2015 First Issue ISSUE 18 FEBRUARY 2017 February TAPAS First Anniversary Issue 2016
M. TECH-THERMAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, February NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CALICUT (For internal circulation only) 2017 Second Anniversary Issue
2018
Miles to Go… THIS ISSUE
MEMORABLE SNIPPETS EMINENT PERSONALITY: JOHN ERICSSON
INSTRUMENTAL: SCHLIEREN IMAGING SYSTEMS PROJECT WATCH
INDUSTRIAL INSIGHT: ALFA LAVAL INDIA First Issue January 2015 FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK MEMORABLE SNIPPETS Wow..! We are twice as young now. It feels like just yesterday that an opportunity was presented to us to carry forward the TAPAS issue. We are very happy to present the second anniversary issue of TAPAS. Starting with memorable snippets, this issue focuses on Schlieren imaging systems, Project Watch and industrial insight briefs about Alfa Laval India.
Well! Read us, assess us, enjoy this exclusive issue, comment on the matter and motivate us to match aspirations and dispense more. You can also download softcopy of TAPAS from the web page of Department of Mechanical Engineering at NITC website.
Chief Editor: Dr. S. Jayaraj
Editors: Raut Nikhil Mahadev Banisetti Srikanth
TAPAS
EMINENT PERSONALITY JOHN ERICSSON
INSTRUMENTAL: SCHLIEREN IMAGING SYSTEMS
The word schlieren itself derives from the German word schliere, or striae, and refers to the streak-like appearance of fluid flow visualized through the system. Schlieren imaging systems have been used since the early 1800s to visualize
fluctuations in optical density. As a dynamic and straightforward visualization John Ericsson was one of the 19th tool, these systems are primarily applied to conduct qualitative visual studies. century's most creative engineers and inventors. He was born on July 31, 1803 in Varmland, Sweden. Ericsson joined the Swedish Army at the age of 17. His engineering talents were quickly recognized, and he soon became a topological officer in Army. Ericsson left the Army in 1826 and moved to England. In England, Ericsson pursued a variety of engineering projects including hot air engines, locomotives, steam-powered fire engines etc. Ericsson also developed significant improvements to the screw propeller and gained a The physical basis for schlieren imaging emerges from Snell’s Law, which states reputation as a talented young engineer, designer and inventor. In that light slows upon interaction with matter. In homogeneous medium such as 1839, Ericsson relocated to New York in a vacuum, or space, light travels uniformly, at a constant velocity while City, where ZZ he and Captain Robert encounters inhomogeneous media such as fluids in motion. In inhomogeneous Stockton designed the U.S. Navy's first media, it refracts and deflects from their continuous path resulting in schliere. screw-powered warship. The ship was launched in 1843 as the USS Schlieren optics provide an informative, non-intrusive method for studying Princeton. transparent and optical media. It is beneficial to use them in fluid dynamics studies because they are sensitive to changes and do not interfere with flow. In November 1853 in New York, Ericsson read a story news with great Slight deviations in a conventional schlieren set-up can result in systems with interest and was thus inspired to distinct but informative optical representations of flow. Two notable methods design his "sub-aquatic system of are shadowgraphy and interferometry. These methods are developed as parallel naval warfare”. Construction of ship but unique paths of observation in flow visualization. Both methods are similar performance during the battle with the Confederate ironclad to schlieren imaging in the way they visualize change in refractive index of CSS Virginia on March 9, 1862, made transparent media and flow density in a manner which qualitatively resembles Ericsson a great hero in the North. an embossed image, but each set-up produces uniquely remarkable images Today, Ericsson remains one of the worth noting specifically. Shadowgraphy is an optical technique which projects most influential engineers of all time. the shadow of an optical image onto a viewing plane for image capture. This His influence in changing naval warfare through his revolutionary method of collecting shadowgrams is similar to how humans visualize ironclad design and its rotating gun fluctuations in air density with their eyes. The typical schlieren interferometry turret lives on through the ship's system is similar to the basic two-lens schlieren system with the replacement of legacy 150 years later. Ericsson died in the knife-edge cut-off with some sort of prism or fine wire to induce interference New York City on March 8, 1889. or diffraction in the schlieren pattern.
