The Garden Path
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The Lesson of the Japanese House
Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XV 275 LEARNING FROM THE PAST: THE LESSON OF THE JAPANESE HOUSE EMILIA GARDA, MARIKA MANGOSIO & LUIGI PASTORE Politecnico di Torino, Italy ABSTRACT Thanks to the great spiritual value linked to it, the Japanese house is one of the oldest and most fascinating architectural constructs of the eastern world. The religion and the environment of this region have had a central role in the evolution of the domestic spaces and in the choice of materials used. The eastern architects have kept some canons of construction that modern designers still use. These models have been source of inspiration of the greatest minds of the architectural landscape of the 20th century. The following analysis tries to understand how such cultural bases have defined construction choices, carefully describing all the spaces that characterize the domestic environment. The Japanese culture concerning daily life at home is very different from ours in the west; there is a different collocation of the spiritual value assigned to some rooms in the hierarchy of project prioritization: within the eastern mindset one should guarantee the harmony of spaces that are able to satisfy the spiritual needs of everyone that lives in that house. The Japanese house is a new world: every space is evolving thanks to its versatility. Lights and shadows coexist as they mingle with nature, another factor in understanding the ideology of Japanese architects. In the following research, besides a detailed description of the central elements, incorporates where necessary a comparison with the western world of thought. All the influences will be analysed, with a particular view to the architectural features that have influenced the Modern Movement. -
Delft University of Technology Tatami
Delft University of Technology Tatami Hein, Carola Publication date 2016 Document Version Final published version Published in Kyoto Design Lab. Citation (APA) Hein, C. (2016). Tatami. In A. C. de Ridder (Ed.), Kyoto Design Lab.: The tangible and the intangible of the Machiya House (pp. 9-12). Delft University of Technology. Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. TATAMI Inside the Shōkin-tei, located in the garden of the Katsura Imperial Villa. A joint of three tatami. Tatami Carola Hein Use of the tatami mat reportedly goes back to the 8th century (the Nara period in Japan) when single mats began to be used as beds, or brought out for a high-ranking person to sit on. Over centuries it became a platform that has hosted all facets of life for generations of Japanese. From palaces to houses, from temples to spaces for martial art, the tatami has served as support element for life. -
Contemporary Popular Beliefs in Japan
Hugvísindasvið Contemporary popular beliefs in Japan Ritgerð til B.A.-prófs Lára Ósk Hafbergsdóttir September 2010 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindadeild Japanskt mál og menning Contemporary popular beliefs in Japan Ritgerð til B.A.-prófs Lára Ósk Hafbergsdóttir Kt.: 130784-3219 Leiðbeinandi: Gunnella Þorgeirsdóttir September 2010 Abstract This thesis discusses contemporary popular beliefs in Japan. It asks the questions what superstitions are generally known to Japanese people and if they have any affects on their behavior and daily lives. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The introduction examines what is normally considered to be superstitious beliefs as well as Japanese superstition in general. The second chapter handles the methodology of the survey written and distributed by the author. Third chapter is on the background research and analysis which is divided into smaller chapters each covering different categories of superstitions that can be found in Japan. Superstitions related to childhood, death and funerals, lucky charms like omamori and maneki neko and various lucky days and years especially yakudoshi and hinoeuma are closely examined. The fourth and last chapter contains the conclusion and discussion which covers briefly the results of the survey and what other things might be of interest to investigate further. Table of contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 What is superstition? ............................................................................................... -
HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
Japanese Gardens at American World’S Fairs, 1876–1940 Anthony Alofsin: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Aesthetics of Japan
