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JF07-National Copy.Indd and American literature and language Louis Menand worried that convergent political beliefs among faculty and stu- Science and Sleep on Line dents, whether caused by self-selection or conformist socialization—in combina- tion with the long time commitments re- The University’s Office of News and Public Affairs quired to earn a Ph. D.—might stifle ben- has debuted HarvardScience (http://harvard- eficial “ferment” and “iconoclasm.” science.harvard.edu), a website on scientific, med- For their part, the authors hope their ical, and engineering research—and the people who work will lay the foundation for “serious conduct it—throughout Harvard. The site reports social-scientific scholarship” that could science news, profiles researchers, and follows Har- explain the “social mechanisms and vard people out into the field. There are also links processes that account for the relative to affiliated hospitals and research institutes; a di- liberalism of the faculty.” What are the rectory of science researchers (although links to their labs and home pages may be e≠ects of professors’ politics, they ask, found more readily, in many instances, directly through their departmental and not only on students, but also on “the school listings); and topical indexes.These aids may even prove useful within the Uni- structure of intellectual fields?” To what versity to connect researchers with common interests or emerging queries. extent, they ask, do the “political Separately, Harvard Medical School’s Division of Sleep Medicine (http://sleep. propensities” of “the contemporary pro- med.harvard.edu) has joined with WGBH Interactive, an affiliate of Boston’s PBS fessoriate…both reflect and feed into channel, to create an on-line sleep and health education program, www.- broader social and cultural dynamics?” HealthySleep.hms.harvard.edu. The first unit, on healthy sleep, appears in January, These are questions they hope will be the with interactive content explaining the future “subject of lively—and empirically science of sleep, why it matters, and how informed…debate.” to get it. Coverage of disorders—such as insomnia, apnea, narcolepsy—will fol- low. The timing (just after New Year’s Retooling Eve revels) and the home venue (a re- search university where students seem Tech Transfer barely able to get to bed before sunrise) seem especially apt. When physicist Eric Mazur’s research group created a new material called black silicon one day in 1998, he knew right away patenting.” But with each statement, by mercializing professors’ inventions and in- they were on to something. The material putting his ideas in the public domain, novations, a process known as technology absorbs 50 percent more visible light than Mazur was unknowingly closing o≠ a pos- transfer. The metamorphosis involved regular silicon, making possible uses easy sible patent for Harvard. “When I came out combining two o∞ces and rechristening to imagine—in solar panels, for instance. of my talk, the Los Angeles Times, The Econo- the merged entity the O∞ce of Technology But the material also has unusual capacity mist, Discover magazine—they were all there Development (OTD, http://otd.harvard.- to detect infrared light, giving it potential to interview me,” he recalls. The word was edu), hiring a new director, and systemati- applications in the defense, automotive, out. cally updating Harvard’s intellectual- telecommunications, and electronics in- After the media flurry, OTTL had sec- property policies. dustries (see “A Sponge for Light,” May- ond thoughts, Mazur says. “They came to Mazur has a unique vantage point as June 2002, page 12). me and said, ‘Well, maybe we should do someone hampered by the old o∞ce and Mazur, now Balkanski professor of ap- something.’ But it was too late. We lost the helped by the new one. He has been on the plied physics and professor of physics, re- chance of protecting the basic idea.” Har- Harvard faculty since 1984, but his name members approaching someone in what vard now holds patents to two applica- was on just one patent application prior to was then the University’s O∞ce of Tech- tions of black silicon and continues to 2002; since 2002, his lab has filed a dozen. In nology and Trademark Licensing (OTTL) apply for more, but the University is still 2005, with funding from three venture-capi- about patenting his discovery. The re- paying for that sin of omission; Mazur tal firms, he founded a company called sponse was, “No, this is not interesting.” planned to travel to the U.S. Patent O∞ce SiOnyx that is developing applications for Mazur dropped the idea. A few months in December to defend an application. black silicon and expects to launch its first later, he spoke about black silicon at a Mazur’s experience may stem from one product soon. Now, Mazur’s name appears meeting of the American Physical Society: bad decision, but it is also emblematic of a on a list of OTD “success stories”—recent “I said, ‘It could be used for this. It could be subsequent transformation. During the start-ups spun o≠ from work in University used for that.’ I was freely talking about it, last five years, the University has com- labs—as evidence of a burgeoning entrepre- because”—supposedly—“it wasn’t worth pletely retooled the way it handles com- neurial spirit at Harvard. With OTD’s help, Graphics by Stephen Anderson Harvard Magazine 57 JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL Yesterday’s News he is negotiating with “a major established company” that wants to develop another From the pages of the Harvard Alumni Bulletin and Harvard Magazine idea from his lab into a product. The di≠er- ence between the new OTD and the old 1913 The Alumni Bulletin welcomes the 1958 The Harvard Corporation issues OTTL, Mazur says, is “black and white.” founding of the Harvard University Press the go-ahead on the construction of as an “eminently appropriate [way to] Harvard’s eighth undergraduate House, That was the goal. “Harvard has a re- powerfully advance the general cause of Quincy. markable research presence,” says Steven learning.” E. Hyman, a professor of neurobiology 1968 A letter calling for de-escalation who was appointed provost in 2001. “We 1923 President Lowell’s refusal to let of the war in Vietnam, with 4,000 signa- produce an enormous number of impor- the son of a black alumnus live, as other tories representing 54 percent of the tant and highly cited new papers every freshmen must, in the freshman dormi- faculty and 51 percent of Harvard and year. But we had been relatively slow to tories creates a furor in the Bulletin’s let- Radcliffe undergraduates, has been pre- commercialize our discoveries, and as a re- ters section and in the public press. sented to President Lyndon Johnson. sult, many potentially important discover- University Professor Edwin O. Rei- ies…sat on library shelves.…I actually think 1938 After 40 and 13 years, respective- schauer, former ambassador to Japan, that it is part of the mission of a research ly, on the research staff of the Harvard and one of the project organizers, calls it university not only to publish papers, but Observatory, astronomers Annie Jump “a remarkable fact that 54 percent of also to get discoveries out into the world.” Cannon and Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin the Harvard faculty signed anything.” Hyman assembled a faculty committee receive Corporation appointments. in 2004 to set priorities for changing tech- 1998 In response to student demands, nology transfer at Harvard and mounted a 1943 The presidents of Harvard, Yale, the College replaces one-ply toilet paper search for someone to lead the charge. In and Princeton issue a joint statement in undergraduate residences with the May 2005, Isaac T. Kohlberg became the agreeing to forgo “athletics as usual” for more luxurious two-ply variety. Dean University’s associate provost and chief the duration. Harry R. Lewis explains that a “high-level technology development o∞cer. Kohlberg, committee, called the Harvard College who has an LL.B. and an M.B.A., had held 1953 Students voice disgust when the Toilet Paper Commission, consisting of analogous positions at the Weizmann In- faculty approves new rules that allow the Administrative Board, the Faculty stitute of Science in Israel, New York Uni- women to stay in undergraduate rooms Council, the Committee on House Life, versity, and Tel Aviv University. until 11 p.m. instead of 8 p.m. on Saturday the Committee on College Life, and the At Harvard, Kohlberg integrated the nights, but completely eliminate the visit- Masters of the Houses…met weekly all separate technology-transfer o∞ce at the ing hours of 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. for fall to consider this important issue.” Medical School into a unified operation the rest of the week. that would report to Hyman. (OTTL had reported to the vice president for finance.) He expanded the o∞ce’s sta≠ by 40 percent, to 35 people—about the same size as MIT’s o∞ce—and focused on hiring colleagues who un- derstand science and business and take a proactive approach. (Here, too, Mazur’s story is il- lustrative. He says someone from OTD visits him “every couple of weeks, if not more...constantly trying to connect us to compa- nies to see if there are mutual interests, and I think that’s great.”) Kohlberg has empha- sized formal network- ing, but also the infor- mal interactions that may unearth unrecog- Illustration by Mark Steele Isaac T. Kohlberg nized opportunities, and lead to trust. (He dents at Stanford, so keeps an espresso machine in his o∞ce to the university holds fortify professors and business leaders the patent.) who drop in.) He hopes to involve more But Kohlberg says alumni, too—as faculty mentors, angel in- this is not the mea- vestors, chief executives, or enthusiasts sure that matters.
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