DOCSLIB.ORG

Självständigt Arbete (15 Hp)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Självständigt Arbete (15 Hp) Gert Soomsalu 2020-10-01 HOP1 Självständigt arbete (15 hp) Författare Program/Kurs Gert Soomsalu HOP1 Handledare Antal ord: 13852 Michael Jonsson Beteckning Kurskod Självständigt arbete magisteruppsats, krigsvetenskap 2O015 ESTONIA IN BALTIC NAVAL COOPERATION- BUSINESS AS USUAL? Sammanfattning: Since the re-establishment of Estonian navy, Baltic naval cooperation has played various roles for Estonian navy. During different periods, Estonian involvement in cooperation has been fluctuating and in 2014, Estonia decided to withdraw from afloat cooperation, yet continuing with other forms of it. In 2018, Estonia proposed new concept and goals for Baltic Naval cooperation. To better un- derstand the current state of affairs, main motives behind Estonia’s acting in cooperation from es- tablishing the cooperation until today are studied and presented. The main aim of this thesis is high- light which factors are favourable to carry out the ideas presented in the concept for future cooper- ation, Baltic Naval Vision 2030+. Results show that there are factors indicating favourable conditions to carry out the plans, neverthe- less there are also factors less favourable. Most salient favouring factor is strategic culture which is similar in Baltic countries, most salient hindering factor is lack of top-down political support. Nyckelord: Cooperation, Baltic navies, Baltic defence, Estonian navy. Sida 1 av 33 Gert Soomsalu 2020-10-01 HOP1 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 FRAMING THE PROBLEM ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Research question .................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Research overview................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 LIMITATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.4 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 DISPOSITION .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 2. THEORY .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 TOMAS VALASEK’S APPROACH .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 Criteria for success ............................................................................................................................................... 8 3. METHOD ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 The case ...................................................................................................................................................................11 3.1.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................................................................11 4. BALTIC NAVAL COOPERATION, BACKGROUND ......................................................................... 12 4.1 RECENT DEBATE ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 FIRST PERIOD 1998 - 2004, FROM JOINING BALTRON MOU TO JOINING NATO ............................... 13 4.3 SECOND PERIOD, FROM JOINING NATO TO DENOUNCEMENT OF BALTRON MOU ........................... 14 4.4 THIRD PERIOD: 2014 UNTIL PRESENT ............................................................................................................... 15 4.5 CONCEPT FOR THE FUTURE: BALTIC NAVAL VISION 2030+ ....................................................................... 16 4.6 SUMMARY OF COOPERATION ............................................................................................................................... 16 5. FACTORS ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 5.1 SIMILARITY OF STRATEGIC CULTURES: ............................................................................................................. 17 5.2 TRUST AND SOLIDARITY ........................................................................................................................................ 18 5.3 COMPARISON OF FORCES ..................................................................................................................................... 19 5.4 DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ........................................................................................................................................... 20 5.5 CLARITY OF INTENTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 21 5.6 CORRUPTION ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 5.7 SERIOUSNESS OF INTENT ...................................................................................................................................... 21 5.8 SOVEREIGNTY AND AUTONOMY ........................................................................................................................... 22 5.9 ALIGNMENT OF DEFENCE PLANNING ................................................................................................................. 22 5.10 INTEROPERABILITY .............................................................................................................................................. 