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Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes Ali Mohamed Elyamine 1,2 , Jie Kan 1, Shanshan Meng 1, Peng Tao 1, Hui Wang 1 and Zhong Hu 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; [email protected] (A.M.E.); [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (P.T.); [email protected] (H.W.) 2 Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Comoros, Moroni 269, Comoros * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Microbial biodegradation is one of the acceptable technologies to remediate and control the pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Several bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria strains have been isolated and used for bioremediation purpose. This review paper is intended to provide key information on the various steps and actors involved in the bacterial and fungal aerobic and anaerobic degradation of pyrene, a high molecular weight PAH, including catabolic genes and enzymes, in order to expand our understanding on pyrene degradation. The aerobic degradation pathway by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PRY-1 and Mycobactetrium sp. KMS and the anaerobic one, by the facultative bacteria anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1 and Klebsiella sp. LZ6 are reviewed and presented, to describe the complete and integrated degradation mechanism pathway of pyrene. The different microbial strains with the ability to degrade pyrene are listed, and the degradation of Citation: Elyamine, A.M.; Kan, J.; pyrene by consortium is also discussed. -
The Harmful Effects of Food Preservatives on Human Health Shazia Khanum Mirza1, U.K
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery ISSN: 2347-9027 International peer reviewed Journal Special Issue Analytical Chemistry Teacher and Researchers Association National Convention/Seminar Issue 02, Vol. 02, pp. 610-616, 8 January 2017 Available online at www.jmcdd.org To Study The Harmful Effects Of Food Preservatives On Human Health Shazia Khanum Mirza1, U.K. Asema2 And Sayyad Sultan Kasim3. 1 -Research student , Dept of chemistry, Maulana Azad PG & Research centre, Aurangabad. 2-3 -Assist prof. Dept of chemistry,Maulana Azad college Arts sci & com.Aurangabad. ABSTRACT Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non- biological components. Food additives are chemicals added to foods to keep them fresh or to enhance their color, flavor or texture. They may include food colorings, flavor enhancers or a range of preservatives .The chemical added to a particular food for a particular reason during processing or storage which could affect the characteristics of the food, or become part of the food Preservatives are additives that inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds in foods. Additives and preservatives are used to maintain product consistency and quality, improve or maintain nutritional value, maintain palatability and wholesomeness, provide leavening(yeast), control pH, enhance flavour, or provide colour Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as in some wines. Some preservatives are known to be harmful to the human body. Some are classified as carcinogens or cancer causing agents. Keywords : Food , Food additives, colour, flavour , texture, preservatives. -
Formaldehyde Test Kit Utility
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Cutan Ocul Manuscript Author Toxicol. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 June 01. Published in final edited form as: Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2019 June ; 38(2): 112–117. doi:10.1080/15569527.2018.1471485. Undeclared Formaldehyde Levels in Patient Consumer Products: Formaldehyde Test Kit Utility Jason E. Ham1, Paul Siegel1,*, and Howard Maibach2 1Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA 2Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Abstract Formaldehyde allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may be due to products with free formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing agents, however, assessment of formaldehyde levels in such products is infrequently conducted. The present study quantifies total releasable formaldehyde from “in-use” products associated with formaldehyde ACD and tests the utility of commercially available formaldehyde spot test kits. Personal care products from 2 patients with ACD to formaldehyde were initially screened at the clinic for formaldehyde using a formaldehyde spot test kit. Formaldehyde positive products were sent to the laboratory for confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, 4 formaldehyde spot test kits were evaluated for potential utility in a clinical setting. Nine of the 10 formaldehyde spot test kit positive products obtained from formaldehyde allergic patients had formaldehyde with total releasable formaldehyde levels ranging from 5.4 to 269.4 μg/g. Of these, only 2 shampoos tested listed a formaldehyde-releasing agent in the ingredients or product literature. Subsequently, commercially available formaldehyde spot test kits were evaluated in the laboratory for ability to identify formaldehyde in personal care products. -
Sodium Benzoate Inhibits Growth of Or Inactivates Listeria Monocytogenes
