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Aspectos Da História Da Ornitologia. Um Vôo Ao Passado

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Aspectos Da História Da Ornitologia. Um Vôo Ao Passado Aspectos da história da ISSN 1981-8874 ornitologia. Um vôo ao passado 9 771981 887003 0 0 1 4 1 Segunda parte (até 2007) Alberto Masi the Birds of Europe (1871-1881, suplemento da famosa poetisa Mary Shelley (1797- Parma-Itália que saiu em 1895-96), escrito com Richard 1851). Em 1874 publica o Catalogue of the Bowdler Sharpe (1847-1909). O The Eggs of Picariæ in the Collection of the British Mu- the Birds of Europe (1905-1910) comple- seum. Scansores and Coccyges containing mentou o History e várias monografias entre the families Indicatoridæ, Capitonidæ, Cu- 1884-86 e 1893. Dresser tinha o privilégio culidæ, and Musophagidæ. 1876-1877, A de acessar às anotações de muitos proemi- Monograph of the Cinnyridæ, or Family of nentes ornitólogos, como o russo Sergei Alek- Sun Birds. 1872, A Handbook to the Birds sandrovich Buturlin (1872-1938), que desco- of Egypt, ilustrado por J. G. Keulemans. briu o Ross's Gull (Rhodostethia rosea Mac- 1880, A Monograph of the Nectariniidae. Gillivray, 1824) em 1905 no delta de Kolyma O seu trabalho principal foi The birds of no nordeste da Sibéria. Em 1912, foi para Africa, em cinco volumes, de 1896 a 1912, Cannes por motivo de saúde; em 1915 mor- a última parte póstuma, graças ao interesse reu em Monte Carlo. As suas coleções se en- de William Lutley Sclater (1863-1944). contram no Manchester Museum (The Uni- Em 1889 casa-se com Janet, irmã de Mr. E. versity of Manchester) desde 1899, adquirida Andrews. Em 1906 fica paralítico e encerra pelo museu de J. P. Thomasson. As coleções suas pesquisas. A sua coleção de 7.235 espé- dos ovos foram adquiridas pelo museu em cies está conservada no British Museum de 1912. O museu preserva também seus diários Londres. e cartas. Publica sob suas próprias custas o History of the Birds of Europe [incluindo to- das as espécies que habitam a região paleárti- ca ocidental. Londres. Publicado pelo au- Dresser, Henry Eeles (1838-1915). Orni- tor,1871-1896, com pranchas coloridas de tólogo e empresário inglês. De 1856 a 1858 J.G. Keuelmans, J. Wolf, E. Neale e A. Thor- viajou ao longo da costa Báltica para apren- burn. Ilustrado por 723 pranchas litografa- der a língua finlandesa depois de ter aprendi- das, das quais 721 coloridas à mão e 2 em pre- do o alemão e o sueco nos anos 1852-1854. to-e-branco]. Nos anos 1860 viajou pela Europa onde tro- cou aves e ovos da coleção. Em 1863 viajou ao Texas, ao longo do Rio Grande, coletando um acervo de 400 exemplares de aves do sul do Texas, publicando as suas notas em The Ibis (1865-66). Tais notas compreendiam o extinto (ou presumivelmente tal) Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), o Eskimo Curlew ou Northern Curlew (Nume- nius borealis) e o ameaçado Whooping Cra- ne (Grus americana). Eleito membro da Bri- tish Ornithologists' Union em 1865, foi pre- sidente de 1882 a 1888. Membro da Linnean and Zoological Societies of London e sócio honorário da American Ornithologists' Uni- Savi, Paolo (1798-1871). Geólogo e orni- on. Amigo do Professor Alfred Newton tólogo italiano. Nasceu em Pisa em 11 de ju- (1829-1907), Thomas Littleton Powys lho de 1798 e faleceu em 5 de abril de 1871. (1833-1896), 4th Baron Lilford e do sir Em 1823 passou a ser professor de história Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913). Bem co- natural na Universidade de Pisa. Ocupou-se nhecido dos ornitólogos europeus, america- da zoologia e anatomia dos insetos, porém nos e russos. Trabalhou com Alfred Newton principalmente de geologia. Os volumes nos anos 1860. Escreveu mais de 100 artigos "Ornitologia toscana", Pisa 1827-32, e científicos e livros. O seu Manual of Palae- "Ornitologia italiana", Florença 1873, asse- arctic Birds (1902) é uma importante contri- Shelley, George Ernest (1840-1910) ca- guram-lhe um lugar de primeira ordem na buição à avifauna do Paleártico. O History of pitão, geólogo e ornitólogo britânico. Neto história da ornitologia italiana. Atualidades Ornitológicas On-line Nº 141 - Janeiro/Fevereiro 2008 - www.ao.com.br 33 Reisen nach dem Nordpolarmeer, 1870- ção da Missão fundada por São Vicente de Pao- 1871 (Brunswick, 1872-1874); la e em 1862 foi ordenado sacerdote, porém, pa- Ornithologie von Nordost-Afrika [1] (Cas- ralelamente aos seus estudos teológicos o jo- sel, 1869-1875), descreve 948 espécies de vem Armando adquire uma sólida formação de aves. naturalista. Padre David é enviado à China, em Reise in Nordost-Afrika (Brunswick 1877, Pequim, onde começa a reunir uma grande co- 2 volumi). leção de plantas, animais, como também ro- chas e fósseis. Atendendo um pedido do gover- Spalding, Douglas Alexander (1840-1877) no francês, David envia a Paris alguns dos ele- naturalista britânico.Precursor da etologia. mentos mais importantes da sua coleção