22 5.11 BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN ............................................................................................................................ 23 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 24 6.1 METHODOLOGICAL DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................ 25 6.1.1 Internal validity ....................................................................................................................................................26 6.1.2 Reliability and generalizability ......................................................................................................................26 6.1.3 Source criticism ....................................................................................................................................................26 6.2 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.3 DISCUSSION ABOUT IMPORTANCE OF BALTIC NAVAL COOPERATION ........................................................ 27 6.4 PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ................................................................................................................... 29 7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 29 7.1 INTERVIEWS: ............................................................................................................................................................ 33 Sida 2 av 33 Gert Soomsalu 2020-10-01 HOP1 1. Introduction After the Baltic states regained their independence in 1991, military cooperation between the countries started. Following the re-establishment of the navies in three Baltic countries (3B), cooperation has been active and has taken various forms throughout the years. In 1995, the first trilateral naval exercise, called ‘Amber Sea’, took place and the idea for a common MCM (Mine Countermeasures) unit was conceived (Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2002). For Esto- nia and also for Latvia and Lithuania, in the naval domain and alongside other cooperative projects, the nucleus for practical cooperation was the BALTRON framework (Baltic Naval Squadron), established in 1998. One of the main objectives of BALTRON was to fulfil the requirements of the NATO Partner- ship Goals (Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2002) and it focused on squadron level MCM training. Despite 3B achieving NATO membership in 2004, that focus remained unchanged. After joining the NATO in 2004, and starting in 2005, Estonia has been a regular contributor to SNMCMG1 (Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group One), and has also been in- volved in BALTRON cooperation with two fully manned and equipped MCMV-s (Mine Coun- termeasures Vessel)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge Jeremy Stöhs
    Jeremy Stöhs ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Jeremy Stöhs is the Deputy Director of the Austrian Center for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies (ACIPSS) and a Non-Resident Fellow at the Institute for Security Policy, HOW HIGH? Kiel University. His research focuses on U.S. and European defence policy, maritime strategy and security, as well as public THE FUTURE OF security and safety. EUROPEAN NAVAL POWER AND THE HIGH-END CHALLENGE ISBN 978875745035-4 DJØF PUBLISHING IN COOPERATION WITH 9 788757 450354 CENTRE FOR MILITARY STUDIES How High? The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge Jeremy Stöhs How High? The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge Djøf Publishing In cooperation with Centre for Military Studies 2021 Jeremy Stöhs How High? The Future of European Naval Power and the High-End Challenge © 2021 by Djøf Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior written permission of the Publisher. This publication is peer reviewed according to the standards set by the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. Cover: Morten Lehmkuhl Print: Ecograf Printed in Denmark 2021 ISBN 978-87-574-5035-4 Djøf Publishing Gothersgade 137 1123 København K Telefon: 39 13 55 00 e-mail: [email protected] www. djoef-forlag.dk Editors’ preface The publications of this series present new research on defence and se- curity policy of relevance to Danish and international decision-makers.
    [Show full text]
  • NATO, the Baltic States, and Russia a Framework for Enlargement
