DOCSLIB.ORG

The Holocaust Diary Narratives of Testimony, Defiance, Solace and Struggle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Holocaust Diary Narratives of Testimony, Defiance, Solace and Struggle By Chance I Found a Pencil: The Holocaust Diary Narratives of Testimony, Defiance, Solace and Struggle. Fiona Lisabeth Kaufman ―Submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.‖ October, 2010 Faculty of Arts School of Historical Studies University of Melbourne Abstract Traditional attempts to write about the Holocaust focused mainly on the Nazi perpetrators rather than the victims themselves. Addressing this historiographical grievance has grown significantly in the last two decades and this thesis intends to add to the corpus of work reflecting the voice of the victims. To this end, the Holocaust diary as a special literary form will be established, constituting its own special genre which constructs meaning, intention and experience of a particular Jewish diarist at a particular point in history. For this express purpose I have conceived my own concept, de emplotment, serving to exemplify the complexity of the process whereby Jewish victims of the Holocaust reinterpreted the self as their familiar life paradigms had all but disappeared. In doing so, the Holocaust diarists constructed individual narrative identities grappling with the seemingly perpetual dilemma of Holocaust scholars even today, namely, representational adequacy. The answer to the questions as to why the diary genre was conducive to de emplotment and became the choice of so many Jewish victims who wrote during the Holocaust will be examined throughout this work. Coupled with the establishment of a hitherto unfamiliar exploration of the Holocaust diaries focusing on the de emplotment concept, the theoretical framework of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur will be drawn upon significantly. Ricoeur‘s contention of narrative construction, the figuration of narrative identity and the complex relationship between these representations and intention therein, are pivotal to the central contentions reflected in my research. De emplotment analyzed in accordance to Ricoeur‘s philosophical paradigm is central to this study, focusing on the reasons diary writing was conducive to the transitional process the Holocaust exacerbated. Accordingly, the role of Ricoeur‘s intention and attestation when formulating a narrative identity is the basis of the diary classifications delineated, namely narratives of testimony, solace, defiance and struggle. Whilst answers may never be assumed definitive, the above contentions will be pondered, analyzed and discussed, enabling conclusions to ultimately be drawn. 1 Declaration This is to certify that (i) The thesis comprises only my original work towards the PhD except where indicated in the preface. (ii) Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all material used. (iii) The thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices or the thesis is (number of words) as approved by the RHD Committee. Signed __________________ Date _________________ 2 Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance, generous advice and suggestions of my supervisor Dr. Dvir Abramovich, from the University of Melbourne. His encouragement and belief in my topic was integral to the completion of this thesis. Dr Abramovich‘s openness to new ideas, ability to visualize the end product and astute grasp of historical research gave me the inspiration I needed to complete this thesis. I would also like to acknowledge the insightful comments, advice, extensive knowledge of Holocaust diaries and organizational skills of Dr. Lael Nidam Orvieto from Yad Vashem. The time she spent with me was invaluable, as was her encouragement. I would also like to thank Dr. Ziva Shavisky from the University of Melbourne for her time and encouragement. The staff at Beit Theresienstadt on Kibbutz Givat Chaym Ichud in Israel, the library staff at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, The University of Melbourne and, at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in Warsaw, Poland, (Zydowski Instytut Historyczny) were all accommodating, helpful and eager to assist, and I humbly thank all those who assisted me over the last few years. This extends to the School of Graduate Studies at the University of Melbourne, all of whom were unfailingly helpful. I extend a special thank you to Dr. Amos Goldberg from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, who offered insightful and helpful comments in his area of expertise, Holocaust diaries, and was generous with his time and advice. I lovingly acknowledge my parents, Freda and Joseph Kaufman, and husband Philip Symon, without whom this thesis could not have been even contemplated. My parents believed in me, encouraged me and put up with me for weeks on end so I could achieve my goal. Conversely, my husband put up with weeks without me, accompanied me on trips to Europe looking for diaries and researching the lives of diarists, supported my undertaking wholeheartedly from the beginning, and patiently put up with three and a half years of talking about Holocaust diaries. I would like to dedicate this work to my three wonderful children, Sidney, Lior and Adi, who prove on a daily basis that the Jewish people will never be defeated. And, to my diarists, who have been a strong presence in my life for several years, I hope I have stayed true to your words and intentions and have contributed in some way to the words repeated in so many languages, on so many pages and hidden in so many places in the hope that someone, somewhere, would know the fate that befell you. Your diaries survived as testament to the inexplicable, even though most of you did not. The years spent reading your diaries have been a lesson of life which has enriched me far beyond the pages of this work. 3 Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………... 