DOCSLIB.ORG

TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN BUILT Rorms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN BUILT Rorms TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN BUILT roRMS: A STUDY or THE ORIGINS, MAIN BUILDING TYPES, DEVELOPMBHT or BUILDING roRMS, DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND THE APPLICATION or TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS IN MODERN BUILDINGS Esmawee Haji Endut A thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Department of Architecture University of Sheffield November 1993 I TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN BUILT FORMS: A STUDY OF THE ORIGINS, MAIN BUILDING TYPES, DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING FORMS, DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND THE APPLICATION OF TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS IN MODERN BUILDINGS SUMMARY The architectural heritage of Malaysia consists of Malay, Chinese and colonial architecture. These three major components of traditional Malaysian architecturel have evolved in sequence and have overlapped from the beginning of the fifteenth century. These building traditions ceased with the emergence of a new architectural movement which was brought into the country in the twentieth century after the nation's independence. This new phase was the development of modern architecture and during this period, many buildings in Malaysian cities were built in the International Style, which was popular in many western countries. The continual process of adopting western styles and images has resulted in buildings which disregard the environmental and climatic factors of Malaysia and this has led to the problem of identity in the development of Malaysian architecture. It was in view of this problem that this research was initiated, coupled with an interest to investigate the underlying principles of traditional built 1 For the purpose of this study, 'traditional architecture' or 'traditional built forms' refer to the early building traditions in Malaysia before independence which includes the Chinese and colonial buildings. II forms and an urge to find some answers to the identity problem. This study is aimed at producing a comprehensive and systematic documentation of traditional built forms and special emphasis has been given to the study of the design principles of each component of traditional architecture in order to recognize their significance and to explore the possibility of adopting them in modern buildings. Chapter One gives an overview of the main historical events prior to Malaysian independence which had a significant effect on the present form of built environment. The main body of the thesis (Chapter Two, Three and Four) records the history and development of traditional Malaysian architecture, with a substantial part of each chapter devoted to the study of design principles. Chapter Five deals with the development of modern architecture, the identity crisis and an analysis on contemporary built forms. The final chapter (Chapter Six) outlines the importance of traditional design principles and presents some alternative solutions to problems in contemporary designs. III ACICNOWLZDGEMEN'rS I would like to extend my gratitude to all those who have contributed to the completion of this work. In particular, I owe special thanks to my supervisor Mr. Peter G. Fauset of the University of Sheffield for his supervision, for his time in reading the thesis, for his invaluable comments, encouragement and enthusiasm during the whole period of my study. I also would like to thank the staff in the Architecture Department· and in the University libraries of the University of Sheffield for their assistance in obtaining invaluable material for the research. I am thankful to fellow research students in the University of Sheffield who have given me information on various related subjects. I am also indebted to Mr. Azami Ismail of DBS Architects who has assisted me in obtaining technical information from Design Building Services of Sheffield City Council. In addition, I would like to acknowledge my family for their support and enduring patience during the whole process of research. Finally, I would like to thank my sponsors, the Public Services Department and Institut Teknologi Mara, especially to the Director of ITM, Y. Bhg. Dato' Dr. Haji Mohd Mansor Haji Salleh, who was responsible for awarding the research scolarship. IV TABLE 01' CON'l'BN'.rS Page i. SUMMARY II ii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV iii. TABLE OF CONTENTS V iv. