1 BLACK PROTEST EVENTS IN THE US 1994-2010: 1 ISSUES, CAMPAIGNS AND TRENDS Pamela Oliver, University of Wisconsin – Madison
[email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-1008 Alex Hanna, Google
[email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-0813 Chaeyoon Lim, University of Wisconsin - Madison
[email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-4390 ABSTRACT This paper fills a major empirical gap in providing the first systematic data about US Black movement protests between the 1994 and 2010. There is a dearth of systematic information about the Black movement and Black protests between 1995 and its reemergence in Black Lives Matter in 2012. Using a new automated system, we identified 1017 events in 1049 news wire stories relevant to Black protest between 1994 and 2010 from the Annotated English Gigaword file. These data provide insight into Black activism in the between 1994 and 2010 and identify themes that are salient for both the resurgence of the Black Lives Movement after 2012 and the rise of White supremacist movements. Over a third of all protest events are about policing, generally about police violence. Other major themes include direct struggles over White vs. Black symbolic representations and access to resources, including protests over Confederate symbols, abolition of affirmative action programs, and White supremacists. The 1995 Million Man March shows up as having a significant connection to subsequent mobilization, a relationship that is confirmed by historical accounts. A third of the protests are around a wide variety of other specific issues that will require more detailed classification. Time trends show active and rising Black mobilization in the 1990s through 2001 that was interrupted by the 9/11 terror attacks and not significantly resumed until 2006-7.