JERUSALEMJERUSALEM YadYadQUARTERLY MAGAZINE, VashemVashem VOL. 46, SUMMER 2007 Yad Vashem Chairman: “ Fulfill Obligations to Survivors”(p. 3) Rutka’s Notebook (pp. 6-7) JERUSALEM Contents YadYadMAGAZINE, VOL.VashemVashem 46, Av 5767, July 2007 End the Genocide in Darfur 2 Published by: Yad Vashem Chairman: 3 “Fulfill Obligations to Survivors” Expanding Frontiers 4-5 Yad Vashem Adelson Fund enables growth in education and outreach New Publications 6-7 The Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority Diary of a Teenage Girl: Rutka’s Notebook The “Final Solution” in Eretz Yisrael 8 Chairman of the Council: JosephProfessor (Tommy) Szewach Lapid Weiss End the Genocide in New study reveals secret Nazi plan for the Yishuv Vice Chairmen of the Council: Dr. Yitzhak Arad Dr. Israel Singer “Who Am I Really?” Krakow Orphanage “Children” 9 Professor Elie Wiesel give testimony at Yad Vashem Chairman of the Directorate: Avner Shalev New Research Project: 10 DARFUR The Chronicle of Deportations Director General: NathanIshai Amrami Eitan n 29 April, “Global Day for Darfur,” Art 10-11 Chairman of the Yad Vashem Council Head of the International Institute The Portrait and the Maiden Joseph (Tommy) Lapid and Chairman for Holocaust Research: Professor Professor David David Bankier Bankier O of the Yad Vashem Directorate Avner New Charlotte Salomon acquisition for the Art collection Chief Historian: Professor Dan Michman Education 12-13 Shalev sent a letter to UN Secretary General Ban Academic Advisors: Professor Professor YehudaYehuda BauerBauer More Than Just Knowledge Ki-moon urging him to do everything in his power Professor Israel Gutman Using contemporary art to teach the Holocaust to stop the genocide in Darfur. “It is not sufficient Members of the Yad Vashem Directorate: for the international community to issue ShmuelNimrod Aboav,Barkan, Edna Edna Ben-Horin, Ben-Horin, ChaimChaim Chesler, Closing a Circle 14 condemnations and statements via the United Abraham Duvdevani, NoachOded Eran, Flug, StefanStefan Grayek,Grayek, Rescuer and survivor meet thanks to the Names Database Nations, while this Khartoum-sponsored genocide Moshe Ha-Elion, Yehiel Leket,Leket, TzipiLinda Livni, Olmert, Linda Olmert,Galila Ron-Feder-Amit, Adv. Dov Shilansky, Adv. Effi Dov Shtensler, Shilansky, Baruch Dr. Rescuer of Hundreds of Children Awarded 15 is taking place,” they wrote. “Concrete steps must Shub,Israel Singer,Amira Stern,Amira Professor Stern, Professor Jochanan Jochanan Stessman, Honorary Citizenship be taken; we must do everything to ensure that Adv.Stessman, Shoshana Ronit Weinshall, Tirosh, Adv. Eli ShoshanaZborowski, Weinshall, Dudi News 16-19 the Security Council sends troops to Darfur to ZilbershlagEli Zborowski restore security. Every day that passes adds THE MAGAZINE Friends Worldwide 20-23 THE MAGAZINE thousands of names to the list of dead.” Editor-in-Chief: Iris Rosenberg For more than three years, an unrestrained Editor-in-Chief: Iris Rosenberg Managing Editor: Leah Goldstein genocide has been taking place in Darfur, under Managing Editor: Leah Goldstein Editorial Board: Yifat Bachrach-Ron the sponsorship of the Khartoum government. Editorial Board: DeborahYifat Bachrach-Ron Berman Since the beginning of the crisis, some 400,000 SusanOrit Guttel Weisberg CynthiaBenzi Kluwgant Wroclawski Editorial men, women and children have been murdered, EsteeCynthia Yaari Wroclawski and some 2.5 million people displaced from their Bearing Witness”—the theme for this year’s Estee Yaari homes. Tens of thousands of women have been Editorial Coordinator: Lilach Tamir-Itach Holocaust Remembrance Day—continues in this Editorial Coordinator: Lilach Tamir-Itach raped, and many thousands of sick and wounded Language Editor: Emma Sass edition with many moving stories and newly Language Editor: Emma Sass “ have died due to lack of medicines. The aid sent discovered artifacts that reveal previously unknown Translated by: Sagir Translations Inc. by humanitarian organizations to Darfur does not Translated by: Sagir Translations Inc. facets of the Shoah. The diary of Rutka Laskier (see pp. 6- Assisted by: Alexander Avraham, Professor always reach those in need, and even that which David Bankier, Assisted Rachel by: Alexander Barkai, ShayaAvraham, Ben Professor Yehuda, 7) has piqued world interest as the young girl’s dreams, David Bankier, Rachel Barkai, Shaya Ben Yehuda, arrives is often not enough. Dalia Cohen, Limor Karo, Osnat Levy, Ayala Peretz, hopes and fears are disclosed to the public after more than DoritDalia Cohen,Novak, OsnatDana Porath,Levy, Ayala Elli Mizrachi,Sacks, Amanda Dana Lapid and Shalev reminded the Secretary Smulowitz,Porath, Dr. MottiHillel Solomon,Shalem, Amanda Malka Tor,Smulowitz, Elana Weiser, Hillel 60 years. The visit to Yad Vashem by the “Krakow Orphanage Solomon, Irena Steinfeldt General of their discussion during his recent visit Jeremy Zauder Children” and their captivating and moving group testimony to Yad Vashem. “As the heads of the Jewish people’s Photography: Yossi Ben David, Isaac Harari has helped build a more detailed picture