525 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 51, No. 7, Pages 525-530 (July 1988) Copyright© International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians Sodium Benzoate Inhibits Growth of or Inactivates Listeria monocytogenes MOUSTAFA A. EL-SHENAWY and ELMER H. MARTH* Department of Food Science and The Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (Received for publication February 26, 1988) Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/51/7/525/1658063/0362-028x-51_7_525.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 ABSTRACT Recognition of Listeria monocytogenes as an agent of foodborne disease has increased in the last few years. The The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow or survive was pathogen'can cause abortion in pregnant women as well as determined using tryptose broth at pH 5.6 or 5.0, supplemented meningitis in newborn infants and immunocompromised with 0, 0.05. 0.1, 0.15. 0.2. 0.25 or 0.3% sodium benzoate, and adults (17,26,31). Also, this bacterium is pathogenic for incubated at 4,13,21 or 35°C. The bacterium grew in benzoate- animals and can cause abortion (33) and mastitis (15). L. free controls under all conditions except at 4°C and pH 5.0. At pH 5.6 and 4°C, after 60 d, L. monocytogenes (initial population ca. monocytogenes can be transmitted from infected animals to 103/ml) was inactivated by 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3% sodium benzoate. humans (16,21,24,25) and also can be transmitted to hu Other concentrations of benzoate permitted slight growth during mans through consumption of some foods of animal origin. -
The Effect Off Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid 4 the Antimicrobial Properties of Benzoic
University of Nigeria Virtual Library Serial No ISSN: 1118-1028 Author 1 MBAH, Chika J. Author 2 Author 3 Title The Effect of Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid on the Antimicrobial Properties of Benzoic Acid and Cetrimide Keywords Description Pharmaceutical Chemistry Category Pharmaceutical Sciences Publisher Publication Date 1999 Signature * - ' 8 - . 1 I r/ Journal of I PHARMACEUTICAL 1 RESEARCH AND i .DEVELOPMENT Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 4: 1 (1 999) 1 -8 - 1 : The Effect offEthylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid 4 the Antimicrobial Properties of Benzoic ) Acid and Cetrimide C. 0. Esirnonel* M. U. ~dikwu';D.B. Uzuegbu' and 0. P. Udeo 4 'Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department of Pharmz Faculty of Phyackutical Sciences University of Nigeria, Ws I 'Department of ~harmacolo~~and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceut ' . University of Nigeria,fisukka. i I I : I. The effect of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the in-vp antimicrobial activities of cetrimide and benzoic acid was evaluated by the checkerboardland killing curve method. The effect sf EDTA aid benzoic acid was evaluated against an isolate of Pseirdonionas aeruginosa (Ps. 021) which is highly resistant to either of the drugs alone. The effect of EDTA and cetrimide was evaluated against isolates of Aspergillus niger and Candidn albicarls resistant to either of the agents. The results show that in the'presence of EDTA, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of benzoic acid and cetrimide against the test microorgan,isms were greatly enhanced. Checkerboard analy& revealed striking synergy (FIC indices > 1 and negative values of activity indices) between almost all the ratios of EDTA and the antimicrobial agents against the various test microorganisms. -
Benzoic Acid
SAFETY DATA SHEET Creation Date 01-May-2012 Revision Date 23-Jan-2015 Revision Number 2 1. Identification Product Name Benzoic acid Cat No. : A63-500; A65-500; A68-30 Synonyms Benzenecarboxylic acid; Benzenemethanoic acid; Phenylcarboxylic acid; Phenylformic acid; Benzeneformic acid; Carboxybenzene Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against No Information available Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company Emergency Telephone Number Fisher Scientific CHEMTRECÒ, Inside the USA: 800-424-9300 One Reagent Lane CHEMTRECÒ, Outside the USA: 001-703-527-3887 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 Tel: (201) 796-7100 2. Hazard(s) identification Classification This chemical is considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) Skin Corrosion/irritation Category 2 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1 Specific target organ toxicity - (repeated exposure) Category 1 Target Organs - Lungs. Label Elements Signal Word Danger Hazard Statements Causes skin irritation Causes serious eye damage Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 7 Benzoic acid Revision Date 23-Jan-2015 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Precautionary Statements Prevention Wash face, hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product Response Get medical attention/advice if you feel unwell Skin IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse Eyes IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. -
Microflex Gloves Chemical Compatibility Chart
