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Contemporary Popular Beliefs in Japan
Hugvísindasvið Contemporary popular beliefs in Japan Ritgerð til B.A.-prófs Lára Ósk Hafbergsdóttir September 2010 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindadeild Japanskt mál og menning Contemporary popular beliefs in Japan Ritgerð til B.A.-prófs Lára Ósk Hafbergsdóttir Kt.: 130784-3219 Leiðbeinandi: Gunnella Þorgeirsdóttir September 2010 Abstract This thesis discusses contemporary popular beliefs in Japan. It asks the questions what superstitions are generally known to Japanese people and if they have any affects on their behavior and daily lives. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The introduction examines what is normally considered to be superstitious beliefs as well as Japanese superstition in general. The second chapter handles the methodology of the survey written and distributed by the author. Third chapter is on the background research and analysis which is divided into smaller chapters each covering different categories of superstitions that can be found in Japan. Superstitions related to childhood, death and funerals, lucky charms like omamori and maneki neko and various lucky days and years especially yakudoshi and hinoeuma are closely examined. The fourth and last chapter contains the conclusion and discussion which covers briefly the results of the survey and what other things might be of interest to investigate further. Table of contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 What is superstition? ............................................................................................... -
HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
Childbearing in Japanese Society: Traditional Beliefs and Contemporary Practices
Childbearing in Japanese Society: Traditional Beliefs and Contemporary Practices by Gunnella Thorgeirsdottir A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Social Sciences School of East Asian Studies August 2014 ii iii iv Abstract In recent years there has been an oft-held assumption as to the decline of traditions as well as folk belief amidst the technological modern age. The current thesis seeks to bring to light the various rituals, traditions and beliefs surrounding pregnancy in Japanese society, arguing that, although changed, they are still very much alive and a large part of the pregnancy experience. Current perception and ideas were gathered through a series of in depth interviews with 31 Japanese females of varying ages and socio-cultural backgrounds. These current perceptions were then compared to and contrasted with historical data of a folkloristic nature, seeking to highlight developments and seek out continuities. This was done within the theoretical framework of the liminal nature of that which is betwixt and between as set forth by Victor Turner, as well as theories set forth by Mary Douglas and her ideas of the polluting element of the liminal. It quickly became obvious that the beliefs were still strong having though developed from a person-to- person communication and into a set of knowledge aquired by the mother largely from books, magazines and or offline. v vi Acknowledgements This thesis would never have been written had it not been for the endless assistance, patience and good will of a good number of people. -
A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first. -
Talismans and Amulets in the Japanese Collection1
ANNALS OF THE NÁPRSTEK MUSEUM 35/1 • 2014 • (p. 39–68) TALISMANS AND AMULETS IN THE JAPANESE COLLECTION1 Alice Kraemerová2 ABSTRACT: This article describes all types of amulets and talismans present in the Náprstek Museum Japanese collection and uncovers their symbolic meaning. These are mostly talismans from shrines and temples dating to the beginning of the 20th century, traditional hand-crafted items from famous places of pilgrimage and toys used as talismans. KEY WORDS: Japan – Buddhist temple – Shintǀ shrine – shamanism – talisman – amulet– ofuda – ema – omamori – collecting – Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures (Prague) 1. Defining terminology Amulet is considered to have protective or otherwise salutary effects while talisman primarily attracts fortune. Various authors describe different classifications of amulets and talismans according to their functional principles: homeopathic principle, contact principle, the principle of the magic of the written word, principle of colour magic, the principle of magic substances, the principle of the personifies higher power and the combinatorial principle (Nuska 2012). In this article we shall not use this division as for such a detailed analysis it would be necessary to acknowledge all types of amulets and talismans, not just those collected by the Czech travellers and brought into the NpM collections. Most of the available literature deals with the European view on amulets and talismans; the furthest it gets is the Near East. The Far East is usually not that well mapped due to the geographical distance and the language barrier. For the Japanese talismans, there are several often used terms: mayoke (㨱 㝖ࡅ) or yakuyoke (གྷ㝖ࡅ), omamori (࠾Ᏺࡾ) and ofuda (ᚚᮐ) or gofu (ㆤ➢). -
O-Shogatsu Teaching Resources