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VIII v. INTRODUCTION XVIII General Impression of Malaysian Cities XX ~ - Architectural Issues and Design Problems ~ XXII ~- The Importance of Research and Reasons for Study XXIII Scope of Work and Overall Objectives XXIV Research Methodology and Source of Information XXVII Structure of Thesis XXVIII Chapter One: BACKGROUND or MALAYSIA V 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND 1 1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1.2.1 The Early Inhabitants and Settlements 4 1.2.2 The Malay-Indian Kingdoms 9 1.2.3 The Arrival of Islam in the Malay Peninsula 17 1.2.4 The Migration of the Chinese and Indians 25 1.2.5 The Coming of the West 37 1.2.6 The Pre-War and Post War Periods 51 1.2.7 The Independence and Formation of Malaysia 60 Chapter Two: INDIGENOUS MALAY ARCRITZCTORZ 2.1 HISTORY AND ORIGINS 64 2.2 THE MAIN BUILDING TYPES 94 2.2.1 Traditional Malay Timber Houses /" 95 v 2.2.2 Traditional Malay Timber Mosques 97' 2.2.3 Traditional Malay Timber Palaces 102 2.2.4 The 'Surau' 106 2.2.5 The 'Madrasah' 107 2.2.6 The 'Wakaf' 111 2.3 BUILDING FORM AND ITS DEVELOPMENT \/2.3.1 Definition of 'Kampung' 113 ~2.3.2 The Structure of a Malay Kampung 115 ~ 2.3.3 Types of Building Form and Regional Variations 116 ~2.3.4 Building Components and Interior Layout 130 ~ 2.3.5 Materials and Construction System 140 144 ~2.3.6 Building Extension Systems 2.4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES 149 \I 2.4.1 Malay Concepts of Space 150 v 2.4.2 Main Characteristics of Building 152 \~ 2.4.3 Adaptation to Climate 158 v 2 . 4 . 4 Ornamentation and Decorative Elements 161 V )<Chapter Three: MALAYSIAN CHINESE ARCHITECTURE 3.1 HISTORY AND ORIGINS 172 3.2 THE MAIN BUILDING TYPES 190 3.2.1 Shophouses 191 3.2.2 Terrace Houses 196 3.2.3 Mansions 198 3.2.4 Temples 200 3.2.5 'Kongsis' 204 3.3 BUILDING FORM AND ITS DEVELOPMENT 3.3.1 Main Architectural Styles 208 3.3.2 Planning 214 3.3.3 Building Components and Interior Layout 216 3.3.4 Materials and Construction System 221 3.4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES 3.4.1 Chinese Concepts of Space - Feng Shui 231 3.4.2 Main Characteristics of Building 236 3.4.3 Adaptation to Climate 240 3.4.4 Ornamentation and Decorative Elements 241 ~ Chapter Four: MALAYSIAN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE 4.1 HISTORY AND ORIGINS 247 4.2 THE MAIN BUILDING TYPES 4.2.1 Government Offices 256 4.2.2 Railway Stations 260 4.2.3 Churches 266 4.2.4 Schools 271 4.2.5 Club Houses 273 4.2.6 Mansions and Bungalows 277 4.3 COLONIAL BUILDINGS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT 4.3.1 Main Architectural Styles 286 4.3.2 Planning 291 4.3.3 Building Components and Interior Layout 297 4.3.4 Materials and Construction System 302 4.4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES 4.4.1 European Concept of Space 303 4.4.2 Main Characteristics of Building 304 4.4.3 Adaptation to Climate 311 4.4.4 Ornamentation and Decorative Elements 312 V Chapter Five: CONTEMPORARY MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE 5.1 MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE AFTER INDEPENDENCE 317 5.1.1 The First Decade After Independence 318 5.1.2 The Second Decade After Independence 322 5.1.3 The Third Decade And Consecutive Years 325 VI 5.2 MALAYSIAN IDENTITY IN ARCHITECTURE 5.2.1 The Identity Crisis 338 5.2.2 Programmes In Search of A Malaysian Identity In Architecture 5.2.2.1 The 1971 Seminar on Architecture 348 5.2.2.2 The 1981 Seminar Towards The National Identity In Architecture 350 5.2.2.3 The 1983 Aga Khan Award Seminar on Architecture 356 5.2.2.4 The PAM Design Competitions 359 5.3 ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIAN CONTEMPORARY BUILT FORMS 5.3.1 Early Attempts to Incorporate Traditional Elements in Modern Buildings 361 5.3.1 Examples of Poorly Designed Buildings Which Incorporate Traditional Forms 370 5.3.2 Examples of Practical and Effective Re-Use of Traditional Design Principles In New Buildings 375 5.2.4 Alternative Forms and Ideas ~ Chapter Six: CONCLOSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 THE ESSENCE OF MALAYSIAN TRADITIONAL BUILT FORMS 398 6.2 THE VALIDITY AND LIMITATIONS OF USING TRADITIONAL FORMS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES 404 ~6.3 CONTEMPORARY DESIGN PROBLEMS AND ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS 6.3.1 The Application of Traditional Design Principles In Contemporary Housing 423 6.3.2 The Application of Traditional Design Principles In Hise-Rise Developments 437 6.3.3 The Problem of Scale in Large Development 444 6.4 THE OUTCOME OF THE IDENTITY CRISIS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 448 vii. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 453 viii. GLOSSARY 465 ix. APPENDICES 470 A - The Rulers of Malacca 471 472 B - The Malaccan System of Leadership C - The Remaining Examples of Traditional Malay Palaces in the Malay pen~n~ula 473 D - The Remaining Examples of Trad1t1onal Malay Mosques in the Malay Peninsula 474 475 E - Dynasties of China F - Notable and Historical Chinese Temples and Kongsi Houses in the Malay Peninsula 476 G - Notable and Historical Colonial Buildings in the Malay Peninsula 477 H - Architectural Styles in Britain 480 I - Architectural Styles in Malaysia 481 VII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 .1: The geographical location of the Malay peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak. Fig. 1.2: The locations of 'Malay-Indian Kingdoms'. Fig. 1.3: The trading routes and the empire of Malacca. Fig. 1.4: The tombstone of Sultan Malik As-Salleh. Fig. 1.5: The first historical evidence of the arrival of Islam in the Malay peninsula.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Alternative Digital Movies As Malaysian National Cinema A
    Unfolding Time to Configure a Collective Entity: Alternative Digital Movies as Malaysian National Cinema A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Fine Arts of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Hsin-ning Chang April 2017 © 2017 Hsin-ning Chang. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Unfolding Time to Configure a Collective Entity: Alternative Digital Movies as Malaysian National Cinema by HSIN-NING CHANG has been approved for Interdisciplinary Arts and the College of Fine Arts by Erin Schlumpf Visiting Assistant Professor of Film Studies Elizabeth Sayrs Interim Dean, College of Fine Arts 3 ABSTRACT CHANG, HSIN-NING, Ph.D., April 2017, Interdisciplinary Arts Unfolding Time to Configure a Collective Entity: Alternative Digital Movies as Malaysian National Cinema Director of dissertation: Erin Schlumpf This dissertation argues that the alternative digital movies that emerged in the early 21st century Malaysia have become a part of the Malaysian national cinema. This group of movies includes independent feature-length films, documentaries, short and experimental films and videos. They closely engage with the unique conditions of Malaysia’s economic development, ethnic relationships, and cultural practices, which together comprise significant understandings of the nationhood of Malaysia. The analyses and discussions of the content and practices of these films allow us not only to recognize the economic, social, and historical circumstances of Malaysia, but we also find how these movies reread and rework the existed imagination of the nation, and then actively contribute in configuring the collective entity of Malaysia. 4 DEDICATION To parents, family, friends, and cats in my life 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Representation of Pluralism in Literary History from Riau Island, Indonesia
    Athens Journal of Philology - Volume 6, Issue 2 – Pages 83-104 Representation of Pluralism in Literary History from Riau Island, Indonesia By Mu᾽jizah One kind of the genre in literature is literary history, often called historiography traditional. In 17th--19th century this type of work was commonly found in the Riau Island manuscripts, especially in Pulau Penyengat. This area in ancient times became a scriptorium of Malay manuscripts. Several authors and scribes’ works, such as Raja Haji, Raja Ali Haji, Raja Ibrahim, and Salamah Binti Ambar and a descendant of Encik Ismail bin Datuk Karkun, were found in the region. Their works among others are Tuhafat An-Nafis, Silsilah Melayu, dan Bugis, and Hikayat Negeri Johor. In Indonesia, the manuscripts are kept in the National Library of Indonesia in Jakarta and Indrasakti Foundation in Riau Island. Some manuscripts among others were found in the Leiden University Library and KITLV Library in Netherlands. The historiography is useful to explore the source of historical knowledge, especially in search for understanding the process in the formation of Malay ethnic group with plural identities in Indonesia. The aim is to find representation of pluralism in the past Malay literary history which has contributed and strengthened nationalism. In the study we use qualititative research and descriptive methods of analysis. The research has found that the Malay ethnic group in Indonesia derived from various ethnic groups that integrated and became a nation with pluralities. According to the myth, the Malay ethnic group came from the unity between the upper-world or the angelic world and the under-world depicted as the marriage between Putri Junjung Buih and a human being.
