Bab 7 : Perjuangan Rakyat Tempatan 2
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Kajian Literatur Terhadap Peranan Ulama Dalam Kemerdekaan Malaysia
68 | Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Tamadun & Warisan Islam (TAWIS) 2016 Kajian Literatur Terhadap Peranan Ulama dalam Kemerdekaan Malaysia FARID MAT ZAIN1, IZZIAH SURYANI MAT RESAD @ ARSHAD2 & MOHD FAZMIE DERAMAN2 Abstrak Ulama memain peranan penting dalam sesebuah masyarakat termasuk dalam masyarakat Melayu. Penulisan mengenai ulama Melayu masih terhad. Kajian ini meneliti tentang peranan ulama Melayu dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan menentang British. Ulama kelompok yang di dianggap alim dalam ilmu agama, dipercayai turut berperanan dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk meneliti peranan ulama dalam perjuangan menentang British di Tanah Melayu di samping menghuraikan bentuk penentangan yang dilakukan oleh golongan tersebut. Seterusnya makalah ini akan menilai hasil perjuangan dan pencapaian dalam perjuangan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif berteraskan kajian sejarah dan kajian analisis kandungan. Data bagi kajian ini dikumpulkan menerusi kaedah tekstual. Kaedah ini dipilih untuk membolehkan penulis menerangkan dan membuat interpretasi sendiri terhadap sesuatu maklumat daripada sumber yang dirujuk. Analisis data pula dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil kajian daripada tinjauan literatur mendapati kajian berkenaan dengan ulama dalam menuntut kemerdekaan masih kurang diketengahkan oleh pengkaji termasuk sarjana luar. Walaupun ada kajian yang menyentuh berkenaan dengan peranan ulama dalam menuntut kemerdekaan, namun ia hanyalah dikhususkan kepada tempat-tempat tertentu dan tidak -
Language Use and Attitudes As Indicators of Subjective Vitality: the Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia
Vol. 15 (2021), pp. 190–218 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24973 Revised Version Received: 1 Dec 2020 Language use and attitudes as indicators of subjective vitality: The Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia Su-Hie Ting Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Andyson Tinggang Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Lilly Metom Universiti Teknologi of MARA The study examined the subjective ethnolinguistic vitality of an Iban community in Sarawak, Malaysia based on their language use and attitudes. A survey of 200 respondents in the Song district was conducted. To determine the objective eth- nolinguistic vitality, a structural analysis was performed on their sociolinguistic backgrounds. The results show the Iban language dominates in family, friend- ship, transactions, religious, employment, and education domains. The language use patterns show functional differentiation into the Iban language as the “low language” and Malay as the “high language”. The respondents have positive at- titudes towards the Iban language. The dimensions of language attitudes that are strongly positive are use of the Iban language, Iban identity, and intergenera- tional transmission of the Iban language. The marginally positive dimensions are instrumental use of the Iban language, social status of Iban speakers, and prestige value of the Iban language. Inferential statistical tests show that language atti- tudes are influenced by education level. However, language attitudes and useof the Iban language are not significantly correlated. By viewing language use and attitudes from the perspective of ethnolinguistic vitality, this study has revealed that a numerically dominant group assumed to be safe from language shift has only medium vitality, based on both objective and subjective evaluation. -
Tok Janggut, Ulama Dan Pahlawan Melayu
KERATAN AKHBAR JUDUL : Berita Harian Online TARIKH : Jumaat, 19 Ogos 2016 Tok Janggut, ulama dan pahlawan Melayu KUALA LUMPUR: Mat Hassan Munas atau lebih dikenali sebagai Tok Janggut adalah seorang ulama dan pahlawan Melayu yang sanggup menggadai nyawa menentang British. Pensyarah Kanan Jabatan Kenegaraan dan Peradaban Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Dr Hamdan Aziz, berkata Tok Janggut adalah antara penentang British pada awal 1900-an di Kelantan, iaitu semasa berlakunya Perang Dunia Pertama antara 1914 hingga 1918. "Walaupun dia tahu penentangannya akan berakhir dengan maut, tetapi beliau tetap meneruskannya untuk menunjukkan kepada orang Melayu lain, yang