DOCSLIB.ORG

CEPAL Review No 124 APRIL 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CEPAL Review No 124 APRIL 2018 APRIL • 2018 More unequal or less? A review of global, regional and national income inequality Verónica Amarante and Maira Colacce 7 Estimation of factors conditioning the acquisition of academic skills in Latin America in the presence of endogeneity Geovanny Castro Aristizabal, Gregorio Giménez, Domingo Pérez Ximénez-de-Embún 33 The impact of fiscal decentralization on growth, inflation and inequality in the Americas Antonio N. Bojanic 57 Foreign direct investment and growth in developing countries: evidence from the countries of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Kareem Martin and Nlandu Mamingi 79 The wealth gifted to the large-scale copper mining industry in Chile: new estimates, 2005-2014 Gino Sturla Zerene, Ramón E. López, Eugenio Figueroa B. and Simón Accorsi O. 99 Sectoral and regional determinants of firm dynamics in developing countries: evidence for low-, medium- and high-tech manufacturing in Argentina Carla Daniela Calá 121 Business cycles, expectations and inflation in Brazil: a New-Keynesian Phillips curve analysis Elano Ferreira Arruda, Maria Thalita Arruda Oliveira de Olivindo and Ivan Castelar 143 Trade facilitation and its effects on Chile’s bilateral trade between 2006 and 2014 Darcy Fuenzalida-O’Shee, Bárbara Valenzuela-Klagges and Alejandro Corvalán-Quiroz 159 Gender equity in the Argentine tax system: an estimation of tax burdens by household type Darío Rossignolo 177 Fiscal sustainability and the cyclically adjusted balance policy: methodology and analysis for Chile Mauricio G. Villena, Cristóbal Gamboni and Andrés Tomaselli 203 ISSN 0251-2920 APRIL • 2018 Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Mario Cimoli Deputy Executive Secretary a.i. RAÚL GARCÍA-BUCHACA Deputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme Analysis Osvaldo Sunkel Chairman of the Editorial Board Miguel Torres Technical Editor Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Mario Cimoli Deputy Executive Secretary a.i. Raúl García-Buchaca Deputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme Analysis Osvaldo Sunkel Chair of the Editorial Board Miguel Torres Technical Editor The CEPAL Review was founded in 1976, along with the corresponding Spanish version, Revista CEPAL, and it is published three times a year by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), which has its headquarters in Santiago. The Review has full editorial independence and follows the usual academic procedures and criteria, including the review of articles by independent external referees. The purpose of the Review is to contribute to the discussion of socioeconomic development issues in the region by offering analytical and policy approaches and articles by economists and other social scientists working both within and outside the United Nations. The Review is distributed to universities, research institutes and other international organizations, as well as to individual subscribers. The opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ECLAC. The designations employed and the way in which data are presented do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. To subscribe, please visit the Web page: http://ebiz.turpin-distribution.com/products/197587-cepal-review.aspx The complete text of the Review can also be downloaded free of charge from the ECLAC website (www.eclac.org). This publication, entitled CEPAL Review, is covered in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), published by Thomson Reuters, and in the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL), published by the American Economic Association United Nations publication ISSN: 0251-2920 ISBN: 978-92-1-121984-5 (print) ISBN: 978-92-1-058622-1 (pdf) LC/PUB.2018/5-P Distribution: General Copyright © United Nations, April 2018 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.17-01090 Requests for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Publications and Web Services Division, [email protected]. Member States of the United Nations and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. Contents More unequal or less? A review of global, regional and national income inequality Verónica Amarante and Maira Colacce . 7 Estimation of factors conditioning the acquisition of academic skills in Latin America in the presence of endogeneity Geovanny Castro Aristizabal, Gregorio Giménez, Domingo Pérez Ximénez-de-Embún . 33 The impact of fiscal decentralization on growth, inflation and inequality in the Americas Antonio N . Bojanic . 57 Foreign direct investment and growth in developing countries: evidence from the countries of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Kareem Martin and Nlandu Mamingi . 79 The wealth gifted to the large-scale copper mining industry in Chile: new estimates, 2005-2014 Gino Sturla Zerene, Ramón E . López, Eugenio Figueroa B . and Simón Accorsi O . 99 Sectoral and regional determinants of firm dynamics in developing countries: evidence for low-, medium- and high-tech manufacturing in Argentina Carla Daniela Calá . 121 Business cycles, expectations and inflation in Brazil: a New-Keynesian Phillips curve analysis Elano Ferreira Arruda, Maria Thalita Arruda Oliveira de Olivindo and Ivan Castelar . 143 Trade facilitation and its effects on Chile’s bilateral trade between 2006 and 2014 Darcy Fuenzalida-O’Shee, Bárbara Valenzuela-Klagges and Alejandro Corvalán-Quiroz . 