1 Declaration ……………………………………………………………………………..... 2 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………. 3 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… 4 Forward ……………………………………………………………………….. ………....6 Introduction The Thesis ………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Chapter 1 An overview Historical and Theoretical Considerations ……………………………………………..12 The Theoretical Framework: Narrative Identity Emplotment and De emplotment ………………………………………………………..20 The Questions: Why was the diary narrative conducive to de emplotment .................. 25 What is the Role of Intention and Attestation in Classifying the Holocaust Diaries? …..31 Chapter 2 The Narratives of Testimony……………………………………………………………34 Narrative Identity and the Intent to Testify…………………………………………….. 37 The Drive to Record …………………………………………………………………….44 Testimony and the Paradox of Time……………………………………………………. 49 Describing the Inexpressible: Narratives of Testimony…………………………………55 The Language of De emplotment………………………………………………………..62 A Worm who lives in Horseradish………………………………………………………65 The Voice of the Diary ………………………………………………………………….70 The Private Diary‘s Public Face………………………………………………………. 75 Writing for an Audience…………………………………………………………………81 Chapter 3 Narratives of Defiance Rethinking Defiance: The Dilemma……………………………………………………. 83 Defiance Redefined: Further Considerations …………………………………………... 88 Intentionality as Defiance………………………………………………………………. 94 Breaking the Silence: Authentic Defiance through Narration …………………………..97 The Dichotomy of the Private and Public Face of Narratives of Defiance…………….103 The Narrative of the Self as an Expression of Defiance………………………………..108 Defiant Narratives: The Diary as Defiance …………………………………………….113 A Worm Who lives in Horseradish……………………………………………………..119 4 Chapter 4 The Narratives of Solace …………………………………………………………….... 123 Finding Solace in the Act of Writing………………………………………………….. 126 Intent to Console………………………………………………………………………. 133 Mimesis and Solace ……………………………………………………………………139 Dear Diary: The Dialogue of Life………………………………………………………141 Consoling the Self through Narrative…………………………………………………..149 Reconciling Consolation and Recording One‘s Own Destruction……………………..156 The Diary as a Place of Refuge…………………………………………………………161 Chapter 5 The Narratives of Struggle…………………………………………………………….. 166 ―Seeing is not Believing‖ …………………………………………………………… 168 Assimilating the Struggle Linguistically ………………………………………………173 The Struggle to Write…………………………………………………………………. 176 Intentionality and the Dichotomy of the Private and Public Voice…………………….184 The Struggle of the Self through Diary Narrative……………………………………...192 The Collective Struggle through Diary Narrative……………………………………... 199 The Separation of Narrator and Protagonist: The Narration of Struggle ………………204 Chapter 6 Conclusion: Why a Diary? ……………………………………………………………..211 Conclusions about the Diary and De emplotment ……………………………………..217 Conclusions about Intention and Attestation as Reflected in the Diary Narratives … 223 By Chance I found a Pencil …………………………………………………………..227 Bibliography Primary Sources………………………………………………………………………...231 Secondary Sources……………………………………………………………………...234 5 Forward By Chance I found a Pencil It is difficult to write, but I consider it an obligation and am determined to fulfill it with my last ounce of energy. I will write a scroll of agony in order to remember the past in the future. 1 Indeed, Chaim Kaplan‘s Scroll of Agony contributed to the past being remembered in the future. During the Holocaust all those who dared write a song, draw a picture, write a diary or note to someone in danger, left behind a legacy which lives on. Literature of the Holocaust constitutes a unique body of work, and in many ways combines not only personal testimony, but historical facts and psychological insights into human suffering
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mary T. Mccullagh [email protected] BOOKS and FILMS – IDEAS AND
    “Excellence is to do a common thing in an uncommon way.” Booker T. Washington (1856-1915); educator, orator, author Mary T. McCullagh [email protected] Please feel free to contact me with any questions. BOOKS AND FILMS – IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS Bibliographies from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/research/library/bibliography/?lang=en&content=childrens_books# 02-non_fiction Introduction - The following bibliography was compiled to guide parents, educators, and young readers to children’s books about the Holocaust and related subjects that are in the Library’s collection. It is not meant to be exhaustive. Annotations provide a brief description of the story or topic of each book. Call numbers for the Museum’s Library are given in parentheses following each citation. Those unable to visit might be able to find these works in a nearby public library or acquire them through interlibrary loan. Follow the “Find in a library near you” link in each citation and enter your zip code at the Open WorldCat search screen. The results of that search indicate all libraries in your area that own that particular title. Talk to your local librarian for assistance. Fiction • Abram, Alvin. Why, Zaida? Illustrated by Judy Nora Willemsma. Toronto: AMA Graphics, 1997. (PZ 7 .A27 W4 2000) [Find in a library near you] Fictional dialogue between a grandson and his grandfather, who survived the Holocaust as a child. As the grandson inquires about his great-grandparents, who perished during the Holocaust, his grandfather uses analogies from the forest around them to illustrate evil and hate.
