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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,646,880 Logan (45) Date of Patent: Mar

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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,646,880 Logan (45) Date of Patent: Mar United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,646,880 Logan (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 3, 1987 (54) PLANETARY wHEEL END WITH WET 4,461,373 7/1984 Pratt et al. .......................... 192/4. A BRAKE Primary Examiner-Duane A. Reger 75 Inventor: Thomas W. Logan, Andover, Minn. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert M. Leonardi; Norb A. 73 Assignee: Dana Corporation, Toledo, Ohio Heban (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 802,927 An axle outer end is disclosed including a planetary 22 Filed: Nov. 29, 1985 reduction drive unit and a multiple disc friction brake. 51) Int. Cl." .............................................. F16D 65/20 The friction brake includes a plurality of rotatable and 52 U.S. Cl. .................................... 188/18 A; 74/489; non-rotatable discs for selectively interconnecting the 180/10; 188/352 ring and sun gears of the planetary drive unit. The fric 58) Field of Search .............. 180/10, 70.1; 188/18 A, tion brake also includes a piston for engaging and mov 188/72.4, 352; 192/4A;74/411.5, 785, 786,789 ing the discs into frictional contact with the planetary drive unit carrier to restrain rotation of the sun gear and 56) References Cited output member. The piston is contained in a chamber U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS formed by a portion of the planetary drive unit ring gear 3,377,076 4/1968 Burnett ........................ 188/196 PX and a portion of an adapter secured to the outer end of 3,754,625 8/1973 Voth et al. ......................... 192/4 A a non-rotatable spindle. An improved oil circulation 4,010,830 3/1977 Logus et al. ........................ 192/4 A system is incorporated in the axle outer end to supply oil 4,037,694 7/1977 Keese .................................. 192/4 A 4,142,615 3/1979 Sidles et al. ........................ 192/4. A to the disc stack and permit the oil to return the main oil 4, 160,497 7/1979 Galicher ............................. 192/4. A Sump. 4,317,498 3/1982 Jirousek et al. ... 180/70.1 4,407,382 10/1983 Dziuba et al. ......................... 180/10 16 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures N S. res2 F. , S. 2S12NS O é 2 en 2 GESN 22:S RS %SSS 3. WS ES5% 2. SE NNNN RN 8 Š U.S. Patent Mar. 3, 1987 Sheet 1 of 3 4,646,880 2 WT \ S.N % to sists N Z NZ s 3SEE(2S3.NN ZE & 2 1.CC * 51 e G.3% N2re res isis), % O - --- Sr.,25%11ZS T aa. a or arrera-a-aaaamamuro NSNNN 52 274 - 54 2. W3 22s-- transettle rzzesat -aee-eeee. X XNN 48 SNN SY Sé 3. Sr. in N N SN 8 EE N U.S. Patent Mar. 3, 1987 Sheet 2 of 3 4,646,880 X-free W. % 2 geS2ZZAN te &S s'. XN 22 86 5 SK4%X: 52,2 212XL a -4. FIG. 2 26 EN3Sax%) BS S. W1 U.S. Patent Mar. 3, 1987 Sheet 3 of 3 4,646,880 5 74 36 N ÉÉ EE NiaNZZZ 48 R 3 N Y ele Z/N1N2 / 2 E. T. E.,2322N. RY N, N: 2O 5 FG, 4. 4,646,880 1. 2 member. The brake mechanism is a multiple disc fric PLANETARY WHEEL END WITH WET BRAKE tion brake comprised of a plurality of axially movable brake discs carried internally of the output member. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Alternate discs are fixed against rotation relative to the This invention relates to drive axle outer end assem axle housing. Intermediate discs are non-rotatably se blies in general and is more particularly directed to a cured to one of the rotary elements downstream of the multiple disc friction brake and planetary reduction axle shaft in the power train drive connecting the axle drive unit for such assemblies. shaft to the output member. Actuating means are pro Planetary reduction outer ends are used as the final vided to move the brake discs axially toward a surface drive in axles for many heavy duty, off-highway type 10 on the planetary reduction unit and into frictional vehicles which are employed in the construction, log contact with one another thereby restraining rotation of ging and mining industries, as well as in farming and for the one rotary element and the output member. mobile materials handling equipment and heavy indus In the present invention, the disc brake assembly trial machinery. As in conventional vehicles, brake applies an axial load directly to the planetary carrier, mechanisms are associated with the drive axle outer end 15 and a radial load directly to the planetary sun gear from to restrain rotation of the final drive mechanism and the the ring gear, i.e., radial loads are transmitted from the wheel or sprocket driven by the drive axle outer end. brake discs to the planetary drive unit gearing with no In