beliau juga mempunyai sifat suka menolong orang," kata Hamdan. Beliau adalah penyelidik manuskrip mengenai Tok Janggut pada "Wacana Manuskrip Melayu bertajuk 'Hikayat Peperangan Tok Janggut' anjuran Perpustakaan Negara sempena sambutan Bulan Kebangsaan 2016, di sini. Hamdan turut menafikan dakwaan pihak tertentu bahawa Tok Janggut menentang Sultan Kelantan pada masa itu, dan berkata sebenarnya beliau menentang British yang mengamalkan sikap orientalis dengan menguasai pihak Istana. Hamdan berkata, British mengetahui budaya orang Melayu adalah taat setia kepada Sultan, dan untuk menguasai orang Melayu ialah melalui mengawal Sultan mereka. Beliau berkata, kajiannya mengenai pahlawan Tok Janggut itu turut dibuat berdasarkan manuskrip yang ditulis oleh Ahmad Abdul Rahman dari Pattani, Thailand, keratan laporan akhbar British mengenai pahlawan itu oleh The Straits Times dan pembuktian tempat sejarah di Pasir Puteh. "Manuskrip Ahmad itu yang ditulis dalam era 1950-an, mempunyai catatan yang terperinci mengenai salasilah Tok Janggut, berapa ramai adik-beradik pahlawan itu dan kehidupannya menentang British," katanya. Berdasarkan fakta manuskrip itu, antara sifat Tok Janggut yang boleh dijadikan pengajaran untuk generasi kini ialah kesungguhannya menentang kezaliman British, katanya. -
Searching for the Rakyat a People's History of Malaysia
Book Review Searching for the Rakyat A People’s History of Malaysia: With Emphasis on the Development of Nationalism, by Syed Husin Ali. Selangor, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre & Pusat Sejarah Rakyat Berhad, 2018. Pp. 194. ISBN 9789672165101. Matthew Constancio Maglana Santamaria The goal of writing a people’s (rakyat) history can be likened to an elusive search for the people itself. This rather paradoxical statement is not lost to a historian whose core values in scholarship eschew the elite-centric world of the so-called victor’s narrative or the equally skewed, alternative narratives that favor only the stories of the oppressed and the marginalized. “Balance” sits at the center of this approach to writing history, noting the distinguished, if not highly variegated, contributions of individuals, organizations, and movements on the basis of class, gender, race, religion, ethnolinguistic background, and many other sources of plural Malaysian identities. As Syed Husin Ali thoughtfully admits, writing a people’s history is fraught with methodological challenges. Ancient stone inscriptions extoll only the lives of great rajahs or sultans. Archives hardly archive the masses. The developmental trajectory of national cultures often ignores the contribution of certain regions to national life. The same holds true in varying degrees for women, students, and minorities. As such, the people’s historian must rely on other methods such as the collection of oral histories, and insist on the proactive inclusion of the stories of cultural minorities, women, and other marginalized sectors (p. 14). It may be proffered that Syed Husin Ali’s search for a people’s history of Malaysia has met some degree of success. -
View the Table of Contents for This Issue: Https
http://englishkyoto-seas.org/ View the table of contents for this issue: https://englishkyoto-seas.org/2018/12/vol-7-no-3-of-southeast-asian-studies/ Subscriptions: http://englishkyoto-seas.org/mailing-list/ For permissions, please send an e-mail to: [email protected] SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES Vol. 7, No. 3 December 2018 CONTENTS Divides and Dissent: Malaysian Politics 60 Years after Merdeka Guest Editor: KHOO Boo Teik KHOO Boo Teik Preface ....................................................................................................(269) KHOO Boo Teik Introduction: A Moment to Mull, a Call to Critique ............................(271) ABDUL RAHMAN Ethnicity and Class: Divides and Dissent Embong in Malaysian Studies .........................................................................(281) Jeff TAN Rents, Accumulation, and Conflict in Malaysia ...................................(309) FAISAL S. Hazis Domination, Contestation, and Accommodation: 54 Years of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia ....................................(341) AHMAD FAUZI Shifting Trends of Islamism and Islamist Practices Abdul Hamid in Malaysia, 1957–2017 .....................................................................(363) Azmi SHAROM Law and the Judiciary: Divides and Dissent in Malaysia ....................(391) MAZNAH Mohamad Getting More Women into Politics under One-Party Dominance: Collaboration, Clientelism, and Coalition Building in the Determination of Women’s Representation in Malaysia .........................................................................................(415) -