    [Show full text]
  • Etty Hillesum & Thomas Merton
    PENNING PATTERNS OF TRANSFORMATION: Etty Hillesum & Thomas Merton by Michael Downey Who is the most significant Christian spiritual writer of the twentieth century? When this question was put to me in the course of my doctoral examination it did not occur to me to advance any other name than that of Gethsemani's most celebrated son. I would stand by my judgment today, even though I see more clearly that Thomas Merton has not been nearly so influential or as widely read in other countries as his American readers are inclined to think. Merton has no rival among Christians in this century when it comes to writing in an engaging and effective fashion about the personal response to the divine initiative. Some may argue that there are others such as the German Jesuit systematic theologian Karl Rahner, or French Dominicans Yves Congar and Marie-Dominique Chenu, or the Swiss Hans Urs von Balthasaar, who are far more significant in the domain of Christian spiritual­ ity. But the work of Rahner, Congar, Chenu, and von Balthasaar is represen­ tative of a more systematic mode of reflection and expression. They have adopted an idiom which writers in the field of spirituality are often hesitant to use. Merton was not a systematic theologian nor was he given to reflec­ tion on the spiritual life in a systematic fashion.1 He was a "spiritual writer" 1. See Anne E. C~rr. A Search for Wisdom and Sptrir: Thomas Merron's Theology of rhe Self (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Noire Dame Press, 1988). 78 Michael Downey Penning Patterns of Transformation 79 primarily concerned with the reality named by that ever-so-slippery term In recent years the writings of another twentieth century figure have "spirituality."2 His attention was given to writing about religious expe­ drawn considerable attention among Christians and Jews, both in the rience as such, i.e., as religious, and as experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Rutka's Broken Wor(L)
    Broken Wor(l)ds: Rutka's Notebook Broken Wor(l)ds: Rutka's Notebook Liliane Steiner, Hemdat Hadarom Academic College, Netivot, Israel Introduction Rutka's Notebook is a diary kept by a young Jewish girl who lived in Bedzin, Poland during the Holocaust. Rutka Laskier started to keep her diary four months before she was deported to Auschwitz. In this diary, written in a school notebook, she recounts her adolescent life in the ghetto as well as her distress vis-à-vis the atrocities the Nazis inflicted upon her and her people. Aware of the risk she ran to be moved to Kamionka, Rutka agreed with Stanislava Sapinska, the apartment owners' daughter whom she had befriended, that she would hide her notebook in the apartment before leaving. In 1945, when the war was over, Sapinska returned to the apartment and found the diary in the place Rutka had indicated1 to her back in 1943. Pages from Rutka's notebook sent by Zahava Shertz, Rutka's half- sister. Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 12 Number 2 (2015) 1 ISSN 1209-9392 © 2015 Women in Judaism, Inc. All material in the journal is subject to copyright; copyright is held by the journal except where otherwise indicated. There is to be no reproduction or distribution of contents by any means without prior permission. Contents do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors. Broken Wor(l)ds: Rutka's Notebook Through the Broken Wor(l)ds Rutka's Notebook was first brought to the public's awareness only in 2006. Rutka’s Polish friend, who decided to reveal her secret to a relative, and pass on this silenced voice, kept this notebook secret for sixty years.2 Though written by a Jewish teenager in distress who was driven by the urge to leave some record, this diary constitutes a literary work which contains ingenious dialectics between form and content, growth and death, sensitivity and evil, life and hell; in short, the economy of the darkest period of history and its impact on Rutka's soul.
