Initial Environment Examination (DRAFT)
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Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China)
minerals Article Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China) Ying Jiang 1, Guanghai Shi 1,* , Liguo Xu 2 and Xinling Li 3 1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 Geological Museum of China, Beijing 100034, China; [email protected] 3 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xinjiang 830004, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-8232-1836 Received: 6 April 2020; Accepted: 6 May 2020; Published: 8 May 2020 Abstract: The historic Yinggelike nephrite jade deposit in the Altyn Tagh Mountains (Xinjiang, NW China) is renowned for its gem-quality nephrite with its characteristic light-yellow to greenish-yellow hue. Despite the extraordinary gemological quality and commercial significance of the Yinggelike nephrite, little work has been done on this nephrite deposit, due to its geographic remoteness and inaccessibility. This contribution presents the first systematic mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Yinggelike nephrite deposit. Electron probe microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to measure the mineralogy, bulk-rock chemistry and stable (O and H) isotopes characteristics of samples from Yinggelike. Field investigation shows that the Yinggelike nephrite orebody occurs in the dolomitic marble near the intruding granitoids. Petrographic studies and EMPA data indicate that the nephrite is mainly composed of fine-grained tremolite, with accessory pargasite, diopside, epidote, allanite, prehnite, andesine, titanite, zircon, and calcite. Geochemical studies show that all nephrite samples have low bulk-rock Fe/(Fe + Mg) values (0.02–0.05), as well as low Cr (0.81–34.68 ppm), Co (1.10–2.91 ppm), and Ni (0.52–20.15 ppm) contents. -
Kungang (昆岗): the Making of an Imaginary Archaeological Culture
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 237 April, 2013 Kungang (昆岗): The Making of an Imaginary Archaeological Culture by Victor H. Mair and Cheng Fangyi Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
Mythical Image of “Queen Mother of the West” and Metaphysical Concept of Chinese Jade Worship in Classic of Mountains and Seas
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue11, Ver. 6 (Nov. 2016) PP 39-46 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Mythical Image of “Queen Mother of the West” and Metaphysical Concept of Chinese Jade Worship in Classic of Mountains and Seas Juan Wu1 (School of Foreign Language,Beijing Institute of Technology, China) Abstract: This paper focuses on the mythological image, the Queen Mother of the West in Classic of Mountains and Seas, to explore the hiding history and mental reality behind the fantastic literary images, to unveil the origin of jade worship, which plays an significant role in the 8000-year-old history of Eastern Asian jade culture, to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the jade worship budded in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, so that we can have an overview of the tremendous influence it has on Chinese civilization, and illustrate its psychological role in molding the national jade worship and promoting the economic value of jade business. Key words: Mythical Image, Mythological Concept, Jade Worship, Classic of Mountains and Seas I. WHITE JADE RING AND QUEEN MOTHER OF THE WEST As for the foundation and succession myths of early Chinese dynasties, Allan holds that “Ancient Chinese literature contains few myths in the traditional sense of stories of the supernatural but much history” (Allan, 1981: ix) and “history, as it appears in the major texts from the classical period of early China (fifth-first centuries B.C.),has come to function like myth” (Allan, 1981: 10). While “the problem of myth for Western philosophers is a problem of interpreting the meaning of myths and the phenomenon of myth-making” as Allan remarks, “the problem of myth for the sinologist is one of finding any myths to interpret and of explaining why there are so few.” (Allen, 1991: 19) To decode why white jade enjoys a prominent position in the Chinese culture, the underlying conceptual structure and unique culture genes should be investigated. -
Low Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uavs)