    NATO, the Baltic States, and Russia A Framework for Enlargement Mark Kramer Harvard University February 2002 In 2002, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) will be initiating its second round of enlargement since the end of the Cold War. In the late 1990s, three Central European countries—Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland—were admitted into the alliance. At a summit due to be held in Prague in November 2002, the NATO heads-of-state will likely invite at least two and possibly as many as six or seven additional countries to join. In total, nine former Communist countries have applied for membership. Six of the prospective new members—Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, and Macedonia—lie outside the former Soviet Union. Of these, only Slovakia and Slovenia are likely to receive invitations. The three other aspiring members of NATO—Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia— normally would stand a good chance of being admitted, but their status has been controversial because they were republics of the Soviet Union until August 1991. Until recently, the Russian government had vehemently objected to the proposed admission of the Baltic states into NATO, and many Western leaders were reluctant to antagonize Moscow. During the past year-and-a-half, however, the extension of NATO membership to the Baltic states in 2002 has become far more plausible. The various parties involved—NATO, the Baltic states, and Russia—have modified their policies in small but significant ways. Progress in forging a new security arrangement in Europe began before the September 2001 terrorist attacks, but the improved climate of U.S.-Russian relations since the attacks has clearly expedited matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Európai Tükör Xv
    EURÓ PA I TÜ KÖR A KÜLÜGYMINISZTÉRIUM FOLYÓIRATA 2010. MÁJUS A TARTALOMBÓL Berend T. Iván: Válságtól válságig: új európai Zeitgeist az ezredfordulón (1973–2008) Járóka Lívia: Egy európai roma stratégia lehetõsége és szükséges- sége Makkay Lilla: A balti-tengeri térség és az EU balti- EURÓPAI TÜKÖR XV. ÉVF. 5. SZÁM tengeri stratégiája Kátai Anikó: Az Európai Unió követ- kezõ tíz évre szóló versenyképességi és foglalkoztatási stra- tégiája – az Európa 2020 stratégia Siposné Kecskeméthy Klára: A mediterrán térség és az Európai Unió XV. ÉVFOLYAM 5. SZÁM 2010. MÁJUS EURÓPAI TÜKÖR Kiadja a Magyar Köztársaság Külügyminisztériuma, a HM Zrínyi Kommunikációs Szolgáltató Kht. támogatásával. Felelõs kiadó: Tóth Tamás A szerkesztõbizottság elnöke: Palánkai Tibor A szerkesztõbizottság tagjai: Bagó Eszter, Balázs Péter, Balogh András, Barabás Miklós, Baráth Etele, Bod Péter Ákos, Erdei Tamás, Gottfried Péter, Halm Tamás, Hefter József, Horváth Gyula, Hörcsik Richárd, Inotai András, Iván Gábor, Kádár Béla, Kassai Róbert, Kazatsay Zoltán, Levendel Ádám, Lõrincz Lajos, Magyar Ferenc, Nyers Rezsõ, Somogyvári István, Szekeres Imre, Szent-Iványi István, Török Ádám, Vajda László, Vargha Ágnes Fõszerkesztõ: Forgács Imre Lapszerkesztõ: Hovanyecz László Lapigazgató: Bulyovszky Csilla Rovatszerkesztõk: Fazekas Judit, Becsky Róbert Szerkesztõk: Asztalos Zsófia, Farkas József György Mûszaki szerkesztõ: Lányi György A szerkesztõség címe: Magyar Köztársaság Külügyminisztériuma 1027 Budapest, Nagy Imre tér 4. Telefon: 458-1475, 458-1577, 458-1361 Terjesztés: Horváthné Stramszky Márta, [email protected] Az Európai Integrációs Iroda kiadványai hozzáférhetõk az Országgyûlési Könyvtárban, valamint a Külügyminisztérium honlapján (www.kulugyminiszterium.hu; Kiadványaink menüpont). A kiadványcsalád borítón látható emblémája Szutor Zsolt alkotása. Nyomdai elõkészítés: Platina Egyéni Cég Nyomdai kivitelezés: Pharma Press Kft. ISSN 1416-6151 EURÓPAI TÜKÖR 2010/5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Regular Army Officers – an Essay
    Baltic Defence Review No. 3 Volume 2000 The development of regular army officers an essay By Michael H. Clemmesen, Brigadier General, MA (history) One must understand the mechanism and the power of the individual soldier,,, model is expensive in manpower cost (in then that of a company, a battalion, a brigade and so on, before one can ven- a Western industrialised state), relative ture to group divisions and move an army. I believe I owe most of my success to cheap in training cost due to the long the attention I always paid to the inferior part of tactics as a regimental officer... service contracts, and relatively cheap in There are few men in the Army who knew these details better than I did; it is equipment as a result of the limited size. the foundation of all military knowledge. The Duke of Wellington. The training-mobilisation army is relevant The standing force army is likely to be in continental states faced with a poten- Two army models attractive to states without any massive, tial (rather than an immediate) massive direct, overland threat to their territory. scale overland treat that makes it neces- It will often help and clarify an analy- In the pure version of that army, the sol- sary to have a large section of the state sis to establish the theoretical, pure mod- diers will have long service contracts. Be- population available for direct defence. els that can be used as references. In this cause of its potential high readiness, in- The potentially large trained manpower essay I shall use the two basic types of cluding mature unit cohesion, this army pool makes it possible to mobilise an army armies that influence the land forces of model is useful for external intervention that can defend the borders and territory the real world: the standing force army operations and in support of the police in depth.
