PKOCEEDINGS

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND.

HUNDRED AND NINTH SESSION, 1888-9.

ANNIVEESAEY MEETING, 30th November 1888. SIR ARTHUR MITCHELL, K.C.B., M.D., LL.D., in the Chair. recommendatioOe nth Councile th f nEigho e Th , t Hon Countese .th s of Selkirk was elected a Lady Associate of the Society. The following Gentlemen were Balloted for, and admitted Correspond- ing Members of the Society :— Captain EDWARD HAIRBY, F.E.G.S. Rev. ALBAN H. WEIGHT, Professor, Codrington College, Barbadoes. . WATT W. Brecknessf G .To , Orkney. His Grace The Duke of Atholl was admitted a Fellow of the Society without Ballot. A Ballot having been taken, the following Gentlemen were duly elected Fellows of the Society :— Dr CHARLES HENRY BEDFORD, 2 Windsor Street. WILLIAM MOIR BRYCE, Searcher of Eecords, 5 Dick Place. DAVID B. CLARK, M.A., Clairmont, Pollokshields. VOL. XXIII. A PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, NOVEMBER 30, 1888.

Rev. JAME . OROMBIBSM , Cumberland, Ontario. GEORGE DOBIE 0 Wes1 , t Mayfield. J. F. FINLAY, Bengal Civil Service. WILLIAM GORDON of Tarvie, Perthshire. ROBERT HUMPHREY, Tower Park, York Road, Trinity. PHILIP M. C. KERMODE, Ramsey, Isle of Man. WILLIA M. KINGJ Coate3 , s Place. Vere Th y Rev . CAMEROJ . N LEES, D.D. Rev. CHRISTOPHER M'KuNE, Minister of Crawfortl. JOHN REDDOCH MACLUCKIE, Braeside, Falkirk. Rev. S. M. MAYHEW, Vice-President of the Archieological Association, Vicar of St Paul's, Londoti. . ALEXANDER SCOT f AshbankTo , Fife. . SKELTONH . J , Crossley Hall, Bradford. JOHN STEUART of Ballechin, Perthshire.

The Office-Eearers for the ensuing year were elected as follows :— Patron. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. President. THE MOST HON. THE MARQUIS op LOTHIAN. K.T., LL.D. Vice-Presidents. Right Hon EARe th STAIR. F LO , K.T., LL.D. Sir ARTHUR MITCHELL, K.C.B., M.D., LL.D. JOHN RITCHIE FINDLAY. Councillors. . NOEL-PATONJ r Si , Kt.,^ Representing . FETTEW r Si S DOUGLAS, LL.D., LL.D., R.S.A., \ ilie Board P.R.S.A. FRANCIS ABBOTT, J of Trustees. . TURNERW Prof r Si . , M.B., LL.D. . MAXWELLE . H r Si , Bart., M.P. R. W. COCHRAN PATRICK, LL.D. Professor D. MASSON, LL.D. Professor DUNS, D.D. THOMAS GRAVES LAW. Secretaries. DAVID CHRISTISON, M.D. ROBERT MUNRO, M.A., M.D. JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D., Assistant Secretary. WILLIAM FORBES, ) Secretaries for Foreign THOMAS DICKSON, LL.D., Register House, j Correspondence. ANNIVERSARY MEETING. 3

Treasurer. GILBERT GODDIE, 39 Northumberland Street.

Curators of the Museum. EGBERT CARFRAE | JOH. . REIDNJ , B.A.

Curator Coins.of ADA . MRICHARDSONB .

Librarian. JOHN TAYLOR BROWN. e motio r Arthuth Si n f O no r Mitchell a specia, l vot f thankeo s wa s . RJ .r giveFindla services M Societe hi o nt r th y fo o Secretars t sy a r yfo the past seven years.

e followinTh namee g th lis f f Fellowo tso s deceased sinc e dateth f eo the last Annual Meeting was read hy the Secretary :—

FELLOWS. Elcctecl ROBERT HERDMAN, R.S.A., Vice-President, .... 1873 Rev. E L. BARNWELL, Melksham, Wilts, . • . . . 1865 Rev. ALEXANDER CAMERON, LL.D., Brodick, .... 1883 ROBERT CHAMBERS, Publisher, Edinburgh, .... 1885 . COULTHAHR . J Coultharf To Collynd an t , .... 1851 Col. CHARLES ELLIOT, C.B., London, ..... 1885 Capt. WILLIAM GILLON, Wallhouse,...... 1881 JOHN GRANT, Marchmont Herald, ...... 1885 Rev. THOMAS GREENBURY, Leeds, ...... 1870 WILLIAM HAT, Architect, ...... 1882 JOHN HENRY Luis, Merchant, Dundee, ..... 1879 Rev . MACKINNONJ . , . F.C188. 8. Minister . , Nigg. , WILLIAM M'DoWELL, Dumfries, ...... 1885 GEORGE HARRISON PARK, Artist, ...... 1880 DAVID PETRIE, Nelson Street, Edinburgh, . . • . . 1880 ROBERT MACKAY SMITH, Bellevue Crescent, Edinburgh . 185 . . 3, THOMAS SPOWART of Broomhead, Dunfermline, . . . 1873 Rev. JOHN STRUTHERS, LL.D., Minister of Prestonpans, . . 1850 CHARLE . WILSONSE , LL.D., Senior Inspecto Schoolsf o r . 187, 0 4 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , NOVEMBE , 188830 R .