water Article Low Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Satellite Remote Sensing Are Used to Calculated River Discharge Attenuation Coefficients of Ungauged Catchments in Arid Desert Shengtian Yang 1,2,3, Juan Wang 3,4, Pengfei Wang 1, Tongliang Gong 5 and Huiping Liu 3,4,* 1 College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (P.W.) 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China 3 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital Cities, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; [email protected] 4 School of Geography, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 5 Bureau of Hydrological and Water Resources Survey of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 October 2019; Accepted: 10 December 2019; Published: 13 December 2019 Abstract: The arid desert ecosystem is very fragile, and the change of its river discharge has a direct impact on irrigation and natural environment. River discharge attenuation coefficients is a key index to reveal the stability of desert river ecosystem. However, due to the harsh conditions in desert areas, it is difficult to establish a hydrological station to obtain data and calculate the attenuation coefficients, so it is urgent to develop new methods to master the attenuation coefficients of rivers. In this study, Taklamakan desert river was selected as the research area, and the river discharge of the desert river were estimated by combining low-altitude UAV and satellite remote sensing technology, so as to calculate the attenuation status of the river in its natural state. -
Hydrological and Climatic Changes in Deserts of China Since the Late Pleistocene
Quaternary Research 73 (2010) 1–9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yqres Hydrological and climatic changes in deserts of China since the late Pleistocene Xiaoping Yang a,⁎, Louis A. Scuderi b a Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing 100029, China b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, MSC032040 Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA article info abstract Article history: Large areas in western China were wetlands or less arid between 40 and 30 ka, corresponding to the Received 6 April 2009 “Greatest Lake Period” on the adjacent Tibetan Plateau. During the last glacial maximum, some of these Available online 17 November 2009 western Chinese deserts again experienced wetter conditions; however, at the same time the sandy lands in the eastern Chinese desert belt experienced an activation of aeolian dunes. While interpretations of the mid- Keywords: Holocene environment in the deserts of China are controversial, it is quite likely that it was more humid not Dune only in the eastern areas influenced by monsoon climate systems but also in the western deserts where Desert Lacustrine record moisture is currently associated with westerlies. Evaluation of lacustrine records in the lakes recharged by Late Quaternary dryland rivers and the complex interactions of these systems, as well as other paleoenvironmental proxies Holocene such as the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio, should be interpreted with greater caution. Facing the China highlighted uncertainties in our understanding of climate changes in Chinese deserts, it is hoped that this special issue will improve our knowledge considerably. -
Development of Environmental Dataset of Taklamakan Desert by TERRA/AQUA MODIS Data
Development of Environmental Dataset of Taklamakan Desert by TERRA/AQUA MODIS Data Yoshinari Oguro Hiroshima Institute of Technology 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, 731-5193 Japan [email protected] Shoji Takeuchi Hiroshima Institute of Technology 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, 731-5193 Japan [email protected] Kiyoshi Tsuchiya Hiroshima Earth Environment Information Center 6-32-10 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan [email protected] Abstract: The images of huge fixed type longitudinal sand dunes of eastern Taklamakan Desert acquired with Terra and Aqua MODIS indicate non negligible difference due to influence of solar illumination angles resulting from 70 minutes observation time difference in late Autumn. Analyses of the images of the same sand dunes acquired with Terra MODIS and JERS-1 OPS indicate significant difference due to spatial resolution difference (250 m vs. 18 m). The OPS image shows that when a large longitudinal sand dune grows to a certain size in width then it begins to split. The space and height of huge longitudinal sand dunes in the eastern Taklamkan Desert derived from the OPS image is about 2 km and 120 m in average respectively. The OPS image also clearly shows influences of the Hotien River and Mazartag mountain range on sand dunes of the area. In the north side of the Mazartag mountain range are transversal dunes in the west and compound (pyramidal, transversal and longitudinal) dunes in the eastern part while in the south side are longitudinal dunes. There is a good correspondence between the orientation of the huge fixed type longitudinal sand dunes and the direction of the monthly maximum winds of the sand storm months. -
The Kun Lun Shan: Desert Peaks of Central Asia
