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On the Geographical Results of the Mission to Kashghar, Under Sir T On the Geographical Results of the Mission to Kashghar, under Sir T. Douglas Forsyth in 1873-74 Author(s): H. Trotter Source: The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 48 (1878), pp. 173- 234 Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1798763 Accessed: 25-06-2016 02:18 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ( 173 ) V.-On the GFeogthicat Resq6tts of the Misszon {o KasAghar, qbnder Sir T. DOUGLAS FORSYTH Z?D 1873-74. BY CaPt. H. TROTTER, R.E. [Read, May 13th, 1878.] ABOUT this time five years ago, I was in the peninsula of Kattywar, in Western India, seated in an arm-chair outside my tent-door. The hot wind which had been blowing through the day had just lulled, but the thermometer stood at over 100?; and I was, after an unusually hot season, which had talQen a good deal out of me, an:xiously expecting a favourable reply to an application I had made tor furlough to England. A telegram was suddenly put into my hands which very speedily altered the current of my thoughts. It was from my chief, Colonel Walker, the t3uperintendent of the Great Trigonolne- trical Survey, informing me that the Ticeroy of India was about to despatch a Political Mission to the Atalik Ghazi of Yarkand, and that an officer of the Survey Department would probably be deputed to accompany it as Geographer. Would I like to go? My first- act was to despatch an immediate reply in the affirmative, and my second I feel ashamed in this assemblage at having to confess it was to get hold of an Atlas and make search as to what part of the Asiatic continent Tar- kand was to be found in. Happily I have, since then, llad considerable opportunities of adding to my stock of knowledge concerning that then little-known portion of Central Asia, to which I was shortly to proceed. It is for the purpose of com- municating to the Royal Geographical Society some of that recently-acquiled knowledge that I have the honour of standing here this evening. The Mission under Sir Douglas Forsyth was despatched by the late Viceroy of Illdia for the purpose of making a treaty c)f friendship and commerce with the Ruler of Eastern Tur- kistan - then called Yakoob Beg, the Atalik Ghazi of Yarkand - of late years better known as the Amir of Eashghar. The Mission left India in the summer of 1873, and vvas absent for rather laore than a year. A considerable amount of litera- ture exists on the subject of this Expedition; for besides very voluminous reports to Government from the seven European officersX of whom the Mission was composed, two books on the same subject have been published in England, viz., the ' Roof of the World,' by Colonel Gordon, and ' Washmir and Rasht,har,' * Sir T. Doulas Forsyth, C.B., S.C.S.I., Envoy and Plenipotentiary; Colonel T. E. Gordon C.S.I.; Dr. H. W. Bellew, C.S.I.; Capt. John Biddulph l9th Hussars, A.D.C. to the Zriceroy; Capt. Chapman, R.H.A.; Dr. Ferdinand Stoliczka; Capt. Henry Trotter, R.E. This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms *s ga a, >$F'- / , ' ',' tII ,m,'. ',',.,X, ............... vstlixmmt.e - - , 73 , 1 74 1 1 1 1 I I , 72 1 1 - -:) F E A / :: s :X i /JA }/ < "t /: T, MS Dp MS - < - l it l wi l j BamFW j This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms / U$h -- - J6 ! X i | 77 N - l_ k- t | t 75 1 i & t : - - - tBrg Euyok TokaiA . ;. 'ii - A r /a i hP}/a i x ?56V , . * ooto IgX*%s D'$B,ll'\\'lllt/l'S T J,2 =' 4 tn_tr jyU - r - - sW ss /' s - > iSzy'et s '" \S A} 7 TaS KhaJni > j \ . This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms . - - L 1 813 _. 41 8s73-74. 7o _ * S_. _ _ _ _ __ _ _.w 40 . _ - L * iS . 38 e r t - This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 _ on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms - S ^9UZ} GharBa; T 5heWj =' t. G i - I This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms I R 2441& < hbbhed br JzrrnaS af theXoyd Geogrotp 30yE bsy l Zurtay, ,4ben7X;trb S*, 1878. This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms - - m=tw;wiatt,& : ff: AtiX-k-'S)-; ' rgf gAX,0-- g Tritcv ttF1o Il,d _v, t {> (7m,;t, ,<W ts 4 ,\,<!,,x<,gle ' Rol?esnEythe.v.tenafbcl7uzmbe This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 174 TROTTER on the Geographical Results of tAze by Dr. Bellessr. The volume of ' Reports ' also contains an inter- esting series of photographs taken, under circumstances of great difficulty, mostly by Captain Chapman, some few by myself. Much of the following narrative iS taken fiom my own section of the volume of 'Reports,' of which not many copies were printed, and but very few have been made available to the general public. To that volume,$ however, I must refer all those who may wish for further information on the astronomical, meteorologicaln and hypsometrical and magnetic observations taken duling our absence from England, as also for detailed itineraries of a11 the routes traversed by the various members and employes of the Mission. The roads between Leh alld Yarkand, and the nature of the country traversed, have on a former occasion been eloquently described to the Society ly their Gold Medallist, Mr. Shaw, the pioneer of English influence in Eastern Turkestan, as well as by the intrepid Hayward, who lost his life in endeavouring to reach those unknown and almost inaccessible Pamir regions which it was afterwards our good fortune to travel. I will ouly, therefore, rapidly glance at some of the pllysical obstacles actually encountered along our line of march. The first tlling that strikes an outsider is the extreme aircuitousness of the road. It will be observed that stalting from Simla, the summer headquarters of the Government of India, our ultimate destination being Yarkand, we have first to travel nearly south for 100 miles to Umbala-then, in a north-westerly direction, to Rawlll Pindi, a distance of 370 miles; for 200 of which, from Umbala to Lahore, we were aided by the railway- aIld the last 170 miles by wheeled carriages on a good highway. From Rawul Pindi 40 aniles up-hill to Aturree, one of our hill sanita- ria, we are :Surther aidecl by wheeled carriage. From this point onwards, a11 our journeys were performed on horseback, except where the difficulties of the ground compelled us to go on foot; or, in the case of ice7 to mount on aks. Our tents, baggage, ancl supplies were carriecl by men, ponies, lnules, donkeys, osen, yaks, or sheep. From Afurree our road lay nearly due east right across S:ashmir Proper to Leh, the capital of Ladakh, originally a province of WVestern Tibet, but llOW under the rule of the 3faharaja of Easllmir. The road from ALurree to Lela, a distance of 390 miles is too well known to require description hele, and ill the sumlner season preserlts llO formid- able clifEculties, although we experienced considerable dis- comforts in the oraf7 of rain and heat. For [sevelal months in $ ' Account of the S1lrvey Operations in connection with tl-le Mission to Y-trkancl and Wasll(rha.l in 1873-74.' By (Saptain Henry Trottel, R.E., Deputy Superin- ten(lent Grent Trironometlictll Sursey of fuclia. This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Sat, 25 Jun 2016 02:18:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Mission to KasAgAclr in 1873-4. 175 the winter season, however, all traffic is stopped by the snow on and in the vicinity of the Zoji La, the point where the road crosses the watershed of the main LElimalayan chain, at an elevatio1l of 11,300 feet above the sea.
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