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Contemporary Popular Beliefs in Japan
Hugvísindasvið Contemporary popular beliefs in Japan Ritgerð til B.A.-prófs Lára Ósk Hafbergsdóttir September 2010 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindadeild Japanskt mál og menning Contemporary popular beliefs in Japan Ritgerð til B.A.-prófs Lára Ósk Hafbergsdóttir Kt.: 130784-3219 Leiðbeinandi: Gunnella Þorgeirsdóttir September 2010 Abstract This thesis discusses contemporary popular beliefs in Japan. It asks the questions what superstitions are generally known to Japanese people and if they have any affects on their behavior and daily lives. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The introduction examines what is normally considered to be superstitious beliefs as well as Japanese superstition in general. The second chapter handles the methodology of the survey written and distributed by the author. Third chapter is on the background research and analysis which is divided into smaller chapters each covering different categories of superstitions that can be found in Japan. Superstitions related to childhood, death and funerals, lucky charms like omamori and maneki neko and various lucky days and years especially yakudoshi and hinoeuma are closely examined. The fourth and last chapter contains the conclusion and discussion which covers briefly the results of the survey and what other things might be of interest to investigate further. Table of contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 What is superstition? ............................................................................................... -
HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
Feature-Neujahr
10 Feature I Das Neujahrsfest in Japan Einleitung Das wichtigste Jahresfest Japans ist das Neujahrsfest. In Japan galt ursprünglich der Mondkalender, dessen Monate von Vollmond zu Vollmond 29,53 Tage dauerten. Der zugleich als Frühlingsanfang gefeierte Neujahrstag lag damals auf dem etwa 4-6 Wochen nach unserem heutigen Jahresbeginn liegenden ersten Vollmondtag des neuen Mondjahres. Als der japanische Kaiserhof 604 n. Chr. aus China den Mond- Sonnen-Kalender übernahm, verlegte er den Jahresbeginn auf den Neumondtag. Da der tatsächliche Frühlingsbeginn in Japan, wo im Februar u.a. schon die Pflaumen blühen, jedoch näher an dem alten Vollmond-Neujahrstermin liegt, beschränkten sich die Neujahrsfeiern am ersten Neumondtag anfangs auf den Kaiserhof und Hofadel. Das Volk hielt lange seinem durch den neuen Kalender auf den 15.1. ge- rutschten „Vollmond-Neujahrstag“ die Treue und ging erst allmählich dazu über, zu- sätzlich auch das von der Obrigkeit propagierte, an Neumond liegende neue Neujahr zu feiern. So kam es, dass sich die regional z.T. mit sehr unterschiedlichen Ritualen und Bräuchen begangene Neujahrszeit bald vom 1.1. bis zum 16.1. (Mondsonnen- Monat) erstreckte. Die Tage vom 1. bis zum 3.1. (mancherorts auch bis zum 5., 7., oder 14.1) werden als Großes Neujahr (ō-shōgatsu) und die Tage um den 15.1. (meist der 14. bis 16.1.) als Kleines Neujahr (ko-shōgatsu) bezeichnet. Seit der Einführung des gregorianischen Kalenders 1872 in Japan wird Neujahr fast überall zwischen dem 1. und 16. Januar gefeiert. Nur sehr wenige Gemeinden voll- ziehen zusätzlich zum modernen Neujahr heute noch einige Neujahrsriten an den traditionellen Terminen des Mond-Sonnen-Kalenders. -
Childbearing in Japanese Society: Traditional Beliefs and Contemporary Practices
Childbearing in Japanese Society: Traditional Beliefs and Contemporary Practices by Gunnella Thorgeirsdottir A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Social Sciences School of East Asian Studies August 2014 ii iii iv Abstract In recent years there has been an oft-held assumption as to the decline of traditions as well as folk belief amidst the technological modern age. The current thesis seeks to bring to light the various rituals, traditions and beliefs surrounding pregnancy in Japanese society, arguing that, although changed, they are still very much alive and a large part of the pregnancy experience. Current perception and ideas were gathered through a series of in depth interviews with 31 Japanese females of varying ages and socio-cultural backgrounds. These current perceptions were then compared to and contrasted with historical data of a folkloristic nature, seeking to highlight developments and seek out continuities. This was done within the theoretical framework of the liminal nature of that which is betwixt and between as set forth by Victor Turner, as well as theories set forth by Mary Douglas and her ideas of the polluting element of the liminal. It quickly became obvious that the beliefs were still strong having though developed from a person-to- person communication and into a set of knowledge aquired by the mother largely from books, magazines and or offline. v vi Acknowledgements This thesis would never have been written had it not been for the endless assistance, patience and good will of a good number of people. -
A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first. -
Talismans and Amulets in the Japanese Collection1