The Kun Lun Shan: Desert Peaks of Central Asia MICHAEL WARD (Plates 29, 30, 32) he gaunt, bare backbone of the Kun Lun range runs for 2250km from the Russian Pamir to western China over 30 degrees of longitude. Older than the Himalaya, it separates the plateaux of the Pamir and Tibet from the deserts of Central Asia, and it is one of the longest and least known of the world's mountain ranges, with peaks up to 7700m.4,8,17,22,5l At its western end it is joined by the Tien Shan (Celestial Mountains) that forms the northern border of the Tarim-Basin, in which lies the Takla Makan desert, and in this angle is the strategic oasis city of Kashgar (Kashi).1l,29,36,59 Here four arms of the Silk Route meet: one from the Indian sub-continent to the south, two from China to the east, by the north and south rims ofthe Tarim, and one from Europe to the west. The Silk Route is the world's oldest, longest and most important land-route, linking the civilizations of the Mediterranean with those of China and India, and for more than 5000 years it has been a conduit for ideas, religion, culture, disease, invasion and trade. 10 The Kun Lun's western portion separates the Pamir and the Central Asian plateau from the Takla Makan desert and the Lop NUr.6l At 800 E it splits into two, the northern portion becoming the Altyn Tagh, while the southern continues as the East Kun Lun, ending in the Amne Machin group. -
Acharya, Alka 251–253, 255 Acquiescence 119–120, 167–169
Index Acharya, Alka 251–253, 255 Boundaries 23, 30, 33, 115–119, 150, 157–158, acquiescence 119–120, 167–169 160, 166, 176, 190 Addis, J.M. 218–221 brics 274–276 Afghanistan 25, 37, 77, 139, 142, 145, 157, 189, Bum La 245, 247 198, 268, 274 Burma 8, 37–38, 40–41, 65–66, 68, 72, 83, aggression 5, 8, 13, 15, 22–23, 33, 41, 46, 97–98, 106, 116, 120–121, 134, 138–139, 53–54, 59–60, 70, 73–74, 80, 82, 86, 142, 149, 160, 198, 232 89–90, 92, 95–96, 98, 118, 124, 130, 133, 145, 182, 184, 191, 193, 196, 198, 202–203, Cairo Conference of non-aligned 77, 139–140 208, 212–213, 235, 237, 240–241, 249, Cambodia 62, 134, 139, 243, 269 302, 305 Ceylon 37–38, 65–66, 72, 75, 90, 128, 133–134, Aksai Chin 9, 111, 115, 119, 124, 125, 135, 162, 140, 188 165, 169–171, 173–175, 201, 205, 214, 217, Chamdo 19, 22, 24, 29, 46–47 221, 224, 232, 234, 243 Changchenmo valley 162 Ali, Mohammed 36, 66 Chaudhury, Lt. gen. J.N. 218, 224 Amban (Chinese) 9–10, 21, 24, 117, 153 Chen, Ivan (Chinese plenipotentiary at Anthony, F 49 Simla) 17, 20, 32, 122 Antony, A.K. 261 Chen Yi 126, 183, 237, 309 arbitration 72, 74, 79, 81, 138, 167–168 Chiang Kai-shek 29, 38, 40, 96, 141, 290–291 Ardagh, Sir John 172–173 China’s Five-point Policy 300 Ashoka, Emperor 54–55 Chinese incursions 257 asean 266, 268, 271, 275, 278 Chipchap river 126 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 276 Chola incident 239 Asian Relations Conference (New Chou En-lai x, 43, 50, 55, 59, 67–70, 72–73, Delhi 1947) 30, 39, 67 83–84, 94, 96–97, 99, 107, 109–110, 112, Assam 14–15, 29, 31, 35, 109, 125, 131, 163, 114, 129, 132–133, 137–138, 142, 144, 160, 177–178, 199, 201, 204, 219, 228, 231, 191, 193, 195, 198, 220–221, 231, 241, 245, 238, 245, 261, 290 251, 260, 291, 305, 309 Ayub Khan 145 Clinton, President Bill 249 Ayyangar, M.A. -
CD De La Semaine 27
Semaine 27– 9 juillet 2021 CD de la Semaine 27 JC & Dom Ein Schweizer kämpft für Julian Assange - Nils Melzer wehrt sich gegen westliche Justizwillkür (NZZ) Kompromisse sind nicht seine Sache (NZZ) « Der Schweizer Jurist Nils Melzer, der Uno-Experte für Folter, geht vor allem gegen westliche Staaten vor: «Jeder weiss, dass Schweden und Grossbritannien Assange wegen seiner Wikileaks- Tätigkeit verfolgen und nicht wegen irgendwelcher Sexualdelikte.» Nils Melzer (Uno-Sonderberichterstatter für Folter) » Le juriste suisse Nils Melzer défend Julian Assange, l’homme des Wikileaks contre l’arbitraire judi- ciaire occidental qui n’a rien à envier à l’arbitraire syrien ou iranien, c’est écrit dans les articles. Afin de le maintenir éternellement dans sa prison à l’isolement de Londres dans laquelle il est torturé psychiquement, ils inventent toutes sortes d’histoires avec fausses preuves. La journaliste Katharina Fontana ne mâche pas ses mots. Tout le monde sait qu’on lui reproche d’avoir dit la vérité et qu’il faut le maltraiter suffisamment pour qu’il ne puisse plus dire la vérité et que ça serve d’exemple pour ceux qui voudraient faire pareil derrière lui. Julian Assange ist ein wenig glaubwürdiges Opfer einer grossen Verschwörung (NZZ) « Die Autorin ist Direktorin der Abteilung Strafrecht am Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht in Freiburg im Breisgau sowie Professorin an der Humboldt-Universität Berlin. » Madame la professeure est payée pour enfoncer Julian Assange et Nils Melzer. Donc c’est intéressant de lui donner la parole pour voir comment elle s’y prend. Pour la réfuter, il faut toujours paraphraser Saint-Paul : la loi est l’aiguillon du péché. -