    [Show full text]
  • Perpetrators & Possibilities: Holocaust Diaries, Resistance, and the Crisis of Imagination
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 8-3-2006 Perpetrators & Possibilities: Holocaust Diaries, Resistance, and the Crisis of Imagination Eryk Emil Tahvonen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Tahvonen, Eryk Emil, "Perpetrators & Possibilities: Holocaust Diaries, Resistance, and the Crisis of Imagination." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2006. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/14 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PERPETRATORS & POSSIBILITIES: HOLOCAUST DIARIES, RESISTANCE, AND THE CRISIS OF IMAGINATION by ERYK EMIL TAHVONEN Under the Direction of Jared Poley ABSTRACT This thesis examines the way genocide leaves marks in the writings of targeted people. It posits not only that these marks exist, but also that they indicate a type of psychological resistance. By focusing on the ways Holocaust diarists depicted Nazi perpetrators, and by concentrating on the ways language was used to distance the victim from the perpetrator, it is possible to see how Jewish diarists were engaged in alternate and subtle, but nevertheless important, forms of resistance to genocide. The thesis suggest this resistance on the part of victims is similar in many ways to well-known distancing mechanisms employed by perpetrators and that this evidence points to a “crisis of imagination” – for victims and perpetrators alike – in which the capability to envision negation and death, and to identify with the “Other” is detrimental to self-preservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Central European Women's Holocaust Life
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Purdue E-Pubs UNIVERSITY PRESS <http://www.thepress.purdue.edu> CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture ISSN 1481-4374 <http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb> Purdue University Press ©Purdue University The Library Series of the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access quarterly in the humanities and the social sciences CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture publishes scholarship in the humanities and social sciences following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "compara- tive cultural studies." Publications in the Library Series are 1) articles, 2) books, 3) bibliographies, 4) resources, and 5) documents. Contact: <[email protected]> Bibliographical Article Bibliography of Central European Women's Holocaust Life Writing in English <http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/vasvariceushoahbib> Louise O. Vasvári Although the emergence of research on women in the Holocaust dates from the 1980s, the task of integrating the role of women — and that of children — into Holocaust Studies is far from complete, not the least because of the publication of so many women's life writing texts during the last decades, most of which remain virtually unknown. Holocaust scholarship still tends to privilege the Holocaust experience of men as universal and is reluctant to acknowledge testimony that does not follow preconceived gender stereotypes of suitable female behavior or pre- existing narratives of survival (see, e.g., Vasvári, "Women's Holocaust"; Waxman, "Unheard Testimony"; authors of texts of life writing in English are listed in the bibliography; other references are listed in the works cited).
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Frank Companion Kit
    Anne Frank Companion Kit Contents Book Title Quantity A Family Secret from the Anne Frank House (comic/graphic 2 novel) Heuvel, Eric, and Lorraine T Miller. A Family Secret from the Anne Frank House. Redhill Illustrations, 2007. While searching his grandmother's attic for likely items to sell at a yard sale, Jeroen finds a photo album that brings back hard memories for his grandmother, Helena. Helena tells Jeroen for the first time about her experiences during the German occupation of the Netherlands during the Second World War (Fiction) Anne Frank Remembered by Miep Gies 1 Gies, Miep, and Alison Leslie. Gold. Anne Frank Remembered. Bath, Paragon, 2010. For the millions moved by Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, this is Miep Geis's own astonishing story hiding the Franks from the Nazis for over two years. (Non-fiction) Anne Frank’s Chestnut Tree 1 Kohuth, Jane. Anne