159 Gender equity in the Argentine tax system: an estimation of tax burdens by household type Darío Rossignolo . 177 Fiscal sustainability and the cyclically adjusted balance policy: methodology and analysis for Chile Mauricio G . Villena, Cristóbal Gamboni and Andrés Tomaselli . 203 Guidelines for contributors to the CEPAL Review . 233 ECLAC recent publications . 235 Explanatory notes - Three dots (...) indicate that data are not available or are not separately reported. - A dash (-) indicates that the amount is nil or negligible. - A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals. - The word “dollars” refers to United States dollars, unless otherwise specified. - A slash (/) between years (e.g. 2013/2014) indicates a 12-month period falling between the two years. - Individual figures and percentages in tables may not always add up to the corresponding total because of rounding. More unequal or less? A review of global, regional and national income inequality Verónica Amarante and Maira Colacce Abstract This article presents a multi-perspective discussion of trends in income inequality. Recent evidence from many sources shows that global income inequality is high and relatively stable, with the main changes being driven by developments in China and India. In developed countries, the trend has been towards higher levels of inequality over the last thirty years; and this has also been true of developing countries in the past decade, with the exception of Latin America, which is analysed here in detail. In the region, income became less unevenly distributed between 2002 and 2014, mainly because inequality within countries declined in most cases; but the latest measurements suggest that this trend is faltering. Keywords Economic growth, income, income distribution, equality, measurement, developed countries, developing countries, China, Latin America JEL classification D31, D61 Authors Verónica Amarante is Chief of the Office of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Montevideo. Email: veró[email protected]. Maira Colacce is a consultant with the ECLAC office in Montevideo. Email: maira. [email protected]. 8 CEPAL Review N° 124 • April 2018 I. Introduction An apparently simple question, which has been posed several times in various fields, is whether economic inequality is greater in our days than it was a few decades ago. In other words: are modern societies becoming more economically equal, or are individual living standards increasingly tending to diverge? Answering a question of this magnitude is complex, and it needs to be approached from different angles to obtain a comprehensive and concrete response. This article seeks to provide inputs to this endeavour, by summarizing recent evidence from various international studies on the subject and delving deeper into specific aspects on which new evidence is presented. To that end, the article draws on a variety of sources, although individual inequality, of either income or consumption, is always analysed on the basis of household surveys. This means ignoring other approaches, such as the inequality of wealth, or other data sources that make it possible to identify the incomes of the wealthiest people with greater precision. The article starts by reviewing the evidence on the status and trend of global inequality, which entails considering the income or consumption of all individuals in the world as if there were no political boundaries between countries. As differences between individuals arise from inequality both between countries and within them, the study is complemented by a discussion of national experiences. Here a distinction is made between the evolution of inequality in developed and developing countries, since the respective trends have diverged in recent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Doing Business in Argentina Contents
    This publication is a joint project with Doing business in Argentina Contents Executive summary 4 Disclaimer Foreword 6 This document is issued by HSBC Bank (Argentina) Company Limited Introduction – Doing business in Argentina 8 (the ‘Bank’) in Argentina. It is not intended as an offer or solicitation for business to anyone in any Conducting business in Argentina 13 jurisdiction. It is not intended for distribution to anyone located in or Taxation in Argentina 18 resident in jurisdictions which restrict the distribution of this document. Audit and accountancy 29 It shall not be copied, reproduced, transmitted or further distributed Human Resources and Employment Law 34 by any recipient. Trade 37 The information contained in this document is of a general nature Banking in Argentina 40 only. It is not meant to be comprehensive and does not HSBC in Argentina 43 constitute financial, legal, tax or other professional advice. You Country overview 44 should not act upon the information contained in this publication without Contacts and further information 46 obtaining specific professional advice. This document is produced by the Bank together with PricewaterhouseCoopers (‘PwC’). Whilst every care has been taken in preparing this document, neither the Bank nor PwC makes any guarantee, representation or warranty (express or implied) as to its accuracy or completeness, and under no circumstances will the Bank or PwC be liable for any loss caused by reliance on any opinion or statement made in this document. Except as specifically indicated, the expressions of opinion are those of the Bank and/or PwC only and are subject to change without notice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Taxation in Argentina and Brazil in the Last Twenty Years of the 20Th Century