    [Show full text]
  • Shiva's Waterfront Temples
    Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Subhashini Kaligotla All rights reserved ABSTRACT Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla This dissertation examines Deccan India’s earliest surviving stone constructions, which were founded during the 6th through the 8th centuries and are known for their unparalleled formal eclecticism. Whereas past scholarship explains their heterogeneous formal character as an organic outcome of the Deccan’s “borderland” location between north India and south India, my study challenges the very conceptualization of the Deccan temple within a binary taxonomy that recognizes only northern and southern temple types. Rejecting the passivity implied by the borderland metaphor, I emphasize the role of human agents—particularly architects and makers—in establishing a dialectic between the north Indian and the south Indian architectural systems in the Deccan’s built worlds and built spaces. Secondly, by adopting the Deccan temple cluster as an analytical category in its own right, the present work contributes to the still developing field of landscape studies of the premodern Deccan. I read traditional art-historical evidence—the built environment, sculpture, and stone and copperplate inscriptions—alongside discursive treatments of landscape cultures and phenomenological and experiential perspectives. As a result, I am able to present hitherto unexamined aspects of the cluster’s spatial arrangement: the interrelationships between structures and the ways those relationships influence ritual and processional movements, as well as the symbolic, locative, and organizing role played by water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Digest of Other White House Announcements
    2414 Administration of William J. Clinton, 1994 Digest of Other In the evening, the President attended an White House Announcements APEC leaders dinner at the Jakarta Conven- tion Center. Following the dinner, he met with President Kim of South Korea and The following list includes the President's public Prime Minister Murayama of Japan. schedule and other items of general interest an- The President announced his intention to nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and appoint Bonnie Prouty Castrey and Mary not included elsewhere in this issue. Jacksteit to the Federal Service Impasses Panel. 1 November 10 The President announced his intention to The President announced his intention to appoint Benjamin F. Montoya and Richard appoint David H. Swinton, Adele Simmons, H. Truly as members of the Board of Visitors Bobby Charles Simpson, and Chang-Lin of the U.S. Naval Academy. Tien to the National Commission for Em- ployment Policy. November 15 November 11 In the morning, the President went to In the morning, the President and Hillary Bogor, Indonesia, where he attended meet- Clinton traveled to Anchorage, AK. In the ings with APEC leaders at the Istana Bogor. evening, they traveled to Manila, Philippines. Following a luncheon in the afternoon, the November 12 President continued his meetings with APEC In the evening, the President and Hillary leaders at the Istana Bogor. Clinton arrived in Manila, Philippines. November 16 November 13 In the morning, the President met with In the morning, following an arrival cere- President Soeharto of Indonesia at the Istana mony at the Malacanang Palace, the Presi- Merdeka and then participated in a wreath- dent and Hillary Clinton participated in a laying ceremony at the Kalibata National He- wreath-laying ceremony at the Rizal Monu- roes Cemetery.