ROBERT HERDMAN ,beed R.S.A.ha nFello a e Societ o th wh ,f w r o yfo fourteen years and a member of the Council for three years, was made Vice-President in 1887, and presided at the meeting of the Society immediately previous to his sudden and lamented death. He did not contribute papers, but he was a frequent attender at the evening meeting e Societyth f d tooso an ,keek a n e interesth n i the n i d t man general work of the Society.

WILLIAM M'DOWELL, editor of the Dumfries Standard, and author of the History of Dumfries, Memorials of St Michael's, and the Chron- icles of Linduden, as an Abbey and as a College, the latter only recently published, was also well known for his journalistic and other writings, extending over nearl e whol a lonth yd activ f go an e leso en slifer fo , than forty-two year d bee f whicha o s n e h editoe Journal th f o r with whic closelo s s nam hs hi yewa identified.

KORBRT MACKAY SMITH had been a Fellow of the Society for the long period of thirty-five years, and though not actively connected with e executiveth manifestee h , warmese th d t interes s generait n i t l work, and was a frequent attender of the meetings. Along with the late Pro- fessor Sir J. Y. Simpson, he represented the Society on the memorable excursion from the Dublin meeting of the British Association to the Aran Isles.

Rev. E. L. BARNWBLL, M.A., was an accomplished archaeologist, for many years a member of the Council of the Cambrian Association, and a frequent contributor to the Journal of that Society, chiefly in connec- tion with his researches among the Stone Monuments of Wales and Brittany. Although he did not contribute papers to this Society, he took a warm interest in its objects, and we owe to his generosity the e Museu th e gifuniqu o th t t f mo e stone hammer-head from Maysmore, North Wales generallw no , y knowe finesth s ta n specime n ornaa f no - mented stone hammer in any collection.

Rev. ALEXANDER CAMERON, LL.D., ministe e Freth f eo r Church, Brodick, an eminent Celtic scholar, the founder and editor of the ANNIVERSARY MEETING. 5

Scottish Celtic Review, and a prolific writer on the grammatical and philological peculiarities and relations of the Gaelic language, had but recently joined the Society, and was so much occupied with his special wor f collectinko g material Etymologican a r sfo l Gaelic Dictionary, that contributions of papers were hardly to be expected from him, but he showe dwara m interes e Societywore th th f ko n i t .

Eev. Dr JOHN STRUTHKRS, minister of Prestonpans, took much interest locan i l researches, som f whico e e contributeh Proceedingse th o dt f o e Societyth s taste Hi chiefle y directio.th la s n i y f genealogyno d an , e minoth r domesti d ecclesiasticaan c l antiquitie e countryth f so , which mand ha ye h opportunitie f noticin so s frequenhi n o g t journeyn a s a s Assembly delegate.

The meeting resolved to record their sense of the loss the Society had sustaine e deathth n f thesdi so e members.

e TreasureTh r submitte e Auditeth d d Accounts, wit a generah l Abstract of the Society's Funds, which was ordered to be printed and circulated among the Fellows. e SecretarTh y rea Annuae dth l ReporSociete e Boarth th f o tf o y t do Trustees, approved by the Council, and ordered to be transmitted to the Lord H.Mf so . Treasury follows a , s :—

ANNUAL KEPOR e Societth f o Tf Antiquarieo y f Scotlano s e th o t d Honourable the Board of Trustees for Manufactures in Scotland, yeae foth r r ending 30th September 1888 :— The Museum during the past year has been open as formerly, except durin montgthe Novemberhof , closewhe was usuadnas it cleaninfor l g rearrangementd an . e followinTh g table show e numbeth s f visitoro r r eacfo s h month 6 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , NOVEMBE , 188830 R .

during the year, distinguishing between day visitors and visitors on the Saturday evenings, viz. :—

MONTHS. DAY SATURDAY TOTAL. VlSITOKS. EVENINGS.

October, . 3,949 514 4,463 December, 3,484 287 3,771 January, . 8,027 286 8,313 February, 2,846 278 3,124 March, . 2,954 340 3,294 April, 3,344 294 3,638 May, 4,422 288 4,710 June, 4,734 335 5,069 July, 10,585 581 11,166 August, . 10,958 899 11,857 Septein ber, 8,924 956 9,880

Total, 64,227 5,058 69,285

Previous Year, . . 63,865 3,396 67,261

Increase, . 362 1,662 2,024

During the year there have been presented to the Museum 922 articles of antiquity, and the donations to the Library amount to 56 volumes of books and pamphlets. During the year 2864 articles of antiquity have also been added to the Museum, and 52 volumes of books to the Library, by purchase. Among the donations special e collectiomentiomade th b f y eo nma n presented by Sir Herbert Eusta,co Maxwell, Bart., M.P., F.S.A. Scot., amounting to nearly 800 specimens, chiefly from Galloway. Amon e purchaseth g s special e made—(1mentiob y e th ma n f o ) Chessme f walruo n s ivory, froe islanmth f Lewiso d , acquiree th t a d Londesborough Sale; (2) the Cadboll Brooches, found at Eogart, Sutherlandshir larga ) n 1868e(3 i e collectiod an ; f Articleso n , princi- pally illustrative of the old social and domestic life of the rural districts . FINDLAYR . J , Secretary. • ' • f Scotlando . PURCHASEI S E FOMUSEUMTH K .