    THE POLITICS OF TAXATION IN ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hiram José Irizarry Osorio, B.S. & M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by: Professor R. William Liddle, Adviser ___________________________ Professor Richard P. Gunther Adviser Professor Marcus Kurtz Graduate Program in Political Science ABSTRACT What explains changes in tax policy and its direction and magnitude? More specifically, what explains changes in taxation centralization, progressivity, and level? This dissertation addresses these questions in a comparative way, by studying Argentina and Brazil’s taxation experiences during the 1980s and 1990s. The main reason for choosing these two cases derives from the occurrence of tax policy reforms in both cases, but different in extent and nature, which is the central explanatory concern of this dissertation. Throughout the literature, explanations of change have had a focus on crisis environments, crisis events, and/or agency. Although all of them present some truth and leverage in order to gain an understanding of change taking place, some middle-range explanation is lacking. By this I mean, crises based explanations remain at a high structural level of explanation, while agency based explanations become extremely micro-focused. Though crises present windows of opportunity for changes to take place, they do not guarantee them. Furthermore, changes still have taken place without crises. Thus, crises-based explanations are not necessary or sufficient type of explanations of ii change.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Estate and Inheritance Tax Guide
    Worldwide Estate and Inheritance Tax Guide 2021 Preface he Worldwide Estate and Inheritance trusts and foundations, settlements, Tax Guide 2021 (WEITG) is succession, statutory and forced heirship, published by the EY Private Client matrimonial regimes, testamentary Services network, which comprises documents and intestacy rules, and estate Tprofessionals from EY member tax treaty partners. The “Inheritance and firms. gift taxes at a glance” table on page 490 The 2021 edition summarizes the gift, highlights inheritance and gift taxes in all estate and inheritance tax systems 44 jurisdictions and territories. and describes wealth transfer planning For the reader’s reference, the names and considerations in 44 jurisdictions and symbols of the foreign currencies that are territories. It is relevant to the owners of mentioned in the guide are listed at the end family businesses and private companies, of the publication. managers of private capital enterprises, This publication should not be regarded executives of multinational companies and as offering a complete explanation of the other entrepreneurial and internationally tax matters referred to and is subject to mobile high-net-worth individuals. changes in the law and other applicable The content is based on information current rules. Local publications of a more detailed as of February 2021, unless otherwise nature are frequently available. Readers indicated in the text of the chapter. are advised to consult their local EY professionals for further information. Tax information The WEITG is published alongside three The chapters in the WEITG provide companion guides on broad-based taxes: information on the taxation of the the Worldwide Corporate Tax Guide, the accumulation and transfer of wealth (e.g., Worldwide Personal Tax and Immigration by gift, trust, bequest or inheritance) in Guide and the Worldwide VAT, GST and each jurisdiction, including sections on Sales Tax Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil and Gas Taxation in Argentina Deloitte Taxation and Investment Guides Contents
    Oil and gas taxation in Argentina Deloitte taxation and investment guides Contents Deloitte taxation and investment guides www.deloitte.com/taxguides 1.0 Summary 04 2.0 Corporate income tax 05 2.1 In general 05 2.2 Rates 05 2.3 Taxable income 05 2.4 Deductions and allowances 05 2.5 Losses 06 2.6 Foreign entity taxation 07 2.7 Minimum presumed income tax 07 3.0 Royalties on production and surface fees 08 3.1 Royalties on production 08 3.2 Surface fees 08 4.0 Tax incentives 09 4.1 Benefits included in Decree 929/2013 09 4.2 Natural Gas New Project Stimulus Program 09 5.0 Payments to related parties 10 5.1 Transfer pricing 10 5.2 Interest deductibility - thin capitalization 10 6.0 Transactions 11 6.1 Capital gains - disposal of shares and other equity interests 11 6.2 Asset disposals 11 6.3 Farmouts 11 7.0 Withholding taxes 12 7.1 Dividends 12 7.2 Interest 12 7.3 Rents and royalties 12 7.4 Tax treaties 12 8.0 Indirect taxes 13 8.1 Value added tax 13 8.2 Turnover tax 13 8.3 Import, export and customs duties 13 8.4 Financial transaction tax 13 8.5 Stamp tax 14 8.6 Net wealth tax 14 9.0 Other 15 9.1 Choice of business entity 15 9.2 Foreign currency 15 9.3 Foreign exchange control regime 15 9.4 Shale oil and gas 15 9.5 Exploration permits and concessions 15 10.0 Contact information 17 Oil and gas taxation in Argentina - November 2016 1.0 Summary Argentina has three tiers of taxation: federal taxes, provincial taxes and municipal assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence of Tobacco Taxation in Argentina: Employment and Economy- Wide Effects