World Bank Document
World Bank-financed Project Public Disclosure Authorized Gansu Revitalization and Innovation Project Social Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Gansu Project Management Office Public Disclosure Authorized April 2019 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 SA TASKS ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 SA METHODS ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Organizational interview and literature collection ............................................................................. 3 1.3.2 FGD ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Key informant interview ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.4 Questionnaire survey ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.5 Field investigation ............................................................................................................................ -
Water Scarcity and Allocation in the Tarim Basin: Decision Structures and Adaptations on the Local Level Niels THEVS
● ● ● ● Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 3/2011: 113-137 Water Scarcity and Allocation in the Tarim Basin: Decision Structures and Adaptations on the Local Level Niels THEVS Abstract: The Tarim River is the major water source for all kinds of human activities and for the natural ecosystems in the Tarim Basin, Xin- jiang, China. The major water consumer is irrigation agriculture, mainly cotton. As the area under irrigation has been increasing ever since the 1950s, the lower and middle reaches of the Tarim are suffering from a water shortage. Within the framework of the Water Law and two World Bank projects, the Tarim River Basin Water Resource Commission was founded in 1997 in order to foster integrated water resource manage- ment along the Tarim River. Water quotas were fixed for the water utili- zation along the upstream and downstream river stretches. Furthermore, along each river stretch, quotas were set for water withdrawal by agricul- ture and industry and the amount of water to remain for the natural ecosystems (environmental flow). Furthermore, huge investments were undertaken in order to increase irrigation effectiveness and restore the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Still, a regular water supply for water consumers along the Tarim River cannot be ensured. This paper thus introduces the hydrology of the Tarim River and its impacts on land use and natural ecosystems along its banks. The water administration in the Tarim Basin and the water allocation plan are elaborated upon, and the current water supply situation is discussed. Finally, the adaptations made due to issues of water allocation and water scarcity on the farm level are investigated and discussed. -
Constraints of Molybdenite Re–Os and Scheelite Sm–Nd Ages on Mineralization Time of the Kukaazi Pb–Zn–Cu–W Deposit, Western Kunlun, NW China
Acta Geochim (2018) 37(1):47–59 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-017-0205-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Constraints of molybdenite Re–Os and scheelite Sm–Nd ages on mineralization time of the Kukaazi Pb–Zn–Cu–W deposit, Western Kunlun, NW China 1 1,2 1 1 Chengbiao Leng • Yuhui Wang • Xingchun Zhang • Jianfeng Gao • 1,3 4 Wei Zhang • Xinying Xu Received: 29 March 2017 / Revised: 3 July 2017 / Accepted: 20 July 2017 / Published online: 26 July 2017 Ó Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Abstract The Kukaazi Pb–Zn–Cu–W polymetallic similar REE patterns and Sm/Nd ratios to those of the deposit, located in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, is a coeval granitoids in the region. Moreover, they also have newly discovered skarn-type deposit. Ore bodies mainly similar Sr and Nd isotopes [87Sr/86Sr = 0.7107–0.7118; occur in the forms of lenses and veins along beddings of the eNd(t) =-4.1 to -4.0] to those of such granitoids, imply- Mesoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. Three ore blocks, KI, ing that the tungsten-bearing fluids in the Kukaazi deposit KII, and KIII, have been outlined in different parts of the probably originate from the granitic magmas. Our results Kukaazi deposit in terms of mineral assemblages. The KI first defined that the Early Paleozoic granitoids could lead to ore block is mainly composed of chalcopyrite, scheelite, economic Mo–W–(Cu) mineralization at some favorable pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and minor pyrite, arsenopyrite, districts in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt and could be and molybdenite, whereas the other two ore blocks are prospecting exploration targets.