of the experiences Photography: Yossi Ben David, Isaac Harari, Effi Neumann central organization for commemorating the of young children during the Holocaust (see p. 9). And Production: Dfus Kal Holocaust—a genocide that took place while the the latest addition to the Art Museum collection of a delicate Design: Stephanie & Ruti Design world stood silently by—we feel a special obligation Design: Stephanie & Ruti Design portrait of a young Jewish girl saved during the war tells to sound the alarm on Darfur. In order to uphold This magazine was published with the assistance a story of human kindness and tragedy in just a few fine This ofmagazine Canit Hashalom was published Investments with the LTD. assistance the values and commitments spelled out in the UN of Canit Hashalom Investments LTD. lines (see p. 11). In addition, over the past year, the generous Charter, we urge you to use the full moral authority Yad Vashem Jerusalem Magazine support of the Adelson Family Charitable Foundation has Yad Vashem Jerusalem Magazine of your office to do everything possible to put an P.O. Box 3477, Jerusalem 91034, Israel allowed Yad Vashem to expand and enrich its educational Tel:P.O. 972-2-6443413, Box 3477, Jerusalem Fax: 972-2-6443409 91034, Israel end to the horrific crimes taking place in Darfur,” Tel: 972-2-6443413,[email protected] Fax: 972-2-6443409 and outreach programs across the board (see pp. 4-5). [email protected] they stressed. www.yadvashem.org With all these new developments, Yad Vashem continues www.yadvashem.orgISSN 0793-7199 In March, refugees from Sudan visited Yad ISSN 0793-7199 to nurture its special relationship with those who are still ©Articles appearing in this issue may be reprinted Vashem at the initiative of the Committee for the ©Articles appearing in this issue may be reprinted able to bear witness—the survivors. As they continue to with proper acknowledgement. Advancement of Refugees from Darfur in Israel. with proper acknowledgement. give testimony to the events they endured over six decades Yad Vashem’s activities are supported by During their visit, Yad Vashem called again on the theYad Ministry Vashem’s of activitiesEducation, are Culture supported and by Sport ago, we persist in bringing their needs and their legacy to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport Israeli government to act towards a resolution of the attention of our policy-makers, our fellow Jews, and the Claims Conference the problems faced by refugees from Darfur and the Claims Conference our youth (see p. 3). and the Jewish Agency for Israel southern Sudan who have arrived in Israel. and the Jewish Agency for Israel Cover: Two youth group representatives accompany Holocaust survivor Yehiel Frenkel at the Remembrance 2 Day Youth Movements Ceremony, April 2007. Hundreds of Holocaust survivors attend the Remembrance Day Youth Movements Ceremony in April. Yad Vashem Chairman: “Fulfill Obligations to Survivors” by Leah Goldstein t the Youth Movements Ceremony on my life would have turned out without the youth years since the Holocaust until today, from the Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ movement [in the ghetto],” Aviram said. “During spiritual resilience and creative and practical strength Remembrance Day this April, Yad Vashem those two hours in the ‘ken,’ two or three times of these survivors, who went through hell and A Directorate Chairman Avner Shalev called a week, I wasn’t hungry. I didn’t remember the emerged victorious. Once again we affirm, here on upon the Israeli government to “fulfill its obligations hunger. That is, if all the people in the ghetto were the Mount of Remembrance, our promise to the to the Holocaust survivors living in our midst.” hungry seven days a week, 24 hours a day, we in the survivors that we will do everything possible to Under the title “Bearing Witness”—the central movement—three days a week at least—were hungry perpetuate the memory of the Holocaust in a theme for Holocaust Remembrance Day 2007— for only 22 hours a day…” meaningful way.” the youth movements saluted the Holocaust Shalev addressed the youth movement members The day before Holocaust Remembrance Day survivors for their contribution to the founding directly, reminding them of their responsibility “to Eve, Shalev addressed a large crowd at the and strengthening of the State of Israel. The remember, to show solidarity, to embrace the “Embracing Holocaust Victims” rally held in Tel assembly—organized jointly by the Education survivors and to tell them that you will continue Aviv. Once again, he called on the government to Ministry, the Centre of Organizations of Holocaust bearing the torch.” deal with the dire poverty faced by many survivors. Survivors in Israel, and the “Generation to Concluding his address, the Yad Vashem And in mid-June, Shalev turned to the Finance and Generation” organization—was held at Yad Vashem’s Chairman honored all the survivors “who chose to Welfare Ministries to find, without delay, the fastest Warsaw Ghetto Square in the presence of the Director start their lives over in Eretz Yisrael.