    Incidence of Tobacco Taxation in Argentina: Employment and economy- wide effects. Guillermo Martin Guillermo Jorge Cruces Cicowiez Falcone Puig March 2021 . This research report draft is part of a project of the Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS), Institute of Economic Research, Faculty of Economic Sciences at the National University of La Plata (UNLP), supported by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). UIC is a partner of the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use. The authors would like to thank Jeffrey Drope, Michal Stoklosa, and German Rodrigues Iglesias for helpful comments and feedback. The views expressed in this document cannot be attributed to, nor do they represent, the views of UIC, the Institute for Health Research and Policy, Bloomberg Philanthropies, CEDLAS, or UNLP. 1 Key Messages Increases in tobacco taxation reduce the consumption of tobacco products and improve health outcomes. Substantial increases in tobacco taxes can even increase aggregate employment in the medium term. The results from CEDLAS’s computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Argentina show that a simulated substantial increase in tobacco taxation induces a zero-net change in overall employment in the economy. Increased tobacco taxes may shift jobs from tobacco-related sectors to other sectors of the economy, but the overall impact on the total number of jobs is negligible. Governments can mitigate and even reverse any adverse employment effects of increased tobacco taxes by devoting the additional tax revenue to increase expenditure on social services and infrastructure. This study indicates that any negative effects on sectoral employment are greatly reduced or even offset when the government uses the additional tax resources to increase spending on labor-intensive sectors such as education, health, and productive public investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business in Argentina
    www.pwc.com/ar Doing Business in Argentina 2019 onwards www.pwc.com.ar Contents 4. Geographical and demographical background 10. Investment and Challenges in Argentina 14. Form of Foreign Investment / Structuring the Deal 16. Foreign Trade and Customs Regulations 20. Tax system 31. Reference information 32. Contacts Geographical & demographical background 4 Location The Republic of Argentina1 is located in South America, between latitudes 23°S (Tropic of Capricorn) and 55°S (Cape Horn). The Andes separates the country from Chile to the west and Bolivia to the northwest; Paraguay lies directly to the north, with Brazil, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east. Brief history of the country The history of Argentina began in 1776 with the creation of Once democracy returned in the early eighties, the the Virreinato del Río de la Plata, the name given to the country faltered in finding a clear path to growth. GPD colonial territories of Spain. In 1810, Argentina initiated a was stagnant, as in most Latin American countries, with process that led to independence in 1816, although for over episodes of hyperinflation toward the end of the decade. sixty years there were internal battles for control of income At the beginning of the nineties, Argentina adopted a from Customs, monopolized by the Province of Buenos convertibility plan with a pegged exchange rate. Many of Aires. the country’s public utility companies were privatized After this period of civil war, the country began a during this decade. process of modernization in 1880, with the creation of After the 2001-2002 economic and social crisis, new public institutions and efforts to build a foundation convertibility and the pegged exchange rate were to incorporate the country into the international system abandoned and replaced with a controlled floating rate of division of labor as an agricultural commodity system.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentina Tax Policy for Stabilization and Economic Recovery
    A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized Argentina Tax Policy for Stabilization and Economic Recovery Public Disclosure Authorized FILECOPY Public Disclosure Authorized ,~~~W _ Public Disclosure Authorized I A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY Argentina Tax Policy for Stabilization and Economic Recovery The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright i 1]990 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufacturecl in the United States of America First printiing April 1990 World Bank Country Studies are among the many reports originally prepared for internal use as part of the continuing analysis by the Bank of the economic and related conditions of its developing member countries and of its dialogues with the governments. Some of the reports are published in this series with the least possible delay for the use of governments and the academic, business and financial, and development communities. The typescript of this paper therefore has; not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. Any maps that accompany the text have been prepared solely for the convenience of readers; the designations and presentation of material in them do not imply the expression of any opinion whiatsoeveron the part of the 'World Bank, its affiliates, or its Board or member countries concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of the authorities thereof or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or its national affiliation.