ANNALS OF THE NÁPRSTEK MUSEUM 35/1 • 2014 • (p. 39–68) TALISMANS AND AMULETS IN THE JAPANESE COLLECTION1 Alice Kraemerová2 ABSTRACT: This article describes all types of amulets and talismans present in the Náprstek Museum Japanese collection and uncovers their symbolic meaning. These are mostly talismans from shrines and temples dating to the beginning of the 20th century, traditional hand-crafted items from famous places of pilgrimage and toys used as talismans. KEY WORDS: Japan – Buddhist temple – Shintǀ shrine – shamanism – talisman – amulet– ofuda – ema – omamori – collecting – Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures (Prague) 1. Defining terminology Amulet is considered to have protective or otherwise salutary effects while talisman primarily attracts fortune. Various authors describe different classifications of amulets and talismans according to their functional principles: homeopathic principle, contact principle, the principle of the magic of the written word, principle of colour magic, the principle of magic substances, the principle of the personifies higher power and the combinatorial principle (Nuska 2012). In this article we shall not use this division as for such a detailed analysis it would be necessary to acknowledge all types of amulets and talismans, not just those collected by the Czech travellers and brought into the NpM collections. Most of the available literature deals with the European view on amulets and talismans; the furthest it gets is the Near East. The Far East is usually not that well mapped due to the geographical distance and the language barrier. For the Japanese talismans, there are several often used terms: mayoke (㨱 㝖ࡅ) or yakuyoke (གྷ㝖ࡅ), omamori (࠾Ᏺࡾ) and ofuda (ᚚᮐ) or gofu (ㆤ➢). -
Masterarbeit
MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit „Mythology, Ritual and Female Empowerment: A Comparative Study of Shamanism in Korea and Japan“ Verfasser Jürgen Ritzmann, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 864 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Masterstudium Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ostasiens Betreuer: Dr. Bernhard Scheid Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Shamanism in Northern and Central Asia, according to Eliade ........................................................ 4 1.2 Receiving a Vocation and Training ................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Tasks and Functions .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Trance and Possession, Lewis’ Concept of Shamanism.................................................................... 9 1.5 Relationship between Shamans and Spirits ..................................................................................... 13 1.6 Concepts of Shamanism in Japan and Korea .................................................................................. 14 1.7 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2 Korean Shamanism............................................................................................................................ -
O-Shogatsu Teaching Resources
Five College Center for East Asian Studies O-Shogatsu: Japanese New Year Traditions Explained Curriculum Resources Erika Guckenberger, Seventh Grade Social Studies Teacher McCall Middle School Winchester, Massachusetts These resources and lesson plan suggestions were assembled to accompany the FCCEAS webinar on O-Shogatsu (Japanese New Year). Depending on the level and age of the students you teach, you may find some ideas and materials more relevant to your teaching than others. Please use your imagination to adapt these ideas as necessary to fit your needs. Celebrate the New Year in your classroom the Japanese way! Of course, you should begin by engaging your students’ help to give the classroom a thorough cleaning from top to bottom (oosooji in Japanese). Then you can choose among these traditional O-Shogatsu preparations and festivities: Decorate your classroom with Kadomatsu. Directions can be found online for making a traditional kadomatsu, including bamboo, pine and plum branches. If this is too ambitious, try this YouTube tutorial instead, which provides directions for making origami kadomatsu. Set goals for the new year by making Daruma dolls. Daruma dolls are traditionally bought and painted during O-Shogatsu,, as a way of focusing one’s attention on goals to be achieved in the new year. At the time the goal is set, one eye of the doll is painted; the other is left unpainted until the goal is achieved. Oberlin’s Allen Memorial Art Museum has posted a lesson plan for teaching about the daruma tradition and making daruma dolls with students. The lesson plan includes directions for both paper and “model magic” versions. -
01.04.20 New Year Accessories
New Year Accessories Phone Orders Welcome. Reach us at (808)286-9964 or [email protected] We do Shipping. Free Expert Packing. Made in Japan. Prices Subject to Change. The holiday season in Hawaii is about eating Thanksgiving turkey with friends and family, opening gifts from Santa Claus during Christmas and popping long strings of firecrackers on New Year’s Eve. But in Japan, no other occasion in the year has as much major significance as New Year’s Day. The New Year festivity in Japan called oshogatsu starts in the last few days of December until the first week in January, when schools and businesses are closed and many people return home to spend time with their families. Company President Robert Iida says that time is spent tying up loose ends, clearing out the old and beginning the new year on the right foot. Otoshidama-bukuro or New Year money envelopes, wooden offering tables called sanbo for mochi decoration and kine or wooden mallets to pound mochi are a few of the accessories Iida’s sells to usher Japan’s biggest celebration of the year. Much hard work and cooking preparation are involved in the days leading up to New Year’s Day, Iida said. Homes are well-kept to welcome “Toshigami-sama,” the Year God who brings abundance, good health and happiness to each family. After the house is cleaned, families hang shimenawa made of straw rope and place bamboo arrangements called kadomatsu at their front doorstep to welcome ancestral spirits and ward off evil. A favorite activity is mochi pounding. -
Thesis Title: Shimenawa: Weaving Traditions with Modernity – Interdisciplinary Research on the Cultural History of Japanese Sacred Rope