Bincangkan Penentangan Masyarakat Tempatan Terhadap Pemerintahan Brooke Di Sarawak Dan Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara (SBBU) Di Sabah Pada Abad Ke – 19
Bincangkan penentangan masyarakat tempatan terhadap pemerintahan Brooke di Sarawak dan Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara (SBBU) di Sabah pada abad ke – 19. A. PENDAHULUAN - Sarawak diserahkan kepada James Brooke melalui perjanjian 1841 - Pentadbiran Brooke di Sarawak membangkitkan perasaan tidak puas hati masayarakat tempatan. - Wujud beberapa gerakan penentangan seperti Syarif Masahor dan Rentap. - 1882, syarikat Borneo Utara British berjaya menguasai sabah - Penentangan terhadap British di Sabah dilancarkan oleh Pahlawan Mat Salleh. B. ISI Penentangan di Sabah a) Penentangan Mat Salleh : Sebab-sebab penentangan - Nama sebenar Datu Mohamed Salleh bin Datu Balu - Mat Salleh menentang SBBU atas faktor percukaian. SBBU memperkenalkan pelbagai jenis cukai yang membebankan masyarakat tempatan seperti cukai beras, lesen perahu, dan amalan buruh paksa. - Mat Salleh bangun menentang apabila SBBU telah campurtangan dan memasuki wilayahnya iaitu daerah Sungai Sugut. - Membina jalan raya dan jalan keretapi merentasi kawasan Ranau tanpa kebenarannya terlebih dahulu. - Mat Salleh sangat dipengaruhi oleh semangat perjuangan jihad orang Sulu menentang Sepanyol di selatan Filipina. - Ogos 1895, Mat Salleh dan beberapa orang pembesar tempatan ke Sandakan menemui Gabenor Beaufort iaitu C.V Creagh berunding tentang cukai tetapi tidak dilayan dan juga mereka tidak puas hati terhadap sikap kekerasan pegawai SBBU terhadap penduduk tempatan. Peristiwa Penentangan/Kesan - Julai Mat Salleh dan pengikutnya telah menyerang Pulau Gaya serta bangunan kerajaan. Mat Salleh dianggap telah mengancam kepentingan SBBU lalu SBBU bertindak membakar dan memusnahkan perkampungan perkampungan Mat Salleh. - SBBU telah menawarkan $500 kepada sesiapa yang berjaya menangkapnya. - SBBU bertindakbalas menyerang kubu Mat Salleh di Ranau. Mat Salleh dapat melarikan diri dan kubunya dimusnahkan. - SBBU gagal menangkap mat salleh dan kemudiannya menawarkan perdamaian dengan menetapkan syarat Mat Salleh sedia mengangkat sumpah taat setia kepada pihak British. -
Title Domination, Contestation, and Accommodation: 54 Years of Sabah
Domination, Contestation, and Accommodation: 54 Years of Title Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia Author(s) Faisal, S. Hazis Citation Southeast Asian Studies (2018), 7(3): 341-361 Issue Date 2018-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/237246 Right © Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 2, September 2011 Domination, Contestation, and Accommodation: 54 Years of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia Faisal S. Hazis* This article traces the major contestations that have taken place in Sabah and Sarawak throughout the 54 years of their independence. The two major areas of contestation are state power and local resources, pitting federal leaders against Sabah and Sarawak’s elites. These contestations have forced the federal govern- ment to accommodate the local elites, thus ensuring the stability of Barisan Nasional (BN) rule in the East Malaysian states. However, Sabah and Sarawak elites are not homogeneous since they have different degrees of power, agendas, and aspirations. These differences have led to open feuds between the elites, resulting in the col- lapse of political parties and the formation of new political alignments. Over almost four decades, a great majority of the people in Sabah and Sarawak have acceded to BN rule. However, in the last decade there have been pockets of resistance against the authoritarian rule of BN and the local elites. This article argues that without accountability and a system of checks and balances, the demand for more autonomy by the increasingly vocal Sabah and Sarawak elites will benefit only them and not the general public. -
Development of Global Timber Tycoons in Sarawak, East Malaysia
DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL TIMBER TYCOONS IN SARAWAK, EAST MALAYSIA HISTORY AND COMPANY PROFILES February 2011 A report produced for: Bruno Manser Fund, Switzerland www.bmf.ch Authored by: Daniel Faeh, [email protected] i Imprint Bruno Manser Fund, www.bmf. ch Socinstrasse 37 4051 Basel Daniel Faeh, [email protected] Research Assistant at the Economic Geography Group, University of Bern, Switzerland ii CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................III TABLES AND FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................................V ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................................................................ VI 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................1 2. TROPICAL TIMBER INDUSTRY ...................................................................................................................................3 2.1. GLOBAL TROPICAL FOREST RESOURCES........................................................................................................................3 2.2. TROPICAL TIMBER VALUE CHAIN...................................................................................................................................5 -
Citra Wira Rakyat Dalam Legenda Mat Salleh Oleh
Citra Wira Rakyat dalam Legenda Mat Salleh Oleh: LOWKOKON T esis diserahkan untuk memenuhi keperluan bagi Ijazah Sarjana Sastera Januari 1999 Penghargaan Dalam proses menyiapkan tesis ini, saya terhutang budi kepada banyak pihak sama ada yang telah menghulurkan bantuan secara langsung atau tidak langsung kepada saya. Pertama, saya ingin mengambil kesempatan ini mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi terima kasih kepada Penyelia Utama saya, iaitu Profesor Madya Noriah Taslim yang telah memberikan tunjuk ajar dan bimbingan yang tidak terhingga kepada saya selama ini. Saya juga ingin mengucapkan ribuan terima kasih kepada pihak Muzium Negeri Sabah yang telah membenarkan saya menggunakan kemudahan perpustakaannya untuk mendapatkan bahan-bahan rujukan yang relevan dengan penyelidikan saya ini. Setinggi- tinggi terima kasih saya ucapkan kepada Pengara~.., lXf~.~ium Negeri Sabah ( 1996) Datuk ~ ,.~,, \ ~ ' ' ' Jamdin Buyong dan Timbalannya, En Pianus Guntavid yang telah sudi menjadi pemberi maklumat saya. Begitu juga kepada dua orang kurator Muzium Negeri Sabah; iaitu Rebin Noyo dan Suchin yang telah membantu saya memperoleh beberapa orang pemberl maklumat yang penting. Pihak Arkib Negeri Sabah turut memberikan sumbangan yang tidak terhingga kepada saya. Di Arkib Negeri Sabahlah saya telah banyak memperoleh bahan rujukan yang amat penting seperti The British North Borneo Herald yang tersiar di antara tahun 1894 iii hingga 1921, dan sebuah diari asal daripada seorang pegawai Kompeni Berpiagam Borneo Utara, iaitu diari Alexander Rankin Dunlop yang bertarikh 1894 hingga 1905. Tidak ketinggalan, saya ingin mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi terima kasih kepada Awang Yaakub Duraman, Ismail Abbas, Nasip Kumpar, Tuan Haji Atim, Sito bin Duraman, Ampuan Hamzah bin Ampuan Ali, Syarif Yusof bin Syarif Bidin, Mali bin Nayan, Usu bin Siagah dan Lues binti Sepah yang ·telah sudi menjadi pemberi maklumat saya. -
01 Title Page
Contested Nationalisms and Propaganda: Birth Pangs of a Malaysian Nation, 1957-1969 By Cheong Soon Gan A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Peter Zinoman (Chair) Professor Jeffrey Hadler Professor Andrew Barshay Fall 2012 Contested Nationalisms and Propaganda: Birth Pangs of a Malaysian Nation, 1957-1969 Copyright 2012 by Cheong Soon Gan Abstract Contested Nationalisms and Propaganda: Birth Pangs of a Malaysian Nation, 1957-1969 by Cheong Soon Gan Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Peter Zinoman, Chair This dissertation looks at how the newly independent Malaysian state used propaganda as one of the tools in forging a new nationalism and specific values of citizenship in the face of enduring ethnic cleavages and contesting visions of nationhood. I look at the period from independence in 1957 to the race riots in 1969 that claimed nearly 200 lives and plunged the country into a state of Emergency for a year. As Malaya achieved independence, the contest between competing visions of the nation that began after World War II not only remained unresolved but also continued to intensify during the 1960s. One vision constructed a nation based on the primacy of the indigenous ethnic group, the Malays, while non-Malays advanced a vision that emphasized the equality of all ethnic groups in the nation. The former became the basis of the official nationalism of independent Malaya/Malaysia, but the ruling coalition tried to blunt opposition to it by co-opting elements of the latter without resolving fully the tensions between these diametrically opposed ideas. -