    [Show full text]
  • Women, Work, and Economic Growth Leveling the Playing Field
    Women, Work, and Economic Growth Leveling the Playing Field Editors Kalpana Kochhar, Sonali Jain-Chandra, and Monique Newiak INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution © 2017 International Monetary Fund Cover design: Jesse Sanchez Chapter 3 is based on an article previously published as Cuberes, D., and M. Teignier. 2016. “Aggregate Effects of Gender Gaps in the Labor Market: A Quantitative Estimate.” Journal of Human Capital 10 (1): 1–32. © 2016 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1932-8575/2016/1001- 0001$10.00 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joint Bank-Fund Library Names: Kochhar, Kalpana. | Jain-Chandra, Sonali | Newiak, Monique | International Monetary Fund. Title: Women, work, and economic growth: leveling the playing field / edited by Kalpana Kochhar, Sonali Jain-Chandra, and Monique Newiak. Other titles: Leveling the playing field Description: Washington, DC : International Monetary Fund, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: ISBN 978-1-51351-610-3 Subjects: LCSH: Women—Employment. | Income distribution. | Economic development. Classification: LCC HD6053.W654 2016 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the International Monetary Fund, its Executive Board, or management. Recommended citation: Kochhar, Kalpana, Sonali Jain-Chandra, Monique Newiak, eds. 2016. Women, Work, and Economic Growth: Leveling the Playing Field. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. Please send orders to: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services P.O. Box 92780, Washington, DC 20090, U.S.A. Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.elibrary.imf.org www.imfbookstore.org iii ©International Monetary Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil and Gas Taxation in Argentina Deloitte Taxation and Investment Guide
    * Oil and gas taxation in Argentina Deloitte taxation and investment guide June, 2019 00 1.0 Summary 3 2.0 Regulatory regime 4 2.1 Overview 4 2.2 Aspects of concessions 4 2.2.1 Exploration permits 4 2.2.2. Exploitation concessions 4 2.3. Fiscal stabilisation 5 2.4. National oil company equity interest and carry 5 2.5. Relevant government departments: Roles and responsibilities 5 3.0. Bonuses, royalties on production, and surface fees 6 3.1 Bonuses 6 3.2 Royalties on production 6 3.3 Surface fees 6 4.0. Corporate income tax 7 4.1 Rates 7 4.2 Basis for calculating taxable income 7 4.3 Deductions and depreciation allowances 7 4.3.1 Exploration phase 8 4.3.2 Capital allowances 8 4.3.3 Other relevant matters 8 4.4 Decommissioning and site restoration costs 9 4.5 Losses 9 4.6 Ring fencing 9 4.7 Taxation of branches and permanent establishments 9 4.8 Minimum income tax 9 4.9 Payment to related parties 10 4.9.1 Transfer pricing 10 4.9.2 Interest deductibility and thin capitalization 11 5.0 Additional profits based on other special taxes for oil and gas extraction 12 6.0 Withholding taxes 13 6.1 Payments for goods and services 13 6.2 Dividends 13 6.3 Interest 13 6.4 Rents and royalties 13 6.5 Tax treaties 14 7.0 Payroll taxes and employee taxation 15 7.1 Payroll taxes 15 7.2 Employee taxation 15 7.2.1 Taxable income 15 7.2.2 Deductions and reliefs 15 8.0 Indirect taxes 17 1 8.1 Value added tax 177 8.2 Turnover Tax 17 8.3 Customs duties and other import taxes and levies 17 8.4 Export taxes, duties, and levies 18 9.0 State, provincial, and other local taxes 19 9.1 Real estate tax 19 9.2 Municipal assessments 19 10.0 Financial transactions tax 20 11.0 Stamp tax 21 12.0 Net wealth tax 21 13.0 Other taxes 21 14.0 Tax incentives and exemptions 22 14.1 Benefits included in Decree No.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL TAX COOPERATION Perspectives from the Global South
    INTERNATIONAL TAX COOPERATION Perspectives from the Global South Edited by Manuel F. Montes, Danish and Anna Bernardo INTERNATIONAL TAX COOPERATION PERSPECTIVES FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH Editors Manuel F. Montes, Danish and Anna Bernardo International Tax Cooperation Perspectives from the Global South South Centre POB 228, Chemin du Champ d’Anier 17 1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland © South Centre [2019] Printed by Schoechli Impression & Communication SA Technopôle 2 – 3960 Sierre This book is published by the South Centre. Reproduction of all or part of this publication for educational or other non-commercial pur- poses is authorized without prior written permission from the copy- right holder provided that the source is fully acknowledged and any alterations to its integrity are indicated. Reproduction of this publi- cation for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior consent of the copyright holder. The views expressed in this