    [Show full text]
  • And Bugis) in the Riau Islands
    ISSN 0219-3213 2018 no. 12 Trends in Southeast Asia LIVING ON THE EDGE: BEING MALAY (AND BUGIS) IN THE RIAU ISLANDS ANDREW M. CARRUTHERS TRS12/18s ISBN 978-981-4818-61-2 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 789814 818612 Trends in Southeast Asia 18-J04027 01 Trends_2018-12.indd 1 19/6/18 8:05 AM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security, and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is also home to the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre (NSC) and the Singapore APEC Study Centre. ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 18-J04027 01 Trends_2018-12.indd 2 19/6/18 8:05 AM 2018 no. 12 Trends in Southeast Asia LIVING ON THE EDGE: BEING MALAY (AND BUGIS) IN THE RIAU ISLANDS ANDREW M. CARRUTHERS 18-J04027 01 Trends_2018-12.indd 3 19/6/18 8:05 AM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2018 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Al-Itqān Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies
    AL-ITQĀN JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC SCIENCES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES Volume No. 2 Issue No. 2 June 2018 EDITOR IN-CHIEF Dr. Wan Mohd Azam Mohd Amin MANAGING EDITOR Dr. Masitoh Ahmad EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. Muhammad Afifi al-Akiti, Oxford Dr. Muhammad Kamal Hassan, IIUM Dr. Syed Arabi Aidid, IIUM. Dr. Hassan Basri Mat Dahan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Dr. Kamaruzaman Yusuff, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Semarahan, Kucing. Dr. Kamar Oniah, IIUM. Dr. Mumtaz Ali, IIUM. Dr. Siti Akmar, Universiti Institut Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Dr. Thameem Ushama, IIUM. INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Muhammad Afifi al-Akiti, Oxford University, UK Dr. Abdullah M. al-Syarqawi, Cairo University, Egypt. Dr. Abdul Kabir Hussain Solihu, Kwara State University, Nigeria. Dr. Anis Ahmad, Riphah International University, Islamabad. Dr. ASM Shihabuddin, Uttara University, Dhakka, Bangladesh. Dr. Fatimah Abdullah, Sabahattin Zaim University,Turkey. Dr. Ibrahim M. Zein, Qatar Foundation, Qatar. Dr. Khalid Yahya, Temple University, USA. © 2017 IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. eISSN:26008432 Correspondence Managing Editor, Al-Itqān Research Management Centre, RMC International Islamic University Malaysia P.O Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: +603 6196 5558 Website: http://journals.iium.edu.my/al-itqan/index.php/alitqan/index Email: [email protected] Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6196-5014, Fax: (+603)
    [Show full text]
  • The Adoption of Industrialised Building System (IBS) Construction in Malaysia: the History, Policies, Experiences and Lesson Learned
    The adoption of Industrialised Building System (IBS) construction in Malaysia: The history, policies, experiences and lesson learned Mohd Idrus Din, Noraini Bahri, Mohd Azmi Dzulkifly, Mohd Rizal Norman, Kamarul Anuar Mohamad Kamar *, and Zuhairi Abd Hamid Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia * Corresponding author ([email protected]) Purpose Industry and government in Malaysia coined the term industrialised building system (IBS) to describe the adoption of construction industrialisation, mechanisation, and the use of prefabrication of components in building construction. IBS consists of precast component systems, fabricated steel structures, innovative mould systems, modular block systems, and prefabricated timber structures as construction components. Parts of the building that are repetitive but difficult – and too time consuming and labour intensive to be casted onsite – are designed and detailed as standardised components at the factory and are then brought to the site to be assembled. The construction industry in Malaysia has started to embrace IBS as a method of attaining better construction quality and productivity, reducing risks related to occupational safety and health, alleviating issues for skilled workers and dependency on manual foreign labour, and achieving the ultimate goal of reducing the overall cost of construction. The chronology of IBS-adoption in Malaysia goes back a long way, reaching back to the 1960s, when precast elements were adopted in the building industry to address the problem of an acute housing shortage. However, the introduction of IBS was never sustained beyond this period. As a result of the failure of early closed-fabricated systems, the industry is now avoiding changing its construction method to IBS. Some of the foreign systems that were introduced during the late 1960s and 1970s were also found to be unsuitable in Malaysia’s climate and not very compatible with social practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Libraries in West Malaysia and Singapore; a Short History
