Aa]AIN(1]\\V* ^AaVMn-i^^ ^<?A8V«8Il-# ,\\ElNlvn?J'/y) -s^lllBRARYQr ^5^l•llBRARY•^/• ^ ^— ^ i>3 o "^ajAiNnjwv" ^.ifOJIlVDJO^ ^tfOJIWDJO'^ vMEUNIVEW/4 ^lOSANCflfj-^ ^OFCAllFOff^ ^OFCAllfOM^ OS -< m m^DKVSOl^ %a3AiNn-3V^^ >&Aav«8n# >&AavaaiiT^ M-UBRARYO^ -^lUBRARYQr^ ^^\\f•UNIVEl?5/4 ^lOSANCEl^^ "itfOJIWJJO^ '^<!fOJnVJ-JO'«^ <riH3NVS01^ '^/S83AINn3WV' OFCAllFOff^ ^OFCAllF0«ij>^ A\\EIINIVER5/A v5<lOSANCElfj> o %iaDNVS01^ %a]AlNfl-3ttV J\EUNIVER% ^lOSANCnfj-^ ^IIIBRARY^/^ -5^lllBRARY(?/^ f '^a3AIN(l-3\\V^ '^tfOJIlVDJO'^ ^OJITVDJO'f^ MEUNIVERI/A ^lOSANCElfj}> ^OFCAllFOff^ ^OFCAllFOff^ ^^ I iiutinn 1V^ '^'•/f\ I iiwunn ^\!^i> V^J//j ^lUBRAr- i = .< VIS > rsov^ %a3AINn]\\V** '^•^ojitv^jo'^ ^ojiivdjo'^^ VfRV/^ ^lOSANCrifx^ ^OFCAIIFOM^ ^OF-CAUFOI?^ f-sov"<^ "^/yaaAiNrtJWV^ ^lOSANCflfJ^ (\ <ril33NVSO]=^ "^iJaJAINfllWV .IFO%^ ^OFCAlIFOff^ ^•lOSANCn^^ R -^'j ^TTiinw-SOl^ "^/iJHAiNn-awv \ ^^-^ ^141BRARY<?/. s .1 -n V-» =3 rsoi^ "^saaAiNflJWV^ ^tfojnvDJo'^ VER5'/A. ^lOSANCEUfy. ^OFCAllFOff^ ^OFCAllFOftte Q ^ § 3 5» p "^AHlMNnitf^ J^<7AHVHflnT^ : NEW ZEALAND SETTLERS AND SOLDIERS; OR, %\i War m S^araaM: INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF A SETTLER. BY REV. THOMAS GILBERT, FORJIEHLY PASTOK OF riFE GENERAL BAPTIST CHURCH, DITCHLTNG, SUSSEX. LONDON A. W. BENNETT, 5, BISHOPSGATE WITHOUT; HOULSTON AND WRIGHT, 65, PATERNOSTER ROW. 18(il. r-r'^11 PREFACE. The following pages have been written under the pressure of a sorrowful and heavy heart, amidst difficulties to which it is not now neces- sary more particularly to allude. I trust I shall be undei'stood when I say I have no other desire than to show (however imperfectly I have fulfilled my task) the im- policy as well as the unchristian character of all war. And this little narrative, taken in connexion with what it may now be presumed is well known of the manner in which the war in Taranaki has been carried on, will only afford another proof that as a nation we have yet to learn the true spirit of the Great Teacher, who said, '* If my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight." 1491409 IV PREFACE. I have studied simplicity and accuracy more than originality in my statements of facts and ; if my reflections seem somewhat complaining, I must throw myself on the candour and kind- ness of my readers. I have to acknowledge my ohligations to an English gentleman, and to Miss Nicholson (a lady in the Kev. H. Brown's family), for the accompanying sketches. That the hlessing of God may attend this little book—that it may not wholly miss its object—but that it may help in some small measure to put the general mind in action, under the pressure of the present " loar spirit" to think righteously and soberly of the real genius of Christianity; and be influenced by its guidance " to follow peace with all men," is the sincere wish of the Author, THOMAS GILBEET. Nelson, New Zealand, November 10th, 1860. SETTLEES AND SOLDIERS, &C., &G. Taeanaki is the native name given to a small settlement in the colony of New Zealand. It was formerly termed New Plymouth; but the town alone now goes by that name. Its settlement took place in the early part of the year 1841, under the auspices of a branch of the New Zealand Company, which was established in New Plymouth. It is the richest and best province in the colony for all agricultural pui'poses, and comprises an extent of country so famed for its fertility, that it was long called the garden of New Zealand. " It contains nearly 2,200,000 acres, of which about 300,000 form a belt of the richest arable soil in the colony, extending along a coast- B 2 SETTLERS AND SOLDIERS J line of 115 miles. The remainder, covered with dense forest, is equally fertile, and con- tains hut a small proportion of unavailahle land. The settlers occupy about 11,000 acres of open land, and 32,000 acres of forest land; theraheing, in addition, ahout 20,000 acres of forest land in the hands of the Government, which is unoccupied on account of the insecure state of the province, and the supe- riority of the unpurchased open district in its vicinity." " During the first two years of its existence it received, by direct emigration from England, upwards of a thousand settlers ; and though it has received continual additions during the last seventeen years, yet its population, on 31st December, 1858, inclusive of increase by birth, only amounted to 2,850 souls." There has been a slight increase since that date. " The native male population (including chil- dren) numbered, in 1857, only 1,751. They hold upwards of 2,000,000 acres, one-seventh of which is immediately available for the OR, THE WAR IN TARANAKI. 