Frank’s Chestnut Tree. Illus. Elizabeth Sayles. Random House, 2013. Hidden away in their Secret Annex in Amsterdam during World War II, the Franks could not see the blue sky for years. But through an attic window Anne could see the branches of a tall chestnut tree. Jane Kohuth explores Anne Frank's strong belief in the healing power of nature in this Step 3 leveled reader biography. (Non-fiction) Courage to Care 2 Rittner, Carol A., and Sondra Myers. The Courage to Care. New York, NY, New York Univ. Pr., 1989. The extraordinary story of a few non-Jews who risked their lives to rescue and protect Jews from Nazi persecution in Europe during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Etty Hillesum: Esse Quam Videri – Reformed Christian Perspectives on a Spiritual Journey
    In die Skriflig / In Luce Verbi ISSN: (Online) 2305-0853, (Print) 1018-6441 Page 1 of 11 Original Research Etty Hillesum:Esse quam videri – Reformed Christian perspectives on a spiritual journey Author: Etty Hillesum, known as the adult Anne Frank, diarised her emotional and intellectual journey 1 Raymond Potgieter from 09 March 1941 to 15 September 1943, a final postcard thrown from the train en route to Affiliation: Auschwitz from Westerbork transit camp. Her diarising initially aided her therapeutically to 1Department of Systematic analyse her personal feelings rationally. But the changing circumstances in the Netherlands, Theology and Apologetics, due to the Nazi occupation in addition to her own turmoil, turned her diarising into a highly Faculty of Theology, personal inner conversation. She initially addressed herself. As her conversation deepened, it North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa took on the semblance of a two-way conversation. Hillesum eventually concluded that she was conversing with God. Her life became more meaningful as she adopted a New Testament Corresponding author: servant mentality and attitude of forgiveness towards her Nazi enemies. It was this attitude Raymond Potgieter, that compelled her to serve the younger women of Westerbork transit camp, but also to tell [email protected] them of God’s power in forgiveness and hope for the future. This study will attempt to show Dates: Hillesum’s place within Reformed theological thinking. This is a necessary exercise, as many Received: 13 Mar. 2019 people do not only drift away from the church, but do not turn to it or to Christian ministers Accepted: 14 Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • MICHIEL HORN, YORK UNIVERSITY David Koker’S Diary: a Year in Vught, 1943-1944
    MICHIEL HORN, YORK UNIVERSITY David Koker’s Diary: A Year in Vught, 1943-1944 “Eleven months today. Hurrah, hurrah. One year next month. And still in Holland. With my entire family. ,DPZHOOVDWLV¿HG´1 With these words the university student and poet David Koker began his diary entry of January 12, 1944. The source of this sense of satisfaction may seem strange. What David was celebrating was his family’s stay in Vught concentration camp, known to the Germans as KZ Herzogenbusch. Seen in the context of “het Grote Verdriet (the Great Sorrow),” the poignant term used by the journalist and broadcaster Meyer Sluyser to describe the Shoah,2 David’s remark makes excellent sense. Staying in Vught meant not being transported to the camp at Westerbork and then deported to Poland. Even those who did not know what was happening in Poland – David found out only in November, 1943 – did not want to go there. As long as you stayed in the Netherlands, you were more or less safe, or so it seemed. Germany and Poland were countries where only bad things seemed likely to happen to Jews. The concentration camp at Mauthausen, for example, was held in great fear after hundreds of Jewish young men from Amsterdam, Enschede and Arnhem were sent there in the course of 1941. None survived.3 Something else is strange about the diary entry: the fact that it, along with the rest of the diary found its way into print. The number of surviving and published concentration camp diaries is small indeed. Renata Laqueur, a survivor of Bergen-Belsen, mentions thirteen;4 my friend and colleague Robert Jan van Pelt, who has made a VWXG\RIWKLVVXEMHFWKDVVDLGWKDWWKHUHDUHDWRWDORI¿IWHHQIURPDOOWKHFDPSVLQ(XURSH5 Half a dozen of these were written by Netherlanders, the best-known among them Etty Hillesum (1914-43)6 and Philip Mechanicus (1889-1944),7 both of whom kept diaries in Westerbork.