Thesis Title: Shimenawa: Weaving Traditions with Modernity – Interdisciplinary Research on the Cultural History of Japanese Sacred Rope Shan Zeng, Class of 2019 I have not received or given unauthorized assistance. 1 Acknowledgements I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my advisors Professor Morrison and Professor Laursen, as well as Professor Sassin and Professor Garrison, without whose support this project would not have come to fruition. I also want to thank my Japanese instructors Hayasaka sensei, Takahashi sensei, and Cavanaugh sensei, whose exceptional language classes gave me the courage and competence to conduct fieldwork in Japanese. My thanks go to Professor Milutin for patiently sifting through emaki and ancient Japanese poems with me and to Professor Ortegren for sharing her experiences on ethnographic fieldwork. I would also like to thank my first-year advisor Professor Sheridan, and all the other faculty and staff from the Middlebury Department of Religion and Department of History of Art and Architecture for their valuable feedback and support. I extend my special thanks to the following people, who not only graciously accepted my interviews but showed me the incredible hospitality, kindness and patience of the Japanese people: Orihashi san and her fellow colleagues at Nawawaseya, Shiga san and his family, Nagata san of Izumo Oyashiro, Nasu san and his colleagues at Oshimenawa Sousakukan, Matsumoto San, Yamagawa san and his father at Kyoto, Koimizu san, Takashi san, Kubishiro and his workshop, and Oda san. My appreciation goes to all the other people who have helped me one way or another during my stay in Japan, from providing me food and shelter to helping me find my lost camera. -
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan Second Series by Lafcadio Hearn
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan Second Series by Lafcadio Hearn CONTENTS 1 IN A JAPANESE GARDEN …........................................P3 2 THE HOUSEHOLD SHRINE ….....................................P23 3 OF WOMEN'S HAIR …................................................P36 4 FROM THE DIARY OF AN ENGLISH TEACHER …..........P43 5 TWO STRANGE FESTIVALS …....................................P73 6 BY THE JAPANESE SEA …..........................................P79 7 OF A DANCING-GIRL …..............................................P89 8 FROM HOKI TO OKI …................................................P102 9 OF SOULS ….............................................................P137 10 OF GHOSTS AND GOBLINS …...................................P142 11 THE JAPANESE SMILE …..........................................P152 12 SAYONARA! …........................................................P165 NOTES …....................................................................P170 CHAPTERONE In a Japanese Garden Sec. 1 MY little two-story house by the Ohashigawa, although dainty as a bird- cage, proved much too small for comfort at the approach of the hot season—the rooms being scarcely higher than steamship cabins, and so narrow that an ordinary mosquito-net could not be suspended in them. I was sorry to lose the beautiful lake view, but I found it necessary to remove to the northern quarter of the city, into a very quiet Street behind the mouldering castle. My new home is a katchiu-yashiki, the ancient residence of some samurai of high rank. It is shut off from the street, or rather roadway, skirting the castle moat by a long, high wall coped with tiles. One ascends to the gateway, which is almost as large as that of a temple court, by a low broad flight of stone steps; and projecting from the wall, to the right of the gate, is a look-out window, heavily barred, like a big wooden cage. Thence, in feudal days, armed retainers kept keen watch on all who passed by—invisible watch, for the bars are set so closely that a face behind them cannot be seen from the roadway. -
General Introduction
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2004 Male characters in the Japanese fairy tale : classification and analysis Petrova, Gergana Abstract: Diese Forschung untersucht die maennliche dramatis personae, die in Keigo Sekis Sammlung ”Nihon Mukashi-banashi Shusei” erscheinen. Die Forschung konzentriert sich auf maennlichen Figuren und andere Figuren mit maennlichen Funktionen (Protagonisten, Antagonisten und Nebenfiguren inklu- siv), die sich mit sich selbst, mit anderen maennlcihen oder weiblichen Figuren, Tieren oder uebernatuer- lichen Wesen konfrontieren. Die Forschung untersucht auch deren Benehmen in und ihre Interaktion mit der Maerchenumgebung in drei Gruppen - der Mann in der Familie, der Mann in der Gesellschaft und der Mann in der Natur. Als Methoden werden Literatur-analyse, Textstruktur-analyse, vergleichende Volk- skunde, Anthropologie, Gender Studies und Psychologie verwendet; Interpretationen von japanischer Kultur, sozio-historische Realitaet, Philosophie, Religion, Aesthetik und Volksglauben sind auch inbe- griffen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine einheitliche Klassifikation und eine vielseitige Interpretation der maennlichen Figuren und ist vorgesehen fuer eine grosse Leserschaft - von Spezialisten unterschiedlicher wissenschaflichen Richtungen, bus zum breiten Publikum. The present research offers a study ofmale dramatis personae appearing in the collection of Japanese ordinary tales ”Nihon Mukashi-banashi Shu- sei”, compiled by Keigo Seki in the years 1950 - 1958. Key interest is taken in male figures or other figures with male functions, be them protagonists, antagonists or bit players, in other words - on the character of ”man” defined by his masculine role and seen in conflict with himself, other male and female characters, animal figures and representatives of the supernatural; as well as his actions in and interaction withthe tale environment.