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Physics & Practice Of VOLUME 1 MAZUR PRINCIPLES PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF PHYSICS & PRACTICE OF Putting Principles First Based on his storied research and teaching, Eric Mazur’s Principles & Practice of Physics builds an understanding of physics that is both thorough and accessible. Unique organization and pedagogy allow students to develop a true conceptual understanding of physics alongside the quantitative skills needed in the course. • New learning architecture: The book is structured to help students learn physics in an organized way that encourages comprehension and reduces distraction. • Physics on a contemporary foundation: Traditional texts delay the introduction of ideas PHYSICS that we now see as unifying and foundational. This text builds physics on those unifying foundations, helping students to develop an understanding that is stronger, deeper, and fundamentally simpler. • Research-based instruction: This text uses a range of research-based instructional techniques to teach physics in the most effective possible manner. The result is a groundbreaking book that puts principles first, thereby making it more accessible to students and easier for instructors to teach. MasteringPhysics® works with the text to create a learning program that enables students to learn both in and out of the classroom. About the Cover Two jets of water collide and mix to form a single swirling wave. The image conveys the elegance and symmetry of physics and how the separate Principles and Practice volumes of this text meld together to teach students the beauty of physics. Please visit us at www.pearsonhighered.com for more information. ISBN-13: 978-0-321-95840-2 To order any of our products, contact our customer service department ISBN-10: 0-321-95840-3 90000 VOL. 1 at (800) 824-7799, (201) 767-5021 outside of the U.S., or visit your ERIC MAZUR campus bookstore. www.pearsonhighered.com 9 780321 958402 PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF PHYSICS VOLUME 1 Eric Mazur Harvard University Sample provided for evaluation purposes only. For a complete copy, contact the publisher or a retailer. For additional information and to request an examination copy, please visit: With contributions from www.pearsonhighered.com/mazur1einfo Catherine H. Crouch Swarthmore College Peter A. Dourmashkin Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo MAZU0930_FM_Principles_V1_R4.indd 1 12/11/13 4:48 AM Executive Editor: Becky Ruden Publisher: Jim Smith Senior Development Editor: Margot Otway Project Managers: Martha Steele and Beth Collins Vice-President of Marketing: Christy Lesko Marketing Manager: Will Moore Photo Researcher: Eric Schrader Manufacturing Buyer: Jeff Sargent Managing Development Editor: Cathy Murphy Development Editor: Irene Nunes Program Manager: Katie Conley Image Lead, Senior Project Manager: Maya Melenchuk Copyeditor: Carol Reitz Associate Content Producer: Megan Power Full-Service Production and Composition: Cenveo® Publisher Services Illustrators: Rolin Graphics Senior Market Development Manager: Michelle Cadden Text Designer: Hespenheide Design Cover Designer: Tandem Creative, Inc. Cover Photo Credit: Franklin Kappa Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permis- sion, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within the text or on p. C-1. Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call (847) 486-2635. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. MasteringPhysics is a trademark, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on file. ISBN 10: 0-321-95840-3; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-95840-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—DOR—17 16 15 14 13 www.pearsonhighered.com MAZU0930_FM_Principles_V1_R4.indd 2 12/11/13 4:48 AM Brief Contents Volume 1 of Principles of Physics includes Chapters 1–21. Volume 2 of Principles of Physics includes Chapters 22–34. Chapter 1 Foundations 1 Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension 28 Chapter 3 Acceleration 53 Chapter 4 Momentum 75 Chapter 5 Energy 101 Chapter 6 Principle of Relativity 121 Chapter 7 Interactions 148 Chapter 8 Force 176 Chapter 9 Work 202 Chapter 10 Motion in a Plane 226 Chapter 11 Motion in a Circle 254 Chapter 12 Torque 281 Chapter 13 Gravity 308 Chapter 14 Special Relativity 337 Chapter 15 Periodic Motion 374 Chapter 16 Waves in One Dimension 400 Chapter 17 Waves in Two and Three Dimensions 432 Chapter 18 Fluids 463 Chapter 19 Entropy 501 Chapter 20 Energy Transferred Thermally 530 Chapter 21 