A Publication of the Foundation for Landscape Studies A Journal of Place Volume ıv | Number ı | Fall 2008 Essays: The Long Life of the Japanese Garden 2 Paula Deitz: Plum Blossoms: The Third Friend of Winter Natsumi Nonaka: The Japanese Garden: The Art of Setting Stones Marc Peter Keane: Listening to Stones Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Tea and Sympathy: A Zen Approach to Landscape Gardening Kendall H. Brown: Fair Japan: Japanese Gardens at American World’s Fairs, 1876–1940 Anthony Alofsin: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Aesthetics of Japan Book Reviews 18 Joseph Disponzio: The Sun King’s Garden: Louis XIV, André Le Nôtre and the Creation of the Garden of Versailles By Ian Thompson Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Gardens: An Essay on the Human Condition By Robert Pogue Harrison Calendar 22 Tour 23 Contributors 23 Letter from the Editor times. Still observed is a Marc Peter Keane explains Japanese garden also became of interior and exterior. The deep-seated cultural tradi- how the Sakuteiki’s prescrip- an instrument of propagan- preeminent Wright scholar tion of plum-blossom view- tions regarding the setting of da in the hands of the coun- Anthony Alofsin maintains ing, which takes place at stones, together with the try’s imperial rulers at a in his essay that Wright was his issue of During the Heian period winter’s end. Paula Deitz Zen approach to garden succession of nineteenth- inspired as much by gardens Site/Lines focuses (794–1185), still inspired by writes about this third friend design absorbed during his and twentieth-century as by architecture during his on the aesthetics Chinese models, gardens of winter in her narrative of long residency in Japan, world’s fairs. -
Specially Designed Tatami Mats with Removable Sunken Hearth for IH Heater
Flooring Tatami for Tea Ceremony Specially designed Tatami Mats with Removable Sunken Hearth for IH heater Our newly developed tatami mats can transform your room into a beautiful tea ceremony room with our sunken hearth for IH heater. The thickness of tatami mats is the same as that of sunken hearth (14cm or 5.5 inch). As there is no difference in height between tatami mats and the frame of hearth, you can perform Otemae, or tea-ceremony just like a normal sunken hearth. You may think it is hard to have an authentic tea room, however, our flooring tatami mats make it possible for you to have full-scale tea practices and tea ceremonies even if you live in an apartment. Patent pending: No.2020-203707 ©2021 Motoyama Tatami Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 1 #01 Features of Removable Sunken Hearth for IH heater As there is no difference in level between our tatami mats and the sunken hearth, you don’t need to build a sunken hearth into the floor. Anyone can practice Chado (tea-ceremony) with Ro (sunken hearth) readily at home. You can practice Chado with Kyoma size tatami regardless of size of a room. Quality Chashitsume (64 weaves) is available. New lightweight materials offer you easy installation and removal work. Your legs are less likely to numb on these tatami mats. All lineups are produced by artisans and high-quality igusa (rush) from Kumamoto, Japan. The thickness (14cm or 5.5 inch) of tatami mats is the same as that of sunken hearth for IH. -
Feature-Neujahr
10 Feature I Das Neujahrsfest in Japan Einleitung Das wichtigste Jahresfest Japans ist das Neujahrsfest. In Japan galt ursprünglich der Mondkalender, dessen Monate von Vollmond zu Vollmond 29,53 Tage dauerten. Der zugleich als Frühlingsanfang gefeierte Neujahrstag lag damals auf dem etwa 4-6 Wochen nach unserem heutigen Jahresbeginn liegenden ersten Vollmondtag des neuen Mondjahres. Als der japanische Kaiserhof 604 n. Chr. aus China den Mond- Sonnen-Kalender übernahm, verlegte er den Jahresbeginn auf den Neumondtag. Da der tatsächliche Frühlingsbeginn in Japan, wo im Februar u.a. schon die Pflaumen blühen, jedoch näher an dem alten Vollmond-Neujahrstermin liegt, beschränkten sich die Neujahrsfeiern am ersten Neumondtag anfangs auf den Kaiserhof und Hofadel. Das Volk hielt lange seinem durch den neuen Kalender auf den 15.1. ge- rutschten „Vollmond-Neujahrstag“ die Treue und ging erst allmählich dazu über, zu- sätzlich auch das von der Obrigkeit propagierte, an Neumond liegende neue Neujahr zu feiern. So kam es, dass sich die regional z.T. mit sehr unterschiedlichen Ritualen und Bräuchen begangene Neujahrszeit bald vom 1.1. bis zum 16.1. (Mondsonnen- Monat) erstreckte. Die Tage vom 1. bis zum 3.1. (mancherorts auch bis zum 5., 7., oder 14.1) werden als Großes Neujahr (ō-shōgatsu) und die Tage um den 15.1. (meist der 14. bis 16.1.) als Kleines Neujahr (ko-shōgatsu) bezeichnet. Seit der Einführung des gregorianischen Kalenders 1872 in Japan wird Neujahr fast überall zwischen dem 1. und 16. Januar gefeiert. Nur sehr wenige Gemeinden voll- ziehen zusätzlich zum modernen Neujahr heute noch einige Neujahrsriten an den traditionellen Terminen des Mond-Sonnen-Kalenders. -
Childbearing in Japanese Society: Traditional Beliefs and Contemporary Practices