que ra- Antes de Konrad Lorenz levantou a hipótese pidamente causam um grande interesse. O Mu- do fenômeno do imprintig. Nasceu em Lon- seu de História Natural de Paris lhe solicita per- dres em 1840, trabalha como operário. Muda- correr a China a fim de enriquecer as suas cole- se para Escócia, nas proximidades de Aberde- ções de animais e vegetais. Com a permissão en; o filósofo Alexander Bain (1818-1903) da sua Ordem, em 1866 explora o sul da Mon- consegue convencer a Universidade de Aber- gólia e, em 1868, o leste do Tibet. Padre David deen para permitir que estude gratuitamente. descreve pela primeira vez muitos animais e Estuda filosofia e literatura, mas volta para plantas. Entre as mais conhecidas a budléia Londres depois de um ano. Fica tuberculoso. (Buddleja davidii), o cervo-do-padre-david ou Viaja pela Europa esperando encontrar remé- Elaphurus davidianus e o panda para o qual dio. Em Avignone encontra John Stuart Mill Alphonse Milne-Edwards fez a descrição Elliot, Daniel Giraud (1835-1915). Zoólo- (1806-1873). Torna-se tutor do filho maior do go americano. Foi um dos fundadores do Ame- visconde Amberley (1842-1876), o jovem Ber- rican Museum of Natural History de New trand Russell (1872-1970), e tem uma relação York e da American Ornithologists' Union. Foi amorosa com a viscondesa Amberley. Spal- curador de zoologia no Field Museum em Chi- ding faz experiências sobre o comportamento cago. Elliot escrevia os textos e comissionava animal, descobrindo o fenômeno do “imprin- os ilustradores, como Joseph Wolf e Joseph ting”, sendo o mesmo, muitos anos depois, di- Smit, (que tinham trabalhado para John fundido por Konrad Lorenz. As observações Gould), as pranchas dos desenhos. Nos livros de Spalding era pouco conhecida. Hoje a sua estes artistas incluíram uma monografia dos importância é reconhecida. O biólogo John Phasianidae (1870-72), uma monografoa dos Burdon Sanderson Haldane (1892-1964) re- Paradiseidae ou das aves-do-paraíso (1873). publicou o trabalho de Spalding para demons- Elliot era entusiasta destes ilustradores a cha- trar que Lorenz não foi o fundador da etologia. gar ao ponto de dedicar-lhes seus livros (ver de- Bibliografia: dicatória para Joseph Wolf). A Academia Naci- Spalding, D. A. (1872). On instinct. Natu- onal de Ciências dedica a medalha Daniel Gi- re, 6, 485-486. raud Elliot para trabalho merotório em zoolo- Spalding, D. A. (1873). Instinct. With ori- gia ou paleontologia publicado nos três anos ginal observations on young animals. Mac- do qüinqüênio. O fundo monetário de Daniel millan's Magazine, 27, 282-293. Giraud Elliot usa o legado da senhora Marga- ret Henderson Elliot. Elliot's Pheasant (Syrma- ticus ellioti Swinhoe, 1872) foi a ave a ele dedi- cada. Seus livros de ornitologia foram A Mono- Les oiseaux de la Chine 1877 graph of the Phasianidae (1870-1872), A Mo- David, Armand - Oustalet. E. Les oiseaux nograph of the Paradiseidae or Birds of Para- de la Chine 1877, 2 voll -disegni e litografie dise (1873) com litografia de Joseph Wolf. di M.Arnoul Heuglin, Martin Theodor von (1824- Oustalet, Jean-Frederic Émile (1844- 1876). Explorador o ornitólogo alemão, nas- 1905). Em 1873 sucedeu Jules Verreaux no ceu em Hirschlanden (Leonberg, Württem- Museu de História Natural de Paris. Ousta- berg) e morreu em Stuttgart. let, a partir daí se dedicou à ornitologia. Rece- Os seus trabalhos científicos relacionam-se beu da China e das colônias francesas da com a zoologia e, em particular, com a ornito- Indo-China e da África numerosas coleções logia. Entre os seus trabalhos pode-se citar: de aves e conseguiu convencer seus superio- Systematische Übersicht der Vögel Nor- res a se ocupar das aves da China. Depois da dost-Afrikas (1855); morte de Alphonse Milne-Edwards em Reisen in Nordost-Afrika, 1852-1853 (Got- 1900, Oustalet sucedeu-o na cátedra de ma- ha 1857); mologia e de ornitologia. Presidiu il III Syst. Übersicht der Säugetiere Nordost- I.O.C., International Ornithological Con- Afrikas (Vienna, 1867); David, Armand ou pere David [Jean Pierre gress de Paris em 1900. Estudou e descreveu Reise nach Abessinien, den Gala- Armand David] (1826-1900). Missionário laza- as 160 espécies das expedições no Congo de Landern, &c., 1861-1862 (Iéna, 1868); rista católico (coloca antes do nome a sigla Jean Dybowski (1856-1928). Morreu em Reise in das Gebiet del Weissen Nilo, &c. C.M.) e também um experiente zoólogo e botâ- 1905 aos 61 anos. 1862-1864 (Leipzig, 1869); nico francês. Em 1848 entrou para a Congrega- Publicações: 34 Atualidades Ornitológicas On-line Nº 141 - Janeiro/Fevereiro 2008 - www.ao.com.br 1874: Recherches sur les insectes fossiles desde 1877. Miss Genevieve morreu em les, a tripulação embarcou na fragata "Regi- des terrains tertiaires de la France. agosto de 1879 e suas ilustrações foram com- na" para alcançar no Rio de La Plata, Monte- 1877-78: Études sur la faune ornithologique pletadas por Mrs.
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