MONDAY, IQtJt December 1888.

SIR AKTHUR MITCHELL, Vice-President, in the Chair.

A Ballot having been taken, the following Gentlemen were duly elected Fellows:— FREDERICK OSCAR OERTIL, Architect and Civil Engineer, Indian Public Works Department, Agra. Professo . SHIELJ r D NICHOLSON, M.A., D.Sc., Universit Edinburghf yo .

The following articles, acquired by the Purchase Committee for the Museum and Library during the recess, 28th April to 30th November 1888, were exhibited :— 1. Adze of fine-grained sandstone, 4^ inches in length by 2j inches acros e cuttinsth g face—from Hamilton. f bronzeo e FlaAx ,t 5| inche n lengti s y 3b ^h inche greatesn i s t breadth—from Dores, Inverness-shire. Taper-HoldeA f brasso r , wit hPipina g Iron combined. 2. Axe of reddish flint, 2f inches in length by 1J inches in breadth across the cutting face—found at Xewbarns, Meldrum, Aberdeenshire. Ax gref o e y flint inche3 , lengtn si 1|y hb - inches acros cuttine th s g face—foun Feeddaln o d e Farm, Keithhall, Aberdeenshire. Axe of fine-grained sandstone, 4f inches in length by 1| inches in breadth across the cutting face—found on Barra Hill, Aberdeenshire. Ax greenstonef eo J4 , inche lengtn si 2^y hb - inche breadtn si h across cuttine th g face—foun t Heatherwicka d , Keithhall, Aberdeenshire. Ax f greeniso e h claystone, 3f inche n lengti s y 3b hj inchen i s breadth across the cutting face, the butt end having been used as a hammer-stone—found at Eedhouse, Bourtie, Aberdeenshire. f granitio e Ax c stone 6 inche, n lengti s y 2b hf inche breadtn i s h acros cuttine sth g face—foun t Inveramsaya d . granitiof cAxe stone, 6f inche lengtin s 2fby h inche breadtsin h across the cutting face—found at Mains of Barras, Bourtie, Aberdeen-, shire. PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , DECEMBE , 188810 R . f basalto e ,Ax 7-J inche lengtn i s 2y fb h inches acros e cuttinth s g face—also foun t Mainda f Barrasso , Bourtie, Aberdeenshire. Axe of granitic stone, much decomposed, measuring 7f inches in lengt inche3 y h b breadtn si h acros cuttine sth g face—foun t Gordona d - stone, Aberdeenshire. Ornamented Bal f quartzoso l e sandstone, 2| inche diametern i s , with four projecting discs, occupying the whole circumference of the ball. Seventeen Arrow-Heads of flint—found in. Aberdeenshire. Stone Disc, oblong stone, with a groove round e n middleAnvil-Stona th d an ; f granite—o e ; from Aberdeenshire. 3. Polished Axe of sandstone, 5| inches in lengt 2y hfb inche breadtn si h acros cuttine sth g face—from Kilbarchan, Eenfrewshire. Ornamented Keyhole Plate of wrought iron. . Ax4 f greeniso e h claystone, 6J inchen i s length by 21 inches in breadth across the cutting face—foun Freught da , Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire. Eim of Cinerary Urn, 13 J inches in diameter —from Mid Torrs, Glenluce, Wigtownshire. Star-shaped Bea bluf do e porcellani r vitreouco s composition—from Mid Torrs. . Adz5 granitif eo c stone, 10J inche lengtn si h b Jy2 inche breadthn si , partly polished bute th , t end roughened and tapering—from New Zealand. 6. Polished stone Hammer-Head—from Inver- „. . -D T T, , ai aray. This hammer-head, which is shown in the Fig. 1. Polished Stone J ' Hammer, from Inver- annexed figure (fig. 1), is of a somewhat. rare aray (5g length)inn i . . ^^ disfci ngus cylindicait i sney b d l body, flat- tened butt, and small projections opposite the centre of the haft hole. It measures 5| inches in length by If inches in greatest breadth across the cutting edge. 7. Adz lavaf eo , measuring lOf inche lengthn si , 3| inche breadthn si , and an inch in thickness, roughly chipped at the butt end, finely polishe lowee th n dri part—from Hawaii. PURCHASES FOE THE MUSEUM. 9