1 1 1 2 2 3 1 CAUTION (LATEX): This product contains natural rubber 2 CAUTION (NITRILE: MEDICAL GRADE): Components used 3 CAUTION (NITRILE: NON-MEDICAL GRADE)): These latex (latex) which may cause allergic reactions. Safe use in making these gloves may cause allergic reactions in gloves are for non-medical use only. They may NOT be of this glove by or on latex sensitized individuals has not some users. Follow your institution’s policies for use. worn for barrier protection in medical or healthcare been established. applications. Please select other gloves for these applications. Components used in making these gloves may cause allergic reactions in some users. Follow your institution’s policies for use. For single use only. NeoPro® Chemicals NeoPro®EC Ethanol ■NBT Ethanolamine (99%) ■NBT Ether ■2 Ethidium bromide (1%) ■NBT Ethyl acetate ■1 Formaldehyde (37%) ■NBT Formamide ■NBT Gluteraldehyde (50%) ■NBT Test Method Description: The test method uses analytical Guanidine hydrochloride ■NBT equipment to determine the concentration of and the time at which (50% ■0 the challenge chemical permeates through the glove film. The Hydrochloric acid ) liquid challenge chemical is collected in a liquid miscible chemical Isopropanol ■NBT (collection media). Data is collected in three separate cells; each cell Methanol ■NBT is compared to a blank cell which uses the same collection media as both the challenge and Methyl ethyl ketone ■0 collection chemical. Methyl methacrylate (33%) ■0 Cautionary Information: These glove recommendations are offered as a guide and for reference Nitric acid (50%) ■NBT purposes only. The barrier properties of each glove type may be affected by differences in material Periodic acid (50%) ■NBT thickness, chemical concentration, temperature, and length of exposure to chemicals. -
New Naphthalene Whole-Cell Bioreporter for Measuring and Assessing Naphthalene in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contaminated Site
Accepted Manuscript New naphthalene whole-cell bioreporter for measuring and assessing naphthalene in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated site Yujiao Sun, Xiaohui Zhao, Dayi Zhang, Aizhong Ding, Cheng Chen, Wei E. Huang, Huichun Zhang PII: S0045-6535(17)31248-1 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.027 Reference: CHEM 19725 To appear in: ECSN Received Date: 17 April 2017 Revised Date: 22 July 2017 Accepted Date: 7 August 2017 Please cite this article as: Sun, Y., Zhao, X., Zhang, D., Ding, A., Chen, C., Huang, W.E., Zhang, H., New naphthalene whole-cell bioreporter for measuring and assessing naphthalene in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated site, Chemosphere (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.027. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 New naphthalene whole-cell bioreporter for measuring and assessing 2 naphthalene in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated site 3 Yujiao Sun a, Xiaohui Zhao a,b* , Dayi Zhang c, Aizhong Ding a, Cheng Chen a, Wei E. 4 Huang d, Huichun Zhang a. 5 a College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China 6 b Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and 7 Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China 8 c Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK 9 d Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, United 10 Kingdom 11 12 Corresponding author 13 Dr Xiaohui Zhao 14 a College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversiMANUSCRIPTty, Beijing 100875, P. -
Formaldehyde May Be Found in Cosmetic Products Even When Unlabelled
Open Med. 2015; 10: 323-328 Research Article Open Access Laura Malinauskiene*, Audra Blaziene, Anzelika Chomiciene, Marléne Isaksson Formaldehyde may be found in cosmetic products even when unlabelled Abstract: Concomitant contact allergy to formaldehyde reliable method for detecting formaldehyde presence in and formaldehyde-releasers remains common among cosmetic products. patients with allergic contact dermatitis. Concentration of free formaldehyde in cosmetic products within allowed Keywords: chromotropic acid; formaldehyde; formalde- limits have been shown to induce dermatitis from short- hyde-releaser; high-performance liquid chromatography term use on normal skin. DOI 10.1515/med-2015-0047 The aim of this study was to investigate the formalde- Received: February 2, 2015; accepted: May 28, 2015 hyde content of cosmetic products made in Lithuania. 42 samples were analysed with the chromotropic acid (CA) method for semi-quantitative formaldehyde deter- mination. These included 24 leave-on (e.g., creams, 1 Introduction lotions) and 18 rinse-off (e.g., shampoos, soaps) products. Formaldehyde is a well-documented contact allergen. Formaldehyde releasers were declared on the labels of 10 Over recent decades, the prevalence of contact allergy to products. No formaldehyde releaser was declared on the formaldehyde has been found to be 8-9% in the USA and label of the only face cream investigated, but levels of free 2-3% in European countries [1]. formaldehyde with the CA method was >40 mg/ml and Formaldehyde as such is very seldomly used in cosmetic when analysed with a high-performance liquid chromato- products anymore, but preservatives releasing formalde- graphic method – 532 ppm. According to the EU Cosmetic hyde in the presence of water are widely used in many directive, if the concentration of formaldehyde is above cosmetic products (e.g., shampoos, creams, etc.), topical 0.05% a cosmetic product must be labelled “contains medications and household products (e.g., dishwashing formaldehyde“. -
Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Formaldehyde Exposure
DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2012184.255 Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 2012, vol. 18, book 4 ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS FROM FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE Maya Lyapina1, Angelina Kisselova-Yaneva 2, Assya Krasteva2, Mariana Tzekova -Yaneva2, Maria Dencheva-Garova2 1) Department of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, 2) Department of Oral and Image Diagnostic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia,Bulgaria ABSTRACT atmospheric air, tobacco smoke, use of cosmetic products Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous chemical agent, a part and detergents, and in less extend – water and food of our outdoor and indoor working and residential consumption (11, 81). It is released into the atmosphere environment. Healthcare workers in difficult occupations are through fumes from automobile exhausts without catalytic among the most affected by formaldehyde exposure. convertors and by manufacturing facilities that burn fossil Formaldehyde is an ingredient of some dental materials. fuels in usual concentration about 1-10 ppb. Uncontrolled Formaldehyde is well-known mucous membrane irritant and forest fires and the open burning of waste also give off a primary skin sensitizing agent associated with both contact formaldehyde. It is believed that the daily exposure from dermatitis (Type IV allergy), and immediate, anaphylactic atmospheric air is up to 0.1 mg (35, 43, 44). reactions (Type I allergy). Inhalation exposure to According to the WHO industrial emissions could formaldehyde was identified as a potential cause of asthma. appear at each step of production, use, transportation, or Quite a few investigations are available concerning health deposition of formaldehyde-containing products. issues for dental students following formaldehyde exposure. Formaldehyde emissions are detected from various Such studies would be beneficial for early diagnosis of industries – energy industry, wood and paper product hypersensitivity, adequate prophylactic, risk assessment and industries, textile production and finishing, chemical management of their work. -
Nomination Background: N-(3-Chloroallyl)Hexaminium Chloride
• NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND TOXICITY INFORMATION N-(3-CHLOROALLYL)HEXAMINIUM CHLORIDE CAS Number 4080-31-3 July 16, 1991 Submitted to: NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM Submitted by: Arthur D. Little, Inc. Chemical Evaluation Committee Draft Report • • TABLE OF CONTENTS Page L NOMINATION HISTORY AND REVIEW .................... 1 II. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ....................... 3 III. PRODUCTION/USE ................................... 5 IV. EXPOSURE/REGULATORY STATUS...................... .10 V. TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS ........................... .11 VI. STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS ..................48 VII. REFERENCES ..................................... : . ......... 49 APPENDIX I, ON-LINE DATA BASES SEARCHED ............ .53 APPENDIX II, SAFETY INFORMATION.................... .54 1 ,, .• • • OVERVJEWl Nomination History: N-(3-Chloroallyl)hexaminium chloride was originally nominated for carcinogenicity testing by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in 1980 with moderate priority. In March 1980, the Chemical Evaluation Committee (CEC) recommended carcinogenicity testing. Due to budgetary cutbacks in 1982, this compound was reevaluated and recommended for in vitro cytogenetics and chemical disposition testing by the CEC, and was selected for chemical disposition testing by the Executive Committee. The renomination of this chemical in 1984 by the NCI was based on potentialfor significant human exposure and concern that it may be carcinogenic due to structural considerations. This recent nomination was -
Study of Genes Relating to Degradation of Aromatic Compounds and Carbon Metabolism in Mycobacterium Sp. Strain KMS
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2013 Study of Genes Relating To Degradation of Aromatic Compounds and Carbon Metabolism in Mycobacterium Sp. Strain KMS Chun Zhang Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Zhang, Chun, "Study of Genes Relating To Degradation of Aromatic Compounds and Carbon Metabolism in Mycobacterium Sp. Strain KMS" (2013). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1532. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1532 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDY OF GENES RELATING TO DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AND CARBON METABOLISM IN MYCOBACTERIUM SP . STRAIN KMS by Chun Zhang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Biology Approved: ____________________________ ____________________________ Anne J. Anderson, Ph.D. Dennis L. Welker, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ____________________________ ____________________________ Jeanette M. Norton, Ph.D. Ronald C. Sims, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ____________________________ ____________________________ Charles D. Miller, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2013 ii Copyright © Chun Zhang 2013 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Study of Genes Relating to Degradation of Aromatic Compounds and Carbon Metabolism in Mycobacterium sp .