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Lokala Fack I Globala Företag. Electrolux Verkstadsklubb I Motala Och Koncernfacket 1925-1985

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Lokala Fack I Globala Företag. Electrolux Verkstadsklubb I Motala Och Koncernfacket 1925-1985 Johan Åkerman Lokala fack i globala företag Electrolux verkstadsklubb i Motala och koncernfacket 1925–1985 ARBETSLIV I OMVANDLING | 2003:6 a ISBN 91-7045-674-7 | ISSN 1404-8426 Arbetslivsinstitutet är ett nationellt kunskapscentrum för arbetslivsfrågor. På uppdrag av Näringsdepartementet bedriver institutet forskning, utveck- ling och utbildning. Institutet har ca 450 anställda och finns på sju orter i landet. Forskningen är mångvetenskaplig och utgår från problem och utvecklingstendenser i arbetslivet. En viktig uppgift är kommunikation och kunskapsspridning. För mer information, besök vår webbplats www.arbetslivsinstitutet.se Arbetsliv i omvandling är en av Arbetslivsinstitutets vetenskapliga skrift- serier. I serien publiceras avhandlingar, antologier och originalartiklar. Främst välkomnas bidrag avseende vad som i vid mening kan betraktas som arbetsorganisation och arbetsmarknad. De kan utgå från forskning om utvecklingen av arbetslivets organisationer och institutioner, men även behandla olika gruppers eller individers situation i arbetslivet. En mängd ämnesområden och olika perspektiv är således tänkbara. Författarna till bidragen finns i första hand bland forskare från de sam- hälls- och beteendevetenskapliga samt humanistiska ämnesområdena, men även bland andra forskare som är engagerade i utvecklingsstödjande forsk- ning. Skrifterna vänder sig både till forskare och till andra som är intresse- rade av att fördjupa sin förståelse av arbetslivsfrågor. Manuskripten lämnas till redaktören som ombesörjer att ett traditionellt ”refereeförfarande” genomförs. I huvudsak publiceras bidrag från forskare med anknytning till Arbetslivsinstitutet. Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 273 Vid filosofiska fakulteten vid Linköpings universitet bedrivs forskning och ges forskarutbildning med utgångspunkt från breda problemområden – teman. Det finns sju teman: Barn, Genus, Hälsa och samhälle, Kommunikation, Kultur- arv och kulturproduktion, Teknik och social förändring samt Vatten i natur och samhälle. Gemensamt ger de ut serien Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. ARBETSLIV I OMVANDLING Redaktör: Eskil Ekstedt Redaktion: Marianne Döös, Jonas Malmberg, Anita Nyberg, Lena Pettersson och Ann-Mari Sätre Åhlander © Arbetslivsinstitutet & författare, 2003 Arbetslivsinstitutet, SE-113 91 Stockholm ISBN 91-7045-674-7 ISSN 1404-8426 Tryckt hos Elanders Gotab, Stockholm F örord Att skriva en avhandling har stundtals upplevts ensamt. Man kan förledas att tro att man är en tjugohundratalets Don Quijote, inte på häst beväpnad med lans utan på en stol framför en dator. De fiender som jag tvingats möta var inte drakar och allsköns monster utan en bångstyrig och stundtals flyktig empiri, teoretiska verk- tyg som hela tiden tycktes ändra innebörd. När resan närmade sig slutet tvingades Don Quijote konstatera att monstren var väderkvarnar och jag inser att jag inte varit ensam. I själva verket har det under hela min resa funnits massor av människor runt mig som stöttat mig på alla upptänkliga sätt. När jag nu får tillfälle att tacka er inser jag att alla inte kan räknas upp här. Några namn måste dock framhållas. Främst vill jag tacka min handledare Svante Beckman vars kreativitet och analytiska skärpa varit avgörande för arbetet, och min biträdande handledare Lars Ekdahl vars stora kunskap om svensk fackföreningsrörelse och metodiska lugn också varit omistlig. Om de liksom jag har tvivlat på att detta projekt skulle kunna slutföras har jag känt ett mycket stort stöd från dem. På Tema-T lärde jag känna många människor som alla bidragit till min avhandling. Inom programmet Teknik och Kultur fick jag både kollegor och vänner. Tack Jonas Anshelm och Sten O. Karlsson för alla trevliga stunder och förtroliga samtal men framförallt för er konsekventa och ärliga kritik av mina alster. Vännen Lars Lagergren bistod med en heroisk insats i ett kritiskt skede och fick mig att känna entusiasm för projektet igen. Martin Kylhammar har varit en intresserad läsare. Göran B. Nilsson har varit generös med synpunkter och uppmuntran. Michel Godhe och Magdalena Hill- ström har båda på sitt sätt och i olika skeden av arbetet bidragit till dess resultat. Kajsa Ellegård har noggrant och kritiskt läst flera av mina texter under pro- cessens gång. Göran Graninger har genom sitt stöd varit viktig för mig. Jag vill även rikta ett särskilt tack till Ulf Mellström, Jane Summerton, och Sabrina Thelander. Till mina doktorandkollegor Peter Andersson, Marie Aurell, Erik Berggren, Anders Hektor, Mattias Martinsson, Bo Persson, Kerstin Sandell, Lennart Stures- son, Francois Texier och Elin Wihlborg med vilka jag delat både seminarier, kafferaster och