At the Edges of States Dynamics of State Formation in the Indonesian Borderlands at the Edges of States
At the edges of states Dynamics of state formation in the Indonesian borderlands At the edges of states At Set in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, this study explores the shifting relationships between border communities and the state along the political border with East Malaysia. The book rests on the premises that remote border regions o er an exciting study arena that can tell us important things about how marginal citizens relate to their nation-state. The basic assumption is that central state authority in the Indonesian borderlands has never been absolute, but waxes and wanes, and state rules and laws are always up for local interpretation and negotiation. In its role as key symbol of state sovereignty, the borderland has become a place were central state authorities are often most eager to govern and exercise power. But as illustrated, the borderland is also a place were state authority is most likely to be challenged, questioned and manipulated as border communities often have multiple loyalties that transcend state borders and contradict borderlands in the Indonesian of stateDynamics formation imaginations of the state as guardians of national sovereignty and citizenship. Michael Eilenberg (1975) is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Aarhus University. At the edges His research focuses on issues of state formation, sovereignty, and agrarian expansion in frontier regions of Southeast Asia. of states “Eilenberg’s rich insights could not have been achieved without years spent developing trust and experiencing rsthand the ambiguity of a border as a zone of opportunity as well as control. The analysis of the border elite who combine traditional authority with bureaucratic o ce, charisma with force, and legal practices with illegal Dynamics of state formation in the ones throws into sharp relief a set of practices that are found not only on the fringes of the Indonesian nation, but on the fringes of its cities as well. -
3 Evading State Authority | and Secondary Sources Such As Dutch Colonial Records, Other Scholarly Literature and Oral History Collected During and After Fieldwork
3 Evading state authority The status of borders has been contingent on varying historical circum- stances, rather than being immutably rock-like. Borders shift; they leak; and they hold varying sorts of meaning for different people (Migdal 2004:5). This chapter and the subsequent Chapter 4 are a critical reading of key moments in borderland history, ranging from the latter part of the Dutch colonial period (1850s) to the end of the New Order period of former President Soeharto (1998). An underlying objective is to show the histori- cal development of the Kalimantan Iban as a border people, in particu- lar, the way the borderland, and more specifically the strategies of border inhabitants, have been shaped in relationship to colonial and postcolo- nial states and their regulative border policies. I here demonstrate that states and their borders are not static or permanent structures, separating territories and excluding people as originally intended by colonial state planners, but are the result of dynamic historical processes. The chapters unravel the continuities between these periods, describe the long-term social and economic interactions across the border, and finally discuss the implications of these historic legacies of the past for the consolidation of authority among local border elites. In order to locate the borderland in time, the historical account is di- vided into two chapters, each dealing with a specific period in borderland history (pre- and post-independence). Each period illuminates the ongo- ing ambivalent relationship between local communities and government authority (the Dutch colonial administration or the Indonesians state). The chapters argue that this ambiguity is an outcome of the particulari- ties of life at the border, of being situated between two divergent nation states and of the continuously shifting character of the border.