8. Adze of sandstone, 6f inches in length by If inches in breadth, probably from Labrador. Thin Oval Disc of quartz, 4 inches in length by 2J inches in breadth. Pipe-Hea f browdo n slate, fashione e shapIndian'n a th f n edo i s head. Portio elaboratelan nof y carved Pip dareof k slate—from Vancouver's Island. 9. Bronze Sword, leaf-shaped, 23 j inche n lengthi s , rivewito tw ht e wingsrivee e th handle-plate On th slon ta i hole .n i td o san tw d an , still remains. The sword was found in Poldar Moss, Stirlingshire. . Lowe10 r Ston a Quer f eo f mica-schistno , 17 inche diametern si — from Lochaber. 11. Fifty-seven Arrow-Head f flinto s , from Faleria d twenty-fouan , r Arrow-Heads and one Knife of flint—from the Abruzzi, Italy. 12. Fourteen polished Axe-Heads of stone, varying from 1^ inches to inche3 length—fron si m Alexandretta, Asia Minor. 13. Spear-Head of bronze, the blade leaf-shaped, the socket pierced riveo bytw t holes, total length 8^ inches—found near Falkirk. Flanged Celt of bronze, 4J inches in length by 2 inches in width across the cutting face—from Busby; Lanarkshire. 14. Collection of small Cores of Flint, and minute Flint Implements of unknown use—from the Vindhya Hills, Bengal. 15. Small silver-mounted ebony Baton; pocket Sundial of brass, with calendar and compass, 1620. 16. Eleven Chessmen of walrus ivory—found in the island of Lewis in 1831. There is no circumstantial account of the discovery, but from comparisoa varioue th f no s statement t i sappear s that they were found a chambe n i f dry-builo r t stone whic d beeha h n disclosee th y b d partial washing awa bana f f yo sanko d about 15 fee t e headeepth dt a , of the Bay of Uig, in the island of Lewis. They were slightly covered with sand, and it was observed that there was a quantity of ashes on the floor of the chamber. The site of the nameless structure in which they were foun r distans describedi fa t no t s froda m another site saio dt wele b l know s Tirjhn Caillachaina n na n dhuUig—na the housf o e e blacth k wome f Uighoarne o Th .d consiste seventy-eighf do t chessmen, fourteen table-men or draught-board pieces, and a buckle, all carved in 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, DECEMBER 10, 1888.

ivory of walrus tusk. They came into the possession of Mr Roderick Ririe, a merchant in Stornoway, by whom they were brought to Edin- burgh exhibited an , Societe th o dt f Antiquarie yo f Scotlanso t theida r meeting of llth April 1831. The natural result of this would have bee acquisitioe nth entire th f eno Societye hoarth y t db wha bu , t really happened is told by Mr David Laing (in Aruhceoloyia Scotica, vol. iv. e membersth f . o 367 p w o t proposes ,)fe :—e a timewa th t y " I t b ,a d make a joint purchase of the entire collection, and after setting aside a

Figs. Fron3 , Bacd 2 . an t k Vie Kinga f wo . certain number for the Society's Museum, to apportion the others among e contributorsth y somB .e oversigh r delao t y this arrangemens wa t frustrated dealea d curiositien an i r, Edinburgn si h steppe madd an en di e purchaseth greatee Th . r numbe f theso r e figures were afterwards sold e Britisth o t h Museum formed an ,e subjec th da learne f o d most an d t elaborate dissertation by Frederick Madden, read to the Society of Antiquaries of London and printed in vol. xxiv. of their Archceologia." Ten of the pieces had, however, been selected from the lot by Mr Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe before they were e Britisoffereth o t dh Museum, r SharpM d ean subsequently succeede obtaininn di additionan a g l piece, a Bishop, fro islane r Sharpeme th deat M f th Lewis o d f n o s h O hi , . PUKCHASES FOK THE MUSEUM. 11

extensive collectio broughs nwa publio t t c sal n Edinburghi e thesd an , e eleven pieces, which formed one of the lots at the sale, were acquired by Lord Londes- borough. The collection of Lord Londes- borough having been recently exposed to gale Londonn i , these eleven pieces havbeew neno acquired by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotlane Nationath r fo d l Museum. They consist of two Kings, three Queens, three Bishops WardersKnighto e tw on , d an , . e KingTh s nearly resemble each othen i r poin costumf o t attituded ean t thebu , y belong seto tw s differino t g considerable sizeyn i Th . twolargee th f , whicro 3s hi f inche heighn si t and 2 j e baseinche th s repre i ,n Iy o fsb - e smalleTh e . on r3 sented an n figsi d2 . is 3 inches in height and l-£ by 1| inches Fig . 4 .Quee n Piece. basee o t nth I differ . s froe othemth r only e ornamentatioth n i e bac d th side kf an f o nso e chaith r throno r n o e which the figure is seated Queenso .tw e same Oth th ,f f ewhico e ar h

Figs. 5, 6. Back View of two Queen Pieces. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, DECEMBER 10, 1888.

size f inche3 , heighn si 2y d 1b |J an base te inche(fig e ) th 4 on ., n so has a horn in the left hand, and rests the cheek against the right hand contemplativa n i e attitude e hea e bacth df Th k o . i s coveree th y b d foldfallina f o s g head-dress, which passes acros e foreheasth hangd dan s loosely e behindchai th bace s ornamentei f rTh o k . d with foliageous scroll-work somewhat similar to that shown on the King's chair (fig. 3). othee Th re sam Queeth es head-dressha n t caughbu , t togethee th t a r