julfester vill jag rikta ett stort tack. Trots att jag stundtals brustit i mina skyldigheter i samband med köksveckor och inlämnandet av diverse viktiga papper har jag alltid fått ett värmande stöd av Tema-T:s administrativa personal. Tack Eva Danielsson, Christina Lärkner, Ulla Nilsson, Yvonne Nilsson, Margareta Norstad och Eva Pettersson för allt. På humanistiska biblioteket och det tidigare temabiblioteket har jag likaså fått ett utmärkt och professionellt stöd. Jag vill rikta ett särskilt tack till Christina Brage och Rosmari Malmgård. I slutskedet av arbetet fick jag viktig hjälp med över- sättningen till engelska, språkgranskning och formatering av texten. Tack Carl- Erik Blomberg, Eric Elgemyr, Christer Eklöf och Mette Holmberg. En person som har betytt särskilt mycket för avhandlingens innehåll är Christer Thörnkvist, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap vid Göteborgs universitet. Han var ansvarig för en internationell doktorandkurs som jag hade förmånen att delta i. De samtal som fördes där var mycket intellektuellt stimulerande och roliga. Främst vill jag dock tacka Christer för att han var opponent vid mitt slut- seminarium och gav mig mycket konstruktiv kritik. Jag vill även tacka Björn Horgby, enheten för Historia vid Linköpings univer- sitet, som i ett tidigt skede gav mig konstruktiv kritik. Utan Sven-Åke Andersson vid Metalls avdelning 37 i Motala hade denna av- handling aldrig kommit till stånd. Han ensam öppnade dörrar som annars för- blivit stängda och trodde på projektet. Tack Sven-Åke, Johnny Niklasson och Rolf Karlsson för att ni tog er tid att svara på alla mina frågor. Jag vill även rikta ett tack till verkstadsklubben i Motala för all hjälp och vägledning i använd- ningen av ert arkivmaterial. Folkrörelsearkivet i Motala skall också ha en stor eloge för den utomordentliga service och välvilja jag möttes med. Tack Arbetslivsinstitutet som finansierat hela mitt avhandlingsarbete. Slutligen vill jag av hela mitt hjärta tacka min familj. Tack Anna-Karin för allt stöd, tålamod och kärlek som du ger mig. Aston och Ylva! Äntligen är Boken färdig. Linköping i april 2003 Johan Åkerman Innehåll Kapitel 1. Lokala fack i globala företag 1 Preliminära frågeställningar 2 Internationellt företagande – inget nytt fenomen 4 Forskning om koncernfack 5 Historieskrivning om koncernfack – en blind fläck 13 Tidigare forskning om fackföreningar 14 Tidigare forskning om Electrolux 16 Vad gör en fackförening? 20 Syfte och frågeställningar 24 Material 25 Metod 29 Disposition 31 Kapitel 2. Electrolux, Motala och Verkstadsklubben 1920-1946 33 Axel Wenner-Gren och Electrolux historia fram till 1946 33 Electrolux Motalafabrik 1925-1946 36 Electrolux verkstadsklubb 1925-1946 38 Tidiga koncernfackliga kontakter 42 Listor, kommunister och spanska barn 43 Det första koncernfackliga mötet 47 Summering 49 Kapitel 3. Verkstadsklubben, företagsnämnden och koncernfacket 1946-1970 51 Electrolux övergripande historia 1946-1970 51 Koncernfacklig organisation 53 Företagsnämndernas bakgrund 55 Företagsnämnden vid Electrolux i Motala 56 Ledig midsommarafton 60 ”Världserövrarna” 61 Intryck från USA 62 Rationalisering 65 Koncernstruktur påverkar produktionen 67 Fackligt och politiskt samarbete utanför ramen för koncernfacket 70 Verkstadsklubben i samhällsbygget 71 Sociala förmåner 72 Ett orolig årtionde 74 Sociala paketet 75 Produktion under hot 77 Mellan hopp och förtvivlan 78 Motalafabriken en del av Norden 82 Lyckligt slut på 1960-talet för Motalafabriken 83 Summering 85 Kapitel 4. 1970-talets diskussion om de multinationella företagen 91 LO och de multinationella företagen 91 Nordiskt samarbete 93 Metallindustriarbetareförbundet och de multinationella företagen 94 Studiematerial om multinationella företag 97 Rapporten Fackföreningsrörelsen och de multinationella företagen 97 LO-Kongressen 1976 104 Studiematerial från LO 107 LO-kongressen 1981 108 Kurt Samuelsson och de multinationella företagen 112 Summering 115 Kapitel 5. Electrolux koncernfackliga organisation 1970-1985 119 Electrolux koncernfack vid 1970-talets början 119 Arbetsmarknadslagstiftning under 1970-talet 120 Electrolux koncernfackliga organisation 1970-1985 122 Electroluxkoncernens LO-klubbars samorganisation (ELSA) 138 Summering 145 Kapitel 6. Electrolux koncernfack 1970-1985 149 Allmän utveckling i Electroluxkoncernen 1970-1985 149 Koncernfacket och de traditionella fackliga frågorna 152 Ömma tår 152 Koncernfackets vägval – lokal suveränitet eller central samordning 155 Fast månadslön 159 Nya styrformer 160 Koncernfackliga frågor 163 Koncernens skattebetalning 163 Hemförsäljningskommittén 164 Arbetsmiljöfonden 167 Ekonomikommitté och arbetstagarkonsult 169 Central företagsnämnd – konkurrent eller komplement till koncernfack? 173 Sysselsättningsläget 174 Sysselsättningsläget i Motala 182 Diskmaskinens resa 183 Koncernfackets relation till SIF och SALF 193 Summering 196 Kapitel 7. Internationell
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