    [Show full text]
  • Musique Et Camps De Concentration
    Colloque « MusiqueColloque et « campsMusique de concentration »et camps de Conseilconcentration de l’Europe - 7 et 8 novembre » 2013 dans le cadre du programme « Transmission de la mémoire de l’Holocauste et prévention des crimes contre l’humanité » Conseil de l’Europe - 7 et 8 novembre 2013 Éditions du Forum Voix Etouffées en partenariat avec le Conseil de l’Europe 1 Musique et camps de concentration Éditeur : Amaury du Closel Co-éditeur : Conseil de l’Europe Contributeurs : Amaury du Closel Francesco Lotoro Dr. Milijana Pavlovic Dr. Katarzyna Naliwajek-Mazurek Ronald Leopoldi Dr. Suzanne Snizek Dr. Inna Klause Daniel Elphick Dr. David Fligg Dr. h.c. Philippe Olivier Lloica Czackis Dr. Edward Hafer Jory Debenham Dr. Katia Chornik Les vues exprimées dans cet ouvrage sont de la responsabilité des auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement la ligne officielle du Conseil de l’Europe. 2 Sommaire Amaury du Closel : Introduction 4 Francesco Lotoro : Searching for Lost Music 6 Dr Milijana Pavlovic : Alma Rosé and the Lagerkapelle Auschwitz 22 Dr Katarzyna Naliwajek–Mazurek : Music within the Nazi Genocide System in Occupied Poland: Facts and Testimonies 38 Ronald Leopoldi : Hermann Leopoldi et l’Hymne de Buchenwald 49 Dr Suzanne Snizek : Interned musicians 53 Dr Inna Klause : Musicocultural Behaviour of Gulag prisoners from the 1920s to 1950s 74 Daniel Elphick : Mieczyslaw Weinberg: Lines that have escaped destruction 97 Dr David Fligg : Positioning Gideon Klein 114 Dr. h.c. Philippe Olivier : La vie musicale dans le Ghetto de Vilne : un essai
    [Show full text]
  • Etty Hillesum: for God and with God
    ETTY HILLESUM: FOR GOD AND WITH GOD Alexandra Pleshoyano TTY HILLESUM, A YOUNG JEWISH WOMAN who had been living in EAmsterdam, died in Auschwitz on 30 November 1943 at the age of 29. She left behind a diary and 73 letters, and more letters are still being found.1 Hillesum’s writings articulate a remarkable experience of God during times when many just abandoned a faith that seemed so useless. Who could still talk about an almighty God in Auschwitz? Why would we need a God apparently so indifferent, or perhaps helpless? Many theologians, especially Jewish theologians, have tried to find a new way of understanding God in response to the Shoah. But rather than trying to define God, Etty Hillesum sought to defend and even to help God. How did this happen? What was God to her, and could her God be of any use to us today? Could her writings help us too to live for God and with God in a world distorted by the excesses of hatred and violence? Can she help us come to terms with the sheer variety of spiritualities now presented to us? Etty found God while keeping her distance from the tenets of any religion. Following a discussion about Christ and the Jews, she wrote: Two philosophies, sharply defined, brilliantly presented, rounded off; defended with passion and vigour. But I can’t help feeling that every hotly championed philosophy hides a little lie. That it must fall short of ‘the truth’. And yet I myself will have to find a philosophy to live by, a fenced-in space of my own, violently seized and passionately defended.
    [Show full text]
  • The Teacher's Guide
    THE TEACHER ’S GUIDE FOR Using Diaries as Primary Sources III Study of the Holocaust in the Netherlands III Etty: A Conversation Credits This Teacher’s Guide was created by Jane R. Denny, Director of Education at the Center for Holocaust, Human Rights & Genocide Education at Brookdale Community College, Lincroft, New Jersey. We are very grateful and deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah Dwork and Alexandra Zapruder for their professional guidance and their generosity in allowing us to use their scholarly research in this Teacher’s Guide. Excerpts from Dwork’s Children With A Star: Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe and Zapruder’s Salvaged Pages: Young Writers’ Diaries of the Holocaust appear in the Guide. The Center for Holocaust, Human Rights & Genocide Education at Brookdale Community College gratefully acknowledges the B’nai Sholom/Beth El Foundation of Congregation Torat El, Oakhurst, New Jersey for funding for this Teacher’s Guide. This Teacher’s Guide has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany. This Guide is made possible in part by the Monmouth County Arts Council through funding from the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders, the County Historical Commission and the New Jersey State Council on the Arts/Department of State, a partner agency of the National Endowment of the Arts. This Teacher’s Guide has been supported by a grant from Target. Copyright © 2011 by the Center for Holocaust, Human Rights & Genocide Education at Brookdale Community College All rights reserved. Table of Contents III This comprehensive guide can be used as an independent learning resource, as well as a companion piece providing historical context to the dramatic production of Etty: A Conversation .
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) ‘Als ik morgen niet op transport ga, ga ik ‘s avonds naar de revue’: kamp Westerbork in brieven, dagboeken en memoires (1942-2010) Moraal, E.M. Publication date 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Moraal, E. M. (2013). ‘Als ik morgen niet op transport ga, ga ik ‘s avonds naar de revue’: kamp Westerbork in brieven, dagboeken en memoires (1942-2010). General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 Hoofdstuk 2: ‘Ik wilde dat ik de gave bezat om alles op papier vast te leggen’: geschiedschrijving en egodocumenten 2.1. INLEIDING Over Westerbork is in de loop der tijd veel geschreven. Zowel (voormalig) kampingezetenen, als wetenschappers en andere (professioneel) geïnteresseerden hebben geprobeerd dit kamp te duiden.
    [Show full text]