Kgs. 7, 8, 9. Bishop Pieces.

back of the head (as seen in fig. 5) so as to show the hair. This fashion of the head-dress is more clearly shown in the case of the third Queen (fig. Thi6) . s | piec2 inche s ei heighn s i 1I d y f|b an inchet s across the base. Of the three Bishops, the largest one is a standing figure (fig. 7), 3f inche heighn 1i sy ^b d f inchean t s acros e basee holdth H se .th s e crosielef righth e t th n s handupraise i i rtd e attitudth an , n i df o e giving the benediction. He wears the chasuble, dalmatic, stole, and tunic.' e mitrTh s verei y low furnished an , d with infulce r fallino g band- be s e hindsecon Th d thir. an d d Bishop e seatear s d figures e largeTh .r of the two (figs. 8, 9) is 3f inches in height and If by If inches across basee weare th H . s at cope ovee re stol thon th t ef ea o chasuble d en e on , PURCHASE E MUSEUMTH E FO S. 13

side only being visible. There is a cross on the back of the cope, as see fign n, i whic 8 . h also showe highl th e mitre infula d sth th y f an eo e ornat seateo e tw e chaire smalledesigdbace e th Th th th f k .f o f n o o r Bishops measures 2| inche inc 1 heighn si y hId b facros an t basee sth . weare H s alschasublee oth , dalmatic, stole tunicd an , , like - firsth ede t scribed bishop chasuble Th a circula .s eha r ornamen middle th n f i to e e backth , betwee e end e e nmitreth f e infuiceth bac th o s f Th f o ko . chair terminate n beastsi s ' s ornamenteheadsi d an , d with foliageous scrolls.

Figs. 10, 11. The Knight.

The Knight is a mounted figure, armed with a long triangular shield and spear, and a conical helmet with flaps. His hair is cut round level with the shoulders. He sits in a very high saddle, and the folds of his tunic com littlea e belo stirrue wth eithen o p r side. Crossin bace th g k obliquely from the right shoulder is seen the strap which suspends the shield, and round the waist the sword-belt, the sword itself being half conceale lowee th y e shield re dhorsb e th man parth f s Th f i eo to e . cut short, but a bushy forelock hangs over the forehead to below the heighwhole e eyesth Th f .eo t f figur inchest measure3 i s d i e an , s If inche 1y ^sb inches acros basee sth . .14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, DECEMBER 10, 1888.

Footmee Th Wardersr no , answerin e moderth o gt n Roo r Castleko e ar , footmen with swords and long triangular shields and conical helmets like

Warderso Tw . Figs13 . , 12 .

the knights, and wearing a gambeson reaching to the feet. One differs from the other in that he is represented as biting the top of his shield. Fibula of silver inlaid with gold and niello, with semicircular head, having five radiating projection e for th f anima mo n i s l heads—from the Londesborough sale. Annular Brooc f brassho , 2J inches diameter, with iron pin e fron,th t ornamented with rudely engraved circles, triangles, &c., on the back seven crosses, and the initials G. C.—from the Londesborough sale. Highland Brooc f brassho J3 , inche diametern si , ornamented wit- hen graved wor d niellokan e patternth , s consistin f fouo g r f circleso o tw , which have a central pattern of interlaced work, and between the circles four triangles each containin gtriquetraa e outline th e ornamenta, th f o s - tion being inlaid with niello. This is the only example in the Museum obrasa f s brooch enriched with niello—fro e Londesborougmth h sale. Highland Brooch of brass, 4-J- inches in diameter, ornamented with four engraved circles of interlaced work, and foliage in two of the intervening spaces e thirth , d havin a gtriangl d triquetrae fourtan th e n d a h an , animal—from the Londesborough sale. PURCHASES FOE THE MUSEUM. 15