Compiled by: Tank Dhavalkumar Compiled by: Jalli Rajshekar
TAPAS
PROJECT WATCH
This new column ‘Project Watch’ was introduced with the objective of shedding light on areas of research undertaken by M. Tech. students and to pique the interest of upcoming batches which could help them in choosing their research field. In forthcoming issues under this section we will cover project ideas of M Tech students of batch 2015-17.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF CI ENGINE IN DUAL FUEL MODE
Guide- Mr. P V Manu
The most important input for the economic development of a country is energy. There is increasing demand for energy in order to satisfy the comforts of human life. The sources of energy that we mainly depend on are fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and petroleum. The environmental pollution by internal combustion engines has become a serious issue that results in climatic changes and health hazards. Also world is facing the major problem of shortage in fossil fuel reserves which is the major supplier of energy. Therefore there is need to find alternative fuels which can reduce the environmental degradation and energy need. The term alternative energy implies energy that is used as an alternative to fossil fuels. Several attempts were made to find various new and renewable energy sources to replace the existing petroleum fuels.
Hydrogen is found to be the cleaner fuel among all other alternative fuels. This project focuses on experimental and theoretical investigation of CI engine with dual fuel i.e. hydrogen and diesel. Hydrogen can be obtained from natural resources like biomass, coal etc. The hydrogen production techniques available are electrolysis, biomass gasification, thermochemical decomposition of water and solar photo electrolysis etc. As water is abundant, hydrogen supply is also abundant because hydrogen can be produced from water. The only product of combustion of hydrogen is water vapour. Hydrogen as an energy source has desirable properties for combustion which includes wider range of flammability limits, higher flame speed and fast burning velocity which supports the combustion in lean burn mixtures. The calorific value of hydrogen is more than three times that of the petrol and diesel. In engine applications, storage and transportation of hydrogen is one of the key problems. On board generation of hydrogen in electrolysis process solves the issues of storage and transportation in automobile engines. The products of water electrolysis are hydrogen and oxygen also called as oxyhydrogen or hydroxyl (HHO) gas. The HHO gas can be used as secondary fuel in diesel engine. Use of HHO in diesel engine results in increasing thermal efficiency, decreasing diesel consumption. Further study is extended to investigate performance in terms of emissions coming out from engine with duel fuel mode.
Kameswara Rao M Tech (Thermal Sciences 2015-17)
TAPAS
MILESTONE
INDUSTRIAL INSIGHT: ALFA LAVAL INDIA
ISRO has successfully launched PSLV-C37 on February 15, 2017 also Alfa Laval AB is a Swedish company, founded in 1883, which started in the separation of known as Cartosat-2 series solutions and now deals in the production of specialized products and solutions for heavy satellite which was the industry. The products are used to heat, cool, separate and transport the product such as oil, 39th mission of the PSLV water, chemicals, beverages, foodstuffs, starch and pharmaceuticals. In India Alfa Laval program which successfully contributes in areas that are crucial for society by saving energy, water and protecting carried and deployed 104 environment. The company started operations in India as early as 1937 and established its satellites to the orbit. first manufacturing facility in Pune in 1961. Today, with headquarter in Pune and
PSLV-C37 launched the 714 manufacturing units, sales & service offices spread across the country, Alfa Laval India employs around 1,200 employees. Alfa Laval in India has production based on Alfa Laval's kg Carto sat-2 series three technologies: heat transfer, separation and fluid handling. In heat transfer Alfa Laval satellite, two ISRO Nano 11111 deals with boilers, heat exchangers, heaters, HVAC etc. Fluid handling section includes satellites INS-1A & INS-1B, automation, fluid control equipment, installation material, instrumentation and pumps etc. and 101 nano satellites Under separation section it deals with centrifugal separators, filters and strainers, from other countries. membranes etc.
Upcoming Conferences and Events
2nd International Conference on Green Energy Technology (ICGET 2017)
July 18-20, 2017 Rome, Italy
http://www.icget.org/
5th International Conference on Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering (CMAME 2017)
August 1-3, 2017 Guangzhou, China
National Conference on Innovative Research in Science, Engineering & Management April 6-7, 2017 Tamil Nadu, India http://www.psvcet.ac.in/event/national-conference-on-innovative-research-in-
science-engineering-management/
24th National and 2nd International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference (IHMTC-2017) Color Schlieren image of the December 27-30, 2017 thermal plume from a BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, India burning candle, disturbed by https://www.ishmt2017.com/ a breeze from the right.
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