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 059 722 LI 003 461 AUTHOR Tee Edward Lim Huck TITLE Lib aries in West Malaysia and Slngap- e; A Sh History. INSTITUTION Malaya Univ., Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). PUB DATE 70 NOTE 169p.;(210 References) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Foreign Countries; History; *Libraries; Library Planning; *Library Services; Library Surveys IDENTIFIERS *Library Development; Singapore; West Malaysia ABSTRACT An attempt is made to trace the history of every major library in Malay and Singapore. Social and recreational club libraries are not included, and school libraries are not extensively covered. Although it is possible to trace the history of Malaysia's libraries back to the first millenium of the Christian era, there are few written records pre-dating World War II. The lack of documentation on the early periods of library history creates an emphasis on developments in the modern period. This is not out of order since it is only recently that libraries in West Malaysia and Singapore have been recognized as one of the important media of mass education. Lack of funds, failure to recognize the importance of libraries, and problems caused by the federal structure of gc,vernment are blamed for this delay in development. Hinderances to future development are the lack of trained librarians, problems of having to provide material in several different languages, and the lack of national bibliographies, union catalogs and lists of serials. (SJ) (NJ (NJ LIBR ARIES IN WEST MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE f=t a short history Edward Lirn Huck Tee B.A.HONS (MALAYA), F.L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Kajian Struktur Ragam Hias Ukiran Tradisional Minangkabau Pada
    Versi online: JURNAL TITIK IMAJI http://journal.ubm.ac.id/index.php/titik-imaji/ Volume 1 Nomor 1: 54-67, Maret 2018 Hasil Penelitian p-ISSN: 2620-4940 KAJIAN STRUKTUR RAGAM HIAS UKIRAN TRADISIONAL MINANGKABAU PADA ISTANO BASA PAGARUYUNG [Study of traditional decoration structure of Minangkabau traditional carving on Istano Basa Pagaruyung] Khairuzzaky1* 1Program Studi Desain Komunikasi Visual, Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jl. Lodan Raya No. 2 Ancol, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia Diterima: 15 Febuari 2018/Disetujui: 21 Maret 2018 ABSTRACT Preserving cultural heritage is a cultural fortress attempt against the negative external cultural influences that are so rapidly coming as a result of the current global communications flows that are engulfing the world. One form of material cultural heritage is the various "Minangkabau Traditional Decorative Variety" in Rumah Gadang in West Sumatra whose motifs reflect the noble values of the nation. One of the historical heritage buildings of Indonesia that uses Minangkabau traditional carving is Baso Pagaruyung Palace in Batusangkar, West Sumatra. With the process of making expensive carvings into one of the factors causing this culture has started many abandoned. So it needs to be made a study that discusses the variety of ornamental Minangkabau carving into a written scientific work in order to be known by the public to understand the meaning, structure and philosophy. Using descriptive qualitative research method with interactive analysis, consist of three component of analysis that is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the study explain the structure of the compensation and symbolic meaning of each pattern of carving motifs used in the five sections within the Baso Pagaruyung Palace ie the roundabout, the door, the ventilation, the ceiling, and the palace foot.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Orang Asli and Melayu Relations
    1 Orang Asli and Melayu Relations: A Cross-Border Perspective (paper presented to the Second International Symposium of Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, Padang, July 18-21, 2001) By Leonard Y. Andaya In present-day Malaysia the dominant ethnicity is the Melayu (Malay), followed numerically by the Chinese and the Indians. A very small percentage comprises a group of separate ethnicities that have been clustered together by a Malaysian government statute of 1960 under the generalized name of Orang Asli (the Original People). Among the “Orang Asli” themselves, however, they apply names usually associated with their specific area or by the generalized name meaning “human being”. In the literature the Orang Asli are divided into three groups: The Semang or Negrito, the Senoi, and the Orang Asli Melayu.1 Among the “Orang Asli”, however, the major distinction is between themselves and the outside world, and they would very likely second the sentiments of the Orang Asli and Orang Laut (Sea People) in Johor who regard themselves as “leaves of the same tree”.2 Today the Semang live in the coastal foothills and inland river valleys of Perak, interior Pahang, and Ulu (upriver) Kelantan, and rarely occupy lands above 1000 meters in elevation. But in the early twentieth century, Schebesta commented that the areas regarded as Negrito country included lands from Chaiya and Ulu Patani (Singora and Patthalung) to Kedah and to mid-Perak and northern Pahang.3 Most now live on the fringes rather than in the deep jungle itself, and maintain links with Malay farmers and Chinese shopkeepers. In the past they appear to have also frequented the coasts.