Highland Dirk, 18 inches in length, the handle of wood, 4£ inches in length, brass mounted, and ornamented with interlaced carving, and a heart-shaped mountin f brassgo . 17. Flat Powder-Horn, 10^ inches in length, ornamented on one side with interlace e otheth drn o witwork d a hcirclan , f foliageouo e s scroll-work a smalle d an , r circle wit a hgeometrica l hexafoild en e th , e horoth f n mounted with pewter—foun e ruinth f Lochindoro sn i d b Castle. f claystoneo e Ax , polished, 4J inche n lengti s y 2-b h£ inches across e face edgee th th , s flattened—from Alva, Stirlingshire. Sixteen Arrow-Heads of chert—from North America. . Polishe18 df claystone o Ston e Ax ef 8 inche, n lengti s y 3-b hf inches across the cutting face—from the neighbourhood of Kippen, Stirlingshire. Polished stone Axe of claystone, 4^ inches in length by 1-| inches across the cutting face—from the neighbourhood of Kippen, Stirlingshire. Ornamented Stone Bal f granitio l c stone, 2| inche diametern si , with six projecting discs—foun t Mugdruda m Island, Abernethy, Perthshire. . Smal19 l Whetston f reddiso e h quartzite, 3J inche n lengti s y hb f- inch of a side, slightly tapering to both ends—found near Killin. Polished Stone Axe of serpentine, 2-J inches in length by If inches across the cutting face—from Aberdeenshire. largo Tw e Calabashe f vegetablso e rind, ornamented—from Africa, 20. Implement of basalt resembling a large spear-head, 7-J- inches in length, triangular on the one face, rounded on the other, with a thick rounded tang—locality unknown t supposebu , Shetlande b o dt . 21. Socketed Axe of bronze, 3| inches in length by 2J inches in width acros cuttine sth g face sockee th , t slightly oval exterioe th , r eight- sided and plain, with a loop on one side—found at Forfar, with the socketed knife described below. Socketed Knife or Dagger of bronze, 6^ inches in length, with oval socket 1 inch by f inch, and 2 inches in depth, with a rivet-hole on either side e riveth , t running lengthway e socke e ovath th f o lf t o sabou t a quarter of an inch from the butt. The blade, which is 2 inches wide at the base, has a slight midrib, and the junction of the blade with the PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, DECEMBER 10, 1888. socket is marked by the usual lunated outline seen in most of the bronze sword daggersd san blade Th brokes i e. f towardnof e pointsth . This for f socketemo d knif rars i e Scotlandn ei t morbu , e frequently founn di England, and common in Ireland. It is shown in fig. 14. . Collectio22 f Stonno e Implements from Orkney, comprising:— Hamme f granitio r c stone e cros, th ova sn i lsection , 4f inchen i s lengt 2y £hb inche greatesn si t breadth, an jd1 inche thicknessn si shafte Th -. hole, which is f inch in diameter, is pierced straight through in the line of the shorter diameter of the implement, and a little above the middle of its length e end e roundeTh d ar s .an f dof founabradeds wa t Blood da t I . y Quoy, Deerness. Quern of mica-schist, 19J inches in diameter, with a raised moulding round centrae th uppee l holth n rei stone. Nine rude Implement f sandstoneo s , oblong, flattish, and pointed at both ends. Eight Hammer - Stones, naturally water-worn pebbles of sandstone, abraded t bota e hb yus ends . Whetstone of sandstone, 5|- inches n lengthi y 2b J inche n thicknessi s , with a perforation near one end. Fig. 14. Socketed Dagger Socket-Ston sandstone—frod re f eo m of Bronze. Deerness. Sinkstone, an oblong water-worn pebble, with deep groove round its major circumference—foun beace t Peter'sS th t n ha o d , Stronsay. Knocking-Stone, or Mortar for husking barley, with oval-shaped hollow, 11 inches by 9 inches and 7 inches in depth. Rubbing-Stone of sandstone, 13f inches in length by 6f inches in breadth. PURCHASES FOE THE MUSEUM. 17

Five Whorls of stone, two of which are ornamented with dots, and Whore on f woodo l . Small Bloc f sandstoneko , wit hpickea o d tw sideholloe d on an ;n w o Crusie-Mould f sandstoneso . 23. Small Baton, mounted on the ends with silver, and engraved with e Koyath l Arms e ArmCitd th f Edinburghan ,y o f so . . Eigh24 t Vessel f Americaso n Pottery—from mound Missise th n i s - sippi valle Granadafrod w yan mNe . 25. Cinerary Urn, \Z\ inches in height by 9 inches across the mouth, with overhanging brim, ornamented with groups of short parallel straight lines—found near Inverkeithing. 26. Chisel-pointed Adze of lava, in a short bent handle, fastened with plaited grass—from the South Sea Islands. 27. Thirty-nine Arrow-Heads of flint, and a flat oval-shaped Implement of reddish flint—from Aberdeenshire. Axe of greenstone, 5J inches in length by 2J inches across the cutting face, oval in the cross section, and with flattened edges—found t Lumpharta , paris f Daviotho , Inverness-shire. Ax f sandstoneeo 5 inche, lengtn si 2 inche y hb s acros cuttine th s g face, slightly flattened on one edge, and tapering to a somewhat conical butt—foun t Pitcapleda , Aberdeenshire. Ax f claeo y stone inche3 , lengtn si Iy fb h inches acros cuttine sth g edge, the cross section a long oval, the sides rounded, both ends nearly alike—from Braeside, Gask, Turriff, Aberdeenshire. Ax f basalteo f inche3 , lengtn | i s2 inche y hb s acros e cuttinth s g face, the cross section a long flattened oval, imperfect at the butt—from Aberdeenshire. Axe of greenstone, 4£ inches in length by If inches across the cutting face, ova sectionn i l , with flattened sides nearly parallel bute th , t imperfect—frod en m Aberdeenshire. . Thirty-seve28 n Arrow-Heads, chiefly from Aberdeenshir Banffd ean - shire. Forty-eight Flake worked san d Fragment f flint so lone on g; Flakf eo dark-coloured flint o Saw tw f ;flint o s ; Fabricato r Flakino r g Toof o l . VOLB . XXIII. 18 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, DECEMBER 10, 1888.

reddish flint inche4 , lengthn si side—froe ,on flan o t m Croft-na-Haven, Abernethy, Strathspey. Flint Knife (fig. 15), 6J inche n lengti s Iy fb h inche n greatesi s t edge widthon e e slightlth , y rounded e otheth , r nearly straight bute th , t end fractured, the point tapered on both sides—found in 1888, in the