Five College Center for East Asian Studies O-Shogatsu: Japanese New Year Traditions Explained Curriculum Resources Erika Guckenberger, Seventh Grade Social Studies Teacher McCall Middle School Winchester, Massachusetts These resources and lesson plan suggestions were assembled to accompany the FCCEAS webinar on O-Shogatsu (Japanese New Year). Depending on the level and age of the students you teach, you may find some ideas and materials more relevant to your teaching than others. Please use your imagination to adapt these ideas as necessary to fit your needs. Celebrate the New Year in your classroom the Japanese way! Of course, you should begin by engaging your students’ help to give the classroom a thorough cleaning from top to bottom (oosooji in Japanese). Then you can choose among these traditional O-Shogatsu preparations and festivities: Decorate your classroom with Kadomatsu. Directions can be found online for making a traditional kadomatsu, including bamboo, pine and plum branches. If this is too ambitious, try this YouTube tutorial instead, which provides directions for making origami kadomatsu. Set goals for the new year by making Daruma dolls. Daruma dolls are traditionally bought and painted during O-Shogatsu,, as a way of focusing one’s attention on goals to be achieved in the new year. At the time the goal is set, one eye of the doll is painted; the other is left unpainted until the goal is achieved. Oberlin’s Allen Memorial Art Museum has posted a lesson plan for teaching about the daruma tradition and making daruma dolls with students. The lesson plan includes directions for both paper and “model magic” versions. -
01.04.20 New Year Accessories
New Year Accessories Phone Orders Welcome. Reach us at (808)286-9964 or [email protected] We do Shipping. Free Expert Packing. Made in Japan. Prices Subject to Change. The holiday season in Hawaii is about eating Thanksgiving turkey with friends and family, opening gifts from Santa Claus during Christmas and popping long strings of firecrackers on New Year’s Eve. But in Japan, no other occasion in the year has as much major significance as New Year’s Day. The New Year festivity in Japan called oshogatsu starts in the last few days of December until the first week in January, when schools and businesses are closed and many people return home to spend time with their families. Company President Robert Iida says that time is spent tying up loose ends, clearing out the old and beginning the new year on the right foot. Otoshidama-bukuro or New Year money envelopes, wooden offering tables called sanbo for mochi decoration and kine or wooden mallets to pound mochi are a few of the accessories Iida’s sells to usher Japan’s biggest celebration of the year. Much hard work and cooking preparation are involved in the days leading up to New Year’s Day, Iida said. Homes are well-kept to welcome “Toshigami-sama,” the Year God who brings abundance, good health and happiness to each family. After the house is cleaned, families hang shimenawa made of straw rope and place bamboo arrangements called kadomatsu at their front doorstep to welcome ancestral spirits and ward off evil. A favorite activity is mochi pounding. -
Thesis Title: Shimenawa: Weaving Traditions with Modernity – Interdisciplinary Research on the Cultural History of Japanese Sacred Rope
Thesis Title: Shimenawa: Weaving Traditions with Modernity – Interdisciplinary Research on the Cultural History of Japanese Sacred Rope Shan Zeng, Class of 2019 I have not received or given unauthorized assistance. 1 Acknowledgements I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my advisors Professor Morrison and Professor Laursen, as well as Professor Sassin and Professor Garrison, without whose support this project would not have come to fruition. I also want to thank my Japanese instructors Hayasaka sensei, Takahashi sensei, and Cavanaugh sensei, whose exceptional language classes gave me the courage and competence to conduct fieldwork in Japanese. My thanks go to Professor Milutin for patiently sifting through emaki and ancient Japanese poems with me and to Professor Ortegren for sharing her experiences on ethnographic fieldwork. I would also like to thank my first-year advisor Professor Sheridan, and all the other faculty and staff from the Middlebury Department of Religion and Department of History of Art and Architecture for their valuable feedback and support. I extend my special thanks to the following people, who not only graciously accepted my interviews but showed me the incredible hospitality, kindness and patience of the Japanese people: Orihashi san and her fellow colleagues at Nawawaseya, Shiga san and his family, Nagata san of Izumo Oyashiro, Nasu san and his colleagues at Oshimenawa Sousakukan, Matsumoto San, Yamagawa san and his father at Kyoto, Koimizu san, Takashi san, Kubishiro and his workshop, and Oda san. My appreciation goes to all the other people who have helped me one way or another during my stay in Japan, from providing me food and shelter to helping me find my lost camera. -
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan Second Series by Lafcadio Hearn
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan Second Series by Lafcadio Hearn CONTENTS 1 IN A JAPANESE GARDEN …........................................P3 2 THE HOUSEHOLD SHRINE ….....................................P23 3 OF WOMEN'S HAIR …................................................P36 4 FROM THE DIARY OF AN ENGLISH TEACHER …..........P43 5 TWO STRANGE FESTIVALS …....................................P73 6 BY THE JAPANESE SEA …..........................................P79 7 OF A DANCING-GIRL …..............................................P89 8 FROM HOKI TO OKI …................................................P102 9 OF SOULS ….............................................................P137 10 OF GHOSTS AND GOBLINS …...................................P142 11 THE JAPANESE SMILE …..........................................P152 12 SAYONARA! …........................................................P165 NOTES …....................................................................P170 CHAPTERONE In a Japanese Garden Sec. 1 MY little two-story house by the Ohashigawa, although dainty as a bird- cage, proved much too small for comfort at the approach of the hot season—the rooms being scarcely higher than steamship cabins, and so narrow that an ordinary mosquito-net could not be suspended in them. I was sorry to lose the beautiful lake view, but I found it necessary to remove to the northern quarter of the city, into a very quiet Street behind the mouldering castle. My new home is a katchiu-yashiki, the ancient residence of some samurai of high rank. It is shut off from the street, or rather roadway, skirting the castle moat by a long, high wall coped with tiles. One ascends to the gateway, which is almost as large as that of a temple court, by a low broad flight of stone steps; and projecting from the wall, to the right of the gate, is a look-out window, heavily barred, like a big wooden cage. Thence, in feudal days, armed retainers kept keen watch on all who passed by—invisible watch, for the bars are set so closely that a face behind them cannot be seen from the roadway. -