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Styles of Malaysian Mosque: Suitability in Compact Urban Settings
    MATEC Web of Conferences 266, 06001 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/2019 26606001 IConBEE2018 Architectural Styles of Malaysian Mosque: Suitability In Compact Urban Settings Nayeem Asif1,*, Nangkula Utaberta1 and Arman Sarram1 1Universiti Putra Malaysia Abstract. The concept of urban mosque stems from more extensive reasons that mostly come from the overall issues of industrialization. Considering the challenges related to rapid urban growth, public institutions, such as mosque and its compatibility is required to be assessed in the context of compact cities. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the planning and layout of six different styles of mosque in Malaysia regarding their suitability in compact urban settings. Due to its genre, the study adopts a case study as a qualitative research strategy as its research method. Content analysis is conducted on the compiled literature to indicate the expected outcome. Following a brief comparative discussion, this paper shows that mosque with modern architectural style among all six typologies is most suitable in the context of compact urban settings. Factors considered for the evaluation of mosques include layout progression of the mosque whether horizontal or vertical, provision for vertical stacking of spaces, symmetry in topology as well as in elevation and space types regarding flexible usage. The scope of this paper is limited to the assessment of literature only, which opens the window for a further in-depth study of actual case studies related to this topic. 1 Introduction solving social problems and develop a more integrated community[5] Mosque acts as the most significant institution for the Modern society issues are varied and complex; urban Muslims as a nucleus of a globally united community.
    [Show full text]
  • Title the Chams and the Malay World Author(S) NISHIO, Kanji Citation
    Title The Chams and the Malay World Author(s) NISHIO, Kanji CIAS discussion paper No.3 : Islam at the Margins: The Citation Muslims of Indochina (2008), 3: 86-93 Issue Date 2008-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/228399 Right © Center for Integrated Area Studies (CIAS), Kyoto University Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University The Chams and the Malay World Kanji NISHIO National Defense Academy, Japan Abstract There has been a lot of interest on the Malay world in the recent years but there is still a lack of conceptual clarity as to what the term really means. This has fueled an interesting debate as to how it should be conceptualized and approached. In Japan, although different approaches have been attempted, the Southeast Asian maritime world perspective seems to be prevalent. This paper will try to examine the link between the Malay world and Indochina from the viewpoint of commercial activ- ities. The first section will discuss the role of the Chams in the early modern Malay World. I would like to assess the profile of the Chams in this period. The second section of the paper will, in contrast, examine the activities of the Malays in Champa and Cambodia. In the final section, I would like to highlight some information on the Chams in contemporary Malaysia based on my preliminary sur- vey, which seems to suggest a recurring theme in the history of the Malay world. Introduction Over the past few decades, scholarly concern with the Malay world has been growing. For Malay scholars in Malaysia, the Malay world is undoubtedly one of the most important subjects of study.
    [Show full text]