. Flin16 1'igs , t 15 Knive. s from Balveny, Banffshire Nunrawd an , , Haddingtonshire.

field d castlabovol f Balvenye o e th e , paris f Mortlacho h , Banffshire. largesThithe sis t flint knif ecollection ithe n , wit exceptiothe h of n one here figured along with it for comparison (fig. 16). It is larger and more symmetrically formed, measuring 7J inche lengtn si 2y hfb inches in greatest breadth. From the butt nearly to the middle of the blade e edgeth n boto s he purpos th side r e notched fo ar f sencasin eo f i s a , g . 19 PURCHASE E MUSEUMTH R SFO .

that a haftinpar n i t f somgo e flexible substance. This fine specimen obtaines wa d from Nunraw, Haddingtonshire. Polishe f finely-graineo e dAx d greenish claystone inche4 , lengthn i s by 2J inches acros e cuttinth s g face—foun t Easa d t Calder, neae th r river Almond. Polished Axe of serpentine, 3f inches in length by 1^ across the cutting face, both ends imperfect—foun t Croft-na-Hayena d , Abernethy, Strathspey. f fino ee sandstoneAx , 4^ inche n lengtsi 2y fb h inches acrose th s cutting face, polished on one side—found at Loanhead, Cairnie, Aber- deenshire. Axe of granitic stone, 4 inches in length by 2^ inches across the cutting face—found nea bridge th r t Cooper'ea s Ditch, Lossiemouth. Polished Axe of claystone, 2^ inches in length by If inches across the cutting face—found on the farm of Gaich, Grantown, Strathspey. Axe of fine-grained greenish claystone, 2£ inches in length by 2J inches across the cutting face, the butt end imperfect—found at Dulnain Bridge, near Grantown, Strathspey. Broken portion of the cutting edge of an Axe of porphyry—from Grantown, Strathspey. Broken portion of an Axe of chipped flint—found at Livingstone, Linlithgowshire, Nine rudely-chipped Implements of sandstone, from 12 inches to 6f inche n lengt si discoio tw h; d Implement f sandstono s Hammero tw e; - Stones, one " Boiling-Stone," and oblong Sinkstone of steatite, perforated throug top—ale hth l from Walls, Shetland. Portion of a perforated Axe Hammer of granitic stone, broken through e shaft-holeth , 3f inche lengthn i s , finely polished—foun fare th m n do of Millhill, Auchterarder. Hammer-Stone, from the Broch of Brounaben, near Thrumster, parish of Wick, Caithness. Oval flattish Pebbl f whinstoneeo , 3f inche 2y sb f inches, perforated —foun t Kempcairnda , Keith, Aberdeenshire.. Ornamented Stone Ball of whinstone, 2f inches in diameter, with six circular projecting discs—found at Mill of Cromdale, Strathspey. -20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, DECEMBER 10, 1888.

Socket-Ston f quartzeo , wit pivoo htw t holes-—from Forfarshire. Socket-Stone for a field-gate of quartzose sandstone, with a pivot-hole on each side—found at Easter Auldtown, Cairnie, Aberdeenshire. Socket-Stones of quartz—from Auldbeg, and Mill of Botary, Glen- rinnes. Socket-Stone of quartz, with a pivot-hole on each side—found at Milton of Eecletich, Glenrinnes. Socket-Ston f quartz—froeo Millw mNe , Keith. Lower Ston Pot-Querna f eo , 12 inche diametern si , imperfect. Twelve Whorls of sandstone and claystone, from 1J to 2 inches .in diameter—mostly from the north-eastern counties. Dis f actinolito c e schist 6 inche, n diameter—founi s d near Easter Achmore, Glenrinnes, Banffshire. Stone "Weight, wit iroo hntw rings attached—foun t Aberlourda , Banff- shire. Small Bea f greedo n glass, stripped with white. Highland Dirk, with carved handle, and rudely-made Scabbard, mounted with pewter. Small Flint-Lock Pistol, with wooden butt—foun dyka n dt i Keithea . Caltrop of iron—said to have been found on the field of Bannockburn. Seven Spice-Mills of wood, viz. (1) from Euthven, Aberdeenshire ; (2) from Ardiquish, Fochabers ) fro(3 ; m Guestloan, Cabrac ) fro(4 mh; Loanhead, Cairni fro) e (5 ;m Glenrinne ) fro(6 m s; Fifekeit fro) h (7 ;m Croftnahaven, Grantown. Drinking-Cu f woodpo , Mustard-Ca Bulletd pan , Mutchkin Measurf eo pewter, Ladl f horneo , Ladl f woodeo , four Punch-Ladle f woodso , three Bread-Spade s; iro n Chimney Crook, with chai d hooknan s; Loinid, r o revolving whisk of cows-hair for frothing milk; Butter-Pat or Stamp of wood, marked ELSPET LAWSON 1840. Seventeen Cruises of iron, and three Lamps of tin, Hanging Candle- Holder of iron, with sliding rack and two folding iron Candle-Holders. Twenty-eight folding " Peermen " of iron, and twenty-two Peermen with wooden or stone bases. " Peer men'' is the local name for the stands which support the splinters of resinous fir burned instead of candles, in the country (districts of Aberdeen and Banff. PURCHASES FOR THE MUSEUM. 21