such drive axles, the multiple disc friction brake is intermediate components. In a preferred embodiment, arranged to restrain rotation of a differential shaft input the disc brake actuator piston is situated in a two-part to a planetary gear reduction provided in the differen 20 pressure chamber formed by the planetary ring gear and tial housing. In certain applications the multiple disc an adapter secured to the wheel spindle. Suitable pas friction brakes engage the input shaft to the planetary sages in the adapter and spindle cooperate to supply and reduction upstream of the shaft input to the reduction exhaust pressure from the two-part pressure chamber gearing. These brakes will therefore not restrain rota for moving the piston toward and away from contact tion of the reduction gearing for the output member 25 with the brake discs. Piston sealing rings are provided in driven by that gearing if the axle or input shaft breaks the pressure chamber which are operative to function as between the rotor friction discs and the input to the return means for assisting in partially moving the piston planetary reduction gearing. to its disengaged position when engaging pressure is The failure of a drive shaft, whether it be an axle shaft serving as an input to the final drive or a stub shaft 30 relieved. directly driving an output member, is not an uncommon None of the known systems discloses or suggests the occurrence in drive axles for heavy duty equipment. It use of an adapter secured to the spindle where a portion is therefore advantageous to have the brake mechanisms of a one-piece ring gear and adapter cooperate to form provided to such drive axles operative on the final re a piston receiving chamber. duction gearing and the output member independently 35 The present invention thus provides a multiple disc of the input shaft and any shaft drive connecting the friction brake mechanism which is operative on the reduction gearing to the output member. power train connecting the axle shaft and the output Self-contained final drive systems for axle outer ends member downstream of the axle shaft input to the are known where a wheel hub is driven by a planetary power train and operates independently of the axle shaft gear reduction unit and the multiple disc friction brake per se. is used to stop rotation of a sun gear. In addition, certain In a preferred form the present invention also pro systems are known where the multiple disc friction vides a self-contained final drive and brake assembly for brakes are positioned to act directly between the ring an axle outer end in which a wheel hub is driven by a and sun gears of the planetary gear reduction unit and planetary gear carrier and the multiple disc friction the brake discs are arranged to apply a braking force 45 brake is directly operative on the gear driving the plane directly to the carrier of the planetary gear reduction tary pinions. In this embodiment, the multiple disc fric unit. tion brake is operative to restrain rotation of the plane In self-contained final drive units of the above type, tary reduction drive and the output member indepen cooling of the multiple disc friction brake also poses a dently of any torque transmitting drive shafts. constant problem. The problem results from insufficient 50 In the preferred form of the invention to be described circulation of oil to and from the disc pack. Since the oil more fully herebelow the final drive and brake assembly in such systems absorbs most of the heat energy from are compactly provided internally of a wheel hub in a the discs in the pack, it will apparent that if only a small chamber in which the elements drive connecting the volume of oil is permitted to circulate to and from the axle shaft and the wheel hub, the wheel hub bearings disc pack, a serious heat problem could arise. 55 and the multiple disc friction brake assembly are subject While the known systems operate satisfactorily in to the cooling and lubricating action of a common pool some applications, they are complex, requiring a plural of lubricant. The foregoing and other advantages of ity of parts, lacking in adequate cooling and also requir fered by the final drive and brake assembly of the pres ing much more space than is available in existing sys ent invention will become more evident from the fol tens. lowing description of the accompanying drawings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWENGS The present invention provides a final drive and FIG. 1 is a fragmentary partially sectioned view of a brake assembly for an axle outer end comprised of an drive axle outer end embodying the final drive and axle shaft, an axle housing, an output member rotatably 65 brake assembly of the present invention; mounted on the housing, and a plurality of rotary ele FIG.
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