Degradation of Energy 562 Chapter 22 Electric Interactions Chapter 23 The Electric Field Chapter 24 Gauss’s Law Chapter 25 Work and Energy in Electrostatics Chapter 26 Charge Separation and Storage Chapter 27 Magnetic Interactions Chapter 28 Magnetic Fields of Charged Particles in Motion Chapter 29 Changing Magnetic Fields Chapter 30 Changing Electric Fields Chapter 31 Electric Circuits Chapter 32 Electronics Chapter 33 Ray Optics Chapter 34 Wave and Particle Optics III MAZU0930_FM_Principles_V1_R4.indd 3 12/11/13 4:48 AM About the Author ric Mazur is the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Harvard University and Area Dean of Applied Physics. Dr. Mazur is a renowned scientist and researcher in optical physics and in education Eresearch, and a sought-after author and speaker. Dr. Mazur joined the faculty at Harvard shortly after obtaining his Ph.D. at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. In 2012 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the École Polytechnique and the University of Montreal. He is a Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Netherlands and holds honorary professorships at the Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, the Institute of Laser Engineering at the Beijing University of Technology, and the Beijing Normal University. Dr. Mazur has held appointments as Visiting Professor or Distinguished Lecturer at Carnegie Mellon University, the Ohio State University, the Pennsylvania State University, Princeton University, Vanderbilt University, Hong Kong University, the University of Leuven in Belgium, and National Taiwan University in Taiwan, among others. In addition to his work in optical physics, Dr. Mazur is interested in education, science policy, outreach, and the public perception of science. In 1990 he began developing peer instruction, a method for teaching large lecture classes interac- tively. This teaching method has developed a large following, both nationally and internationally, and has been adopted across many science disciplines. Dr. Mazur is author or co-author of over 250 scientific publications and holds two dozen patents. He has also written on education and is the author of Peer Instruction: A User’s Manual (Pearson, 1997), a book that explains how to teach large lecture classes interactively. In 2006 he helped produce the award-winning DVD Interactive Teaching. He is the co-founder of Learning Catalytics, a platform for promoting interactive problem solving in the classroom, which is available in MasteringPhysics®. IV MAZU0930_FM_Principles_V1_R4.indd 4 12/11/13 4:48 AM To the Student Let me tell you a bit about myself. others to see the beauty of the universe—is a wonderful I always knew exactly what I wanted to do. It just never combination. worked out that way. When I started teaching, I did what all teachers did at the When I was seven years old, my grandfather gave me time: lecture. It took almost a decade to discover that my a book about astronomy. Growing up in the Netherlands award-winning lecturing did for my students exactly what I became fascinated by the structure of the solar system, the courses I took in college had done for me: It turned the the Milky Way, the universe. I remember struggling with subject that I was teaching into a collection of facts that my the concept of infinite space and asking endless questions students memorized by rote. Instead of transmitting the without getting satisfactory answers. I developed an early beauty of my field, I was essentially regurgitating facts to passion for space and space exploration. I knew I was going my students. to be an astronomer. In high school I was good at physics, When I discovered that my students were not master- but when I entered university and had to choose a major, ing even the most basic principles, I decided to completely I chose astronomy. change my approach to teaching. Instead of lecturing, I It took only a few months for my romance with the heav- asked students to read my lecture notes at home, and then, ens to unravel. Instead of teaching me about the mysteries in class, I taught by questioning—by asking my students to and structure of the universe, astronomy had been reduced reflect on concepts, discuss in pairs, and experience their to a mind-numbing web of facts, from declinations and own “aha!” moments. right ascensions to semi-major axes and eccentricities. Dis- Over the course of more than twenty years, the lecture illusioned about astronomy, I switched majors to physics. notes have evolved into this book.
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