Three combined Peermen and Candle-Holders, and one combined folding Peerman and Candle and Crusie-Holder. Two Candle-Moulds of tin, one Candlestick of wood, and a Candle- stick Tinder-Box, with flint and steel. Two Frames or Baskets of Wattles for drying fir candles, three stone base r Peermenfo s d sixteean , n Clivvie r iron-holdero s r fi r fo s candles uppee th , r part made lik clefea lowee t th stic d r kparan t likea large nail. Nine Fir-Gullies or Tyaave Knives, for splitting fir candles. irod nOl Key, cylindrical Padlock similad an , r Padloc Keyd kan . Two Distaffs, six Spindles and Whorls, a Straw-Rope Twister, and a Loo r weavinmfo g tap r braceseo . Three Comb r cardinfo s g wool, four Comb r Heckleo s f iror o s fo n heckling flax. The iron of a Leister and a large three-pronged Eel-Spear. 29. Ovate Disc of chipped flint, measuring 4J inches by 3f inches— found on Delaware Mountains, Delaware. Two Spear-Head f flint—froso m Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Seven small Image f Humaso n Head clay—fron si m Cuzco Perun i , . 30. Eleven collections of flint and stone Implements, including Arrow-Heads, Knives, Scrapers, &c. f flinto , , stone Axe d Hammean s r Stones, Grain Eubber r Saddlo s e Querns d quoit-likan , e Discs, Beads and broken piecet Braceletsje f so , bronze Pins, Needles d fragmentan , s of various Articles of bronze, &c., about 500 specimens—from Culbin Sands, Morayshire. . Thre31 e collections, chiefl f flino y t Implements, including Arrow- Heads, Knives, Scrapers, &c.—fro e Glenlucmth e Sands, Wigtown- shire. . Collectio32 f o flinn t Implements, froe neighbourhooth m f o d Tannadice, Forfarshire—about 80 specimens. 33. The Celtic Tumuli of Dorset. By Charles Warne, F.S. A. London, 1866, Folio. 34. Cinerary Urn of clay (fig. 17), 16J inches in height, 11J inches n diametei r acros e mouthth s , ornamented externally with three hori- zontal mouldings, at distances of 3 inches, 5f inches, and 8|-. inches from 22 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , DECEMBE , 188810 R .

brie th m respectively. s peculiai Thin ur spiercen p havin i rli e gdth by two holes nearly a quarter of an inch in diameter, and fully an inch apart distanca t a , f 1eo 1 inches e belos foun th e wa brimn w di th t I . -Culbin Sands.

. FigCinerar17 . y Urn, fro Culbie mth n Sands (16J inche height)n si . 35. The Monumental Eemains of Noble and Eminent Persons, com- prising the Sepulchral Antiquities of Great Britain. By Edward Blore, F.S.A. London, 1826. . 4to 36. Sturlunga Saga, including the Islendinga Saga and other Works. Edited, with Prolegomena ,r Gudbran D &c. y b , d Vigfusson. Oxford, 1878. 2 vols. 8vo. e Boo Th f Britiso k. 37 h Topography a classifie; d Catalogue th f eo PURCHASE E MUSEUMTH E FO S. 23-

Topographical WorkLibrare e th Britis th n f si yo h Museum relatino gt Great Britai Irelandd nan Joh y B . Andersonn.P . London, 1881o 8v . . Museum38 Art-Galleriesd an s y ThomaB . s Greenwood. London, 1888. 8vo. . Berwick-upon-Tweed39 e Histor Towe th :th Guild.d f nan y o B - John Scott. London, 1888. 4to. 40. The History of Ancient Egypt. By George Rawlinson. London, 1881. 2 vols. 8vo. The Principles of Sociology. By Herbert Spencer. London, 1877- 8vo. Comparative Politics: Six Lectures delivered before the Royal Institution, with the Redo Lecture on the Unity of History. By Edward . FreemanA . London, 1873. 8vo. Curious MythMiddle th f o s . BarineS Ages y B g. Gould. London, 1861. 8vo. Essays on the Literature, Popular Superstitions, and History of England in the Middle Ages. By Thomas Wright. London, 1846. 2 vols. 8vo. History of Scottish Poetry. By D. Irving, LL.D., edited by John Aitken Carlyle. Edinburgh, 1861. 8vo. Ballad Songd san Scotlandf so . ClarJ y kB .Murray , LL.D. London, 1874. 8vo. Ancient Mysteries Described, especially the English Miracle Plays, founded on Apocryphal New Testament Story, &c. By William Hone. London, 1823. 8vo. Folk-Lore, or Superstitious Beliefs in the West of Scotland within this Century, &c. By James Napier. Paisley, 1879. 8vo. Celtic Studies from the German of Dr Herman Ebel. By W. R. Sullivan. London, 1863. 8vo.

followine Th g Communications were read :—