    [Show full text]
  • EDF 2003-06 Est
    Eesti kaitsejõud 2003-2006 Riigikaitse juhtimisstruktuur Kohalikud omavalitsused Riigikogu Eesti Pank Teised isikud Vabariigi President Siseministee- riumi valit- Päästeamet Kaitsevägi semisalas olevad relva- Piirivalve Kaitseliit üksused Vabariigi Valitsus Teised minis- teeriumid Teabeamet Kaitseminis- teerium Riigikaitse- Kaitseminister osakonnad Kaitseväe juhataja NATO läve- pakul Prahas 2002. aasta novembris toimunud NATO tippkohtumisel sai Eesti kutse alusta- da liitumisläbirääkimisi NATO-ga. Liitu- miskutse tähendab põhimõttelist muutust Eesti julgeolekupoliitilises olukorras ning meie vastutuses Euroopa julgeoleku ja stabiil- suse tagamisel. Kaks aastat tagasi toimunud kaitsejõudude struktuurireformi peamiseks tulemuseks on struktuuri lihtsustamine. Nüüd, kui Eesti kaitsevägi on lõimumas NATO relvajõududega muutub ka meie riigi kaitsekontseptsioon osaks alliansi kait- sekavadest. 2003. aasta jooksul, lähtudes NATO kaitseplaneerimise protsessi põhi- mõtetest ja soovitustest arendatakse ka Eesti riigikaitse struktuuri. Selleks: 1) pöörata Eesti kaitsejõudude arendamisel peatähelepanu NATO kõikideks operat- sioonideks võimelistele ja NATO kriteeriu- mitele vastavatele ümberpaigutatavatele ük- sustele; 2) tagada NATO operatsioonide ja õppuste mereseire süsteemi väljaarendamine, mis korraldamise jaoks vajaliku vastuvõtva riigi viiakse lõpuni 2005. aastal. Õhuvägi kes- toetuse väljaarendamine Eestis; kendus õhuseire arendamisele. Alates 2003. 3) täpsustada territoriaalkaitse struktuuri aasta aprillist on töökorras kolmedimen- ülesandeid,
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 16 NO 43 NOV 1- 7, 2006
    Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 16 NO 43 NOV 1- 7, 2006 FOREIGN NEWS Formin: Estonia Ready to Continue Supporting Iraq Nov 7 - Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet met with Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al- Maliki and US ambassador to Iraq Zalmay Khalilzad. At both the meetings the focus was on the security situation in Iraq and the possible development scenarios. Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki said Estonia's military contribution to the improvement of the security situation in Iraq was important and expressed the hope that it was the first step on the path of the development of political and economic relations. Paet said that Estonia wanted to have closer relations with Iraq and extended to the Meeting of Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet and Iraqi prime minister and foreign minister Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki invitations to visit Estonia. in Bagdhad, Nov 6, 2006 The Estonian foreign minister said that Estonia wanted Iraq to become a politically and economically stable, democratic and successful country. "We understand that the Iraqi government is facing a task of great complexity," Paet said. "We support the efforts of the Iraqi government to resolve the conflicts between the various ethnic and religious groups and to involve them in a common national development process," he added. The Estonian foreign minister said that it was important that talks between the European Union and Iraq over a trade and economic cooperation agreement should open soon. "International trade and economic cooperation makes it possible to stabilize the situation in Iraq, as this would improve the living standards of the people," Paet said.
    [Show full text]
  • Nato Enlargement: Qualifications and Contributions—Parts I–Iv Hearings
    S. HRG. 108–180 NATO ENLARGEMENT: QUALIFICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS—PARTS I–IV HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 27, AND APRIL 1, 3 AND 8, 2003 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 90–325 PDF WASHINGTON : 2003 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:42 Nov 12, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 90325 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana, Chairman CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware LINCOLN CHAFEE, Rhode Island PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio BARBARA BOXER, California LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee BILL NELSON, Florida NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire JON S. CORZINE, New Jersey KENNETH A. MYERS, JR., Staff Director ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:42 Nov 12, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 90325 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 CONTENTS Thursday, March 27, 2003—Part I Page Allen, Hon. George, U.S. Senator from Virginia, opening statement .................