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REVIEW OF REVIEWS Minkan Densho (Folklore) V o l.X V (1951),N o . 1 Oto Tokihiko : The Bearers of Folkcustoms (大 藤 時 彥 : 民俗の主體 性 ).一 The author raises the question of how the Japanese folkcustoms were formed and finds that already in very early times many customs were adopted from the Chinese civilization together with other cultural elements and that quite a few are still recognizable as such by their Chinese names. Handa \ asuo : The Shrine Associations {miya^a) of Kunito Penin sula (半田安夫:國東半島の宮座).一 In the hamlet of Iwakura, Kunito iJistrict,上mimura,the clan members be longing to the Hachiman shrine, comprising about 250 families, are divided into 12 groups (kum i)y each of them takes over alternately the function of a toba for one year. Tobamoto, kayo, toju—From among a toba the tobamoto and the kayo are elected. Some villages have one kajo y others have two. in most cases a near relative is entrusted with the office of a tobamoto. The term kayo means litterally to go back and forth, to attend to ; and within the shrine association a kajo serves as a kind of courier or messenger. From among the toba men familiar with sake (rice-wine) brewing are chosen as toji. Report on the research work carried out by the Folklore Society in 1950. Tanno T a d a sh i: How the Various Gods are Worshipped at the Year-end (fl*野 正 :神々 の 年 取 b をめぐりて).一 Betore New Year is celebrated various ceremonies are performed in the 12th month. -
Native and Newcomer: Making and Remaking a Japanese City
Preferred Citation: Robertson, Jennifer. Native and Newcomer: Making and Remaking a Japanese City. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1991 1991. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2m3nb148/ Native and Newcomer Making and Remaking a Japanese City Jennifer Robertson UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1991 The Regents of the University of California For beloved Serena Your funeral pyre is getting cold but we will keep your words to chase the serpents coiled around our histories to dream new mythologies to light our common fire. Preferred Citation: Robertson, Jennifer. Native and Newcomer: Making and Remaking a Japanese City. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1991 1991. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2m3nb148/ For beloved Serena Your funeral pyre is getting cold but we will keep your words to chase the serpents coiled around our histories to dream new mythologies to light our common fire. ― xiii ― Preface The following is a brief sketch of the historical periods and institutions referred to in this book. The Edo (or Tokugawa) period, 1603–1868, was distinguished by an agrarian-based social and political order unified under a hereditary succession of generals (shogun) from the Tokugawa clan based in the capital city of Edo, whose ruling power was valorized by a hereditary succession of reigning emperors based in Kyoto. Bakufu was the term for the military government. A Confucian social hierarchy adapted from China divided the population into four unequal classes of people: samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants, in that order. Each class was further bifurcated by a patriarchal sex/gender hierarchy. There were several categories of "nonpeople" as well, including outcastes and itinerants. -
Perayaan Tahun Baru Di Jepang Nihon De No Oshougatsu
PERAYAAN TAHUN BARU DI JEPANG NIHON DE NO OSHOUGATSU Kertas Karya DISUSUN O L E H FRISKA RATZAN RIANA 132203066 PROGRAM STUDI D-III BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERAYAAN TAHUN BARU DI JEPANG NIHON DE NO OSHOUGATSU KERTAS KARYA Kertas karya ini diajukan kepada panitia ujian program pendidikan Non-Gelar Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat kelulusan Diploma III dalam bidang Bahasa Jepang. Dikerjakan OLEH: FRISKA RATZAN RIANA NIM:132203066 Pembimbing, Pembaca Zulnaidi, S.S., M.Hum Mhd. Pujiono, M.Hum., Ph.D NIP. 196708072004011001 NIP.196910112002121001 PROGRAM STUDI DIII BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 2 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Disetujui oleh : Program Diploma Sastra dan Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Program Studi DIII Bahasa Jepang Ketua Program Studi Zulnaidi S.S, M.Hum NIP. 196708072005011001 Medan, Juni 2016 3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN Diterima Oleh Panitia Ujian Program Pendidikan Non-Gelar Sastra Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat Diploma III dalam Bidang Studi Bahasa Jepang. Pada : Tanggal : Hari : Program Diploma Sastra Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Dekan, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. Nip 196008051987031001 Panitia Ujian : No. Nama 1. Zulnaidi, S.S, M.Hum. ( ) 2. Zulnaidi, S.S, M.Hum. ( ) 3. Mhd. Pujiono, M.Hum., Ph.D. ( ) 4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Pertama-tama saya panjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya, saya dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya yang berjudul PERAYAAN TAHUN BARU DI JEPANG, sebagaimana syarat dalam menyelesaikan Pendidikan Program Study D-III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya dengan gelar Ahli Madya pada Universitas Sumatera Utara.