3 plough." All but a very small portion of this land remains wholly uncultivated. At Taranaki there is no harbour, and the roadstead is exposed to the north-westerly winds, which are, however, not of very frequent occurrence. The limited quantity of land purchased from the natives, and the uneasi- ness felt on account of the feuds existing amongst them respecting their lands, with which they have always parted very grudgingly, has caused its growth to be very tardy. The settlers, for the most part agriculturists, work- ing very hard, have gained but little more than a comfortable livelihood. Some exceptions (of course) may have existed, but colonial (or, at least, Taranaki) prosperity is a plant of very feeble growth. I have witnessed some striking instances of success. Men with sinewy frames and empty pockets—by dint of hard living and hard working, with no knowledge beyond how to "dig and delve"—first receiving extravagant wages for their labour—finding every facility for acquiring land, cattle, and b2 — — 4 SETTLERS AND SOLDIERS; sheep they have become men of comparative prosperity, road-commissioners, legislators, and then the despisers of those whose money first gave them the start. On the other hand, I have witnessed some amount of misery men suffering deprivations unknown to them in the early part of their life; having but a small amount of capital, and a limited knowledge of the science of agriculture, with an inaptitude to drop readily into the free and easy, and somewhat selfish life of " old settlers," and, for the sake of peace and quietness, enduring annoyances not easily imagined by the members of social life in England. In common with other settlements in New Zealand, Taranaki suffered depression for many years, arising from want of capital and a market ; but now the increasing facilities for exporting produce to the Australian markets, and the present very fairly remunerating prices obtained by the farmers, promise a better state of things. Previous to the present OEj THE WAR IN TARANAKI. 5 unhappy war with the natives, it was con- fidently believed that a brighter day had dawned upon Taranaki, and that a career of prosperity had at last commenced. It has long been felt that what was wanted to ensure this prosperity could only be ob- tained by purchasing more land from the natives. This would, doubtless, be an induce- ment to capitalists to seek a home amongst the fruitful valleys and verdant hills of a country, with (proverbially) " the finest climate in the world ;" and their capital brought into play, would turn twenty-five miles of sea-coast line, having a varying width of iron sand, into a source of wealth, commerce and manufac- ture." An increasing population would of itself create a market, bring 'down the extrava- gantly high price of labour, and cause inter- nal improvements in the country, by which all the settlers would be mutually benefited. It was natural, therefore, that the settlers should have a " longing for the use of land * See Appendix A. — 6 SETTLERS AND SOLDIERS; which was lying useless on all sides around them, the nominal owners not being able to turn it to account." The most frequent topic of discussion, with both natives and Europeans, was about the land; and the boasting assertion was continually made by the latter, " The Waitara will he ours hefore long" The progress of the settlement the success of any extensive enterprise seemed to hang on the possession of this land. It had a small harbour, and was an eligible spot for a town. Now, unfortunately, these sanguine hopes met with a repulse, by the obstinate refusal of the natives to part with their land. There was a strong feeHng amongst them against the increase of the white man's territory—generated partly, no doubt, from a sense of their own decay in numbers and in power, and seeing the colonists continually increasing in both. Although formerly conquered by the Waikatos, a power- ful northern tribe, and kept in a state of slavery for years, they gladly availed themselves OR, THE WAR IN TARANAKI. 7 of the opportunity to return to the homes of then' forefathers, made secure by the presence of settlers; and fearing no longer their old enemies the Waikatos, who had consented to their taking possession of the land which, according to Maori laws of conquest, had been confiscated. " Being but a remnant of a once numerous people, disorganized and hardly acknowledging or respecting the authority of their hereditary chiefs, they were prevented by mutual discord, jealousy, and conflicting claims, from acting in concert for the disposal of their lands." Whilst but a few were inclined to sell, the majority were determined that no further alienation of their land should take place. A crude feeling of nationality took possession of the minds of the aborigines of New Zealand generally, and this feeling ex- hibited itself among the Taranaki natives by a determined opposition to the anxious wishes of the settlers to gain possession of Waitara.
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