    [Show full text]
  • Baltic Sea Security Regional and Sectoral Perspectives ______
    Baltic Sea Security Regional and Sectoral Perspectives ______________________________________ Olevs Nikers and Otto Tabuns, editors Washington, DC May 2021 THE JAMESTOWN FOUNDATION Published in the United States by The Jamestown Foundation 1310 L Street NW Suite 810 Washington, DC 20005 http://www.jamestown.org Copyright © 2021 The Jamestown Foundation All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written consent. For copyright and permissions information, contact The Jamestown Foundation, 1310 L Street NW, Suite 810, Washington, DC 20005. The publication is a product of the Baltic Sea Security Initiative. The Initiative was made possible by funding from the Baltic-American Freedom Foundation (BAFF). For more information about BAFF scholarships and speaker support, visit balticamericanfreedomfoundation.org. The Initiative was also supported by The Jamestown Foundation, the Latvian Political Science Association, and the Baltic Security Foundation. The views expressed in the book are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of The Jamestown Foundation or any other organization or government. For more information on this book of The Jamestown Foundation, email [email protected]. ISBN: 978-1-7352752-0-8 Cover art provided by Peggy Archambault of Peggy Archambault Design, archdesign1.com. Jamestown’s Mission The Jamestown Foundation’s mission is to inform and educate policy makers and the broader community about events and trends in those societies which are strategically or tactically important to the United States and which frequently restrict access to such information. Utilizing indigenous and primary sources, Jamestown’s material is delivered without political bias, filter or agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel Guide
    TRAVEL GUIDE Traces of the COLD WAR PERIOD The Countries around THE BALTIC SEA Johannes Bach Rasmussen 1 Traces of the Cold War Period: Military Installations and Towns, Prisons, Partisan Bunkers Travel Guide. Traces of the Cold War Period The Countries around the Baltic Sea TemaNord 2010:574 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2010 ISBN 978-92-893-2121-1 Print: Arco Grafisk A/S, Skive Layout: Eva Ahnoff, Morten Kjærgaard Maps and drawings: Arne Erik Larsen Copies: 1500 Printed on environmentally friendly paper. This publication can be ordered on www.norden.org/order. Other Nordic publications are available at www.norden.org/ publications Printed in Denmark T R 8 Y 1 K 6 S 1- AG NR. 54 The book is produced in cooperation between Øhavsmuseet and The Baltic Initiative and Network. Øhavsmuseet (The Archipelago Museum) Department Langelands Museum Jens Winthers Vej 12, 5900 Rudkøbing, Denmark. Phone: +45 63 51 63 00 E-mail: [email protected] The Baltic Initiative and Network Att. Johannes Bach Rasmussen Møllegade 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Phone: +45 35 36 05 59. Mobile: +45 30 25 05 59 E-mail: [email protected] Top: The Museum of the Barricades of 1991, Riga, Latvia. From the Days of the Barricades in 1991 when people in the newly independent country tried to defend key institutions from attack from Soviet military and security forces. Middle: The Anna Akhmatova Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Handwritten bark book with Akhmatova’s lyrics. Made by a GULAG prisoner, wife of an executed “enemy of the people”. Bottom: The Museum of Genocide Victims, Vilnius, Lithuania.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Defence Forces' Annual Report 2020
    Annual Report 2020 ESTONIAN DEFENSE FORCES ANNUAL REPORT 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD || Lt. Gen. Martin Herem 4 RUSSIA’S SECURITY POLICY AND MILITARY DEVELOPMENTS || Military Intelligence Centre 6 FIGHTING THE PANDEMIC || Maj. Indrek Olveti 16 NATO MULTINATIONAL DIVISION NORTH || Command Sgt. Maj. Andreas Rebane 20 ESTONIA AND ALLIES 24 SWIFT AND BOLD – 5 RIFLES IN ESTONIA || Björn Malmquist 34 STRONG BOND CEMENTED || Maj. Allan Møller-Petersen 36 LESSONS FROM THE EXERCISE SPRING STORM || Maj. Gen. Indrek Sirel 38 ESTONIA RECEIVES NEW RIFLES || Ramil Lipp 42 SELF-PROPELLED ARTILLERY K9 THUNDER 46 MILITARY FIELD HOSPITAL DEPLOYS IN KURESSAARE || Maj. Helena Roon 50 US DRONES IN ESTONIA || Lt. Col. Kristo Lipasaar 52 NEW WINDS FOR THE NAVY || Commodore