pub- lication are the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the South Centre or its Member States. Any mistake or omission in the text is the sole responsibility of the authors. ISBN 978-92-9162-049-4 ABOUT THE SOUTH CENTRE In August 1995 the South Centre was established as a permanent in- tergovernmental organization of developing countries. In pursuing its objectives of promoting South solidarity, South-South coopera- tion, and coordinated participation by developing countries in in- ternational forums, the South Centre has full intellectual indepen- dence. It prepares, publishes and distributes information, strategic analyses and recommendations on international economic, social and political matters of concern to the South.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relation Between Tax Complexity and Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence Across Countries
    Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre Quantitative Research in Taxation – Discussion Papers Thomas Hoppe, Deborah Schanz, Susann Sturm, Caren Sureth-Sloane, Johannes Voget The Relation between Tax Complexity and Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence Across Countries arqus Discussion Paper No. 250 January 2020 www.arqus.info ISSN 1861-8944 The Relation between Tax Complexity and Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence Across Countries January 2020 Thomas Hoppe Deborah Schanz Susann Sturm Paderborn University LMU Munich LMU Munich [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Caren Sureth-Sloane Johannes Voget Paderborn University and University of Mannheim Vienna University of Economics and Business [email protected] [email protected] Acknowledgements: We are grateful for valuable comments from Tobias Bornemann (discussant), Alexander Edwards, Sebastian Eichfelder, Ralf Elsas, Martin Fochmann (discussant), Vanessa Gawehn (discussant), Michelle Hanlon, Christian Hofmann, Benjamin Oßwald, Reinald Koch, Laurence van Lent, Leslie Robinson, André Uhde, and Arndt Weinrich, as well as the participants of the 2019 Finance & Banking Brown Bag Sem- inar at LMU Munich, the 2019 TRR 266 Annual Conference, the 2019 VHB Annual Meeting, the 2018 Vienna Doctoral Consortium in Taxation at WU Vienna, the 2018 Faculty Research Workshop at Paderborn University, the 2018 Doctoral Workshop on Accounting and Tax Research at LMU Munich, the 2018 Annual MaTax Con- ference at ZEW Mannheim, and the 2018 Annual arqus Meeting at Paderborn University. Moreover, we appre- ciate the contributions of our colleagues at LMU Munich and Paderborn University. Financial support by the foundation Stiftung Prof. Dr. oec. Westerfelhaus (Bielefeld, Germany) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 403041268 – TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency is gratefully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Equity in the Argentine Tax System: an Estimation of Tax Burdens by Household Type1
    Gender equity in the Argentine tax system: an estimation of tax burdens by household type1 Darío Rossignolo Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce the gender dimension into the analysis of tax incidence in Argentina. To that end, the impact of direct and indirect taxes on income and distribution by gender is calculated to establish the progressivity of taxes and the effects on gender equity when household classifications are analysed. The findings show that while the tax system is moderately progressive and the heaviest burden falls on households with male breadwinners, differences emerge when the impact of indirect and direct taxes is considered separately. The indirect tax system is heavily regressive and female-breadwinner households bear the largest burden, since they are concentrated in the lower income brackets. Households with children bear the highest direct tax burden, particularly male-breadwinner and dual-earner households. Keywords Fiscal policy, taxation, gender, households, income, gender equality, Argentina JEL classification H2, I3, D3 Author Darío Rossignolo is an associate professor at the University of Buenos Aires and a researcher and consultant for different international organizations. Email: darossignolo@ gmail.com. 1 A number of the findings of this paper are based on Rossignolo (2016), forthcoming. 178 CEPAL Review N° 124 • April 2018 I. Introduction One of the main requirements of tax policy design is to know how the total tax take is distributed across different income levels. A tax system satisfies the “vertical equity” criterion when sectors with a greater tax payment capacity actually pay a greater proportion of tax than others, while “horizontal equity” exists when sectors with the same level of well-being, or ability to pay, do in fact pay the same proportion of tax (Lambert, 1993).
    [Show full text]