Jüri Saska 56 Soldier from the Viru ESTONIAN SPECIAL FORCES IN MALI || Lt. Col. Margus Kuul 62 Infantry Battalion, 1st Infantry Brigade, looks out from a trench at the MILITARY SERVICE 64 central training ground near Tapa, Estonia, May 7. EDF photo by Junior THE FUTURE BELONGS TO ROBOTIC SYSTEMS || Gert D. Hankewitz 66 Sgt. Jaan Vanaaseme 3 TO THE READER LT. GEN. MARTIN HEREM Commander, Estonian Defense Forces ou are holding the year 2020 of the Estonian Defense Forces. While these reports include a lot about the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains only a «flavor» of our activities. The short Yglances in the annual report focus on the development of our military that contin- ued in spite of the virus. We were unable to conduct snap exer- cises to our reservists, the type of exercises usually measure the quality and efficiency of our activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia: Long Term Defence Development Plan2009-2018
    Estonian Long Term Defence Development Plan 2009 – 2018 Dear reader, 3 Dear reader, National defence documents 4 On 22 January 2009, the Government of the Republic of How was the Plan 2018 drafted? 5 Estonia approved the “Estonian Long Term Defence Deve- Which capabilities will be developed 2009 – 2018? 7 lopment Plan 2009 – 2018” (hereafter Plan 2018), which Communication and intelligence systems will improve Ämari Air Base will be transformed into a modern NATO airfi eld establishes the main development areas of the Estonian Air defence will improve signifi cantly Defence Forces for the next decade. Below you will fi nd an Infantry brigade as the spearhead of the Army overview of how the Plan 2018 was drafted, what will be Mechanised units will improve combat capability the main capability development areas and which invest- Further upgrading of anti-tank capabilities The voluntary Defence League as a broad and effective military organisation ments will follow. Navy keeps its focus on mine countermeasures capabilities To reach the goals of Estonia’s national defence, our defence policy is The Air Force will receive tactical transportation capability based on principles as agreed by the Parliament in June 2004: indivisi- bility of security, solidarity and cooperation, credible military deterrence, Where will the defence forces be located and what kind unity of national defence and total defence, collective security, support to of infrastructure will there be? 11 development of European Union capabilities in the framework of Euro- pean Security and Defence Policy and taking part in ESDP; and democra- What will be the size of the Estonian Defence Forces? 12 tic control of Estonian Defence Forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Defence of the Baltic States
    Report Air Defence of the Baltic States | Sir Christopher Harper | Tony Lawrence | Sven Sakkov | M ay 2018 Title: Air Defence of the Baltic States Authors: Harper, Sir Christopher; Lawrence, Tony; Sakkov, Sven Publication date: May 2018 Category: Report Photo credit: Estonian Defence Forces (pildid.mil.ee) and TPS-77 MRR taken in Ventspils, Latvia during Site Acceptance Test, U.S. Army, 22nd mobile public affairs detachment Keywords: Air defence, air power, capability development, defence cooperation, Baltic states Disclaimer: The views and opinions contained in this report are those of its authors only and do not necessarily represent the positions of the International Centre for Defence and Security. As the work of an independent think tank, this report does not present positions or policies of the Estonian Gov- ernment. ISSN 2228-0529 ISBN 978-9949-7255-2-6 (PDF) ISBN 978-9949-7255-1-9 (PRINT) ©International Centre for Defence and Security 63/4 Narva Rd., 10152 Tallinn, Estonia [email protected], www.icds.ee Air Defence of the Baltic States I Foreword Europe currently faces the greatest set of external risks to its security since the end of the Cold War. Instability to our south requires our constant engagement and brings the challenges of migration and terrorism to our borders. Chapters that we had thought closed – such as Afghanistan and the Western Balkans – demand our renewed attention. To our east, a resurgent Russia is testing us on a range of fronts, and has reminded us once again that we need to be steadfast if we are to deter aggression and armed conflict on our continent.
    [Show full text]