Childbearing in Japanese Society: Traditional Beliefs and Contemporary Practices by Gunnella Thorgeirsdottir A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Social Sciences School of East Asian Studies August 2014 ii iii iv Abstract In recent years there has been an oft-held assumption as to the decline of traditions as well as folk belief amidst the technological modern age. The current thesis seeks to bring to light the various rituals, traditions and beliefs surrounding pregnancy in Japanese society, arguing that, although changed, they are still very much alive and a large part of the pregnancy experience. Current perception and ideas were gathered through a series of in depth interviews with 31 Japanese females of varying ages and socio-cultural backgrounds. These current perceptions were then compared to and contrasted with historical data of a folkloristic nature, seeking to highlight developments and seek out continuities. This was done within the theoretical framework of the liminal nature of that which is betwixt and between as set forth by Victor Turner, as well as theories set forth by Mary Douglas and her ideas of the polluting element of the liminal. It quickly became obvious that the beliefs were still strong having though developed from a person-to- person communication and into a set of knowledge aquired by the mother largely from books, magazines and or offline. v vi Acknowledgements This thesis would never have been written had it not been for the endless assistance, patience and good will of a good number of people. -
Japón - Resumen 1
JAPÓN - RESUMEN 1 Consejos - Los españoles no necesitamos visado, solo un pasaporte en vigor y podremos permanecer en el país con el visado de turista durante 90 días. - Hay que descalzarse para entrar en muchos sitios. - Exageradamente puntuales. - No se puede fumar en la calle, pero sí en muchos restaurantes. - La mayoría de las tapas de alcantarillas de Japón ("manhoru") están decoradas con trabajos artísticos que reflejan el atractivo de la ciudad donde están, algún monumento, festival o sus costumbres. Cada vez hay más personas que coleccionan fotos de éste fenómeno. - Los coches no pueden aparcar en las aceras. Deben hacerlo en parkings o dentro de los edificios. - En los hoteles y apartamentos suelen dejar los paraguas gratis. - No hay papeleras por la calle, pero está todo muy limpio. - Baños: o Hay baños por todas partes y están todos (o casi) impecables. o NO tocar el botón rojo: es para llamadas de emergencia. A veces pone “SOS” pero otras solo pone kanji en japonés. o En los bares no suele haber servilletas y en los baños a veces no hay papel. - Las escuelas llevan a los niños a sitios turísticos donde poder practicar el inglés con los turistas. Te hacen preguntas muy básicas y no te entretienen mucho, después te piden si pueden escribirte por correo, te regalan una grulla de Origami y se hacen una foto contigo. - En las escaleras mecánicas y por la acera, ir siempre por la izquierda, para dejar la derecha libre a aquellos que quieran desplazarse más rápido. En los peldaños comunes, subir por donde indiquen las flechas, normalmente por la izquierda también. -
A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first. -
Tracing Japan's Traditional Design In
THINKING INSIDE THE BOX: TRACING JAPAN’S TRADITIONAL DESIGN IN MODERN JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE A DARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ARCHITECTURE DECEMBER 2016 By Matthew T. Kubota DArch Committee: Pu Miao, Chairperson William Chapman Elaine Wong Keywords: Modernism, Japan, Nature, Space, Materiality Dedications This dissertation is dedicated to my family for believing in me since day one. Through all the ups and downs, I cannot express in words how much it means to me for supporting me and being there when I needed help the most. Mom, Dad and Timmy, this is for you. i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my entire committee for their help along my academic journey through the D Arch program. Pu Miao, thank you for aiding me in my final semester of graduate school as well as serving as my chair. Professor William Chapman, thank you for believing in me since I first had you as a professor for an American Studies class; the help and support that you’ve given me has helped me grow as a student as well as learned more about myself along my academic journey. Elaine Wong, thank you for aiding me along the professional world as well as taking time out of your busy schedule to help me. Lastly, Clark Llewellyn, thank you for believing me and helping me accomplish so much during my time with you. Your help and guidance from the start served as an incredible foundation for which I built my work and research upon. -
The Abode of Fancy, of Vacancy, and of the Unsymmetrical
The University of Iceland School of Humanities Japanese Language and Culture The Abode of Fancy, of Vacancy, and of the Unsymmetrical How Shinto, Daoism, Confucianism, and Zen Buddhism Interplay in the Ritual Space of Japanese Tea Ceremony BA Essay in Japanese Language and Culture Francesca Di Berardino Id no.: 220584-3059 Supervisor: Gunnella Þorgeirsdóttir September 2018 Abstract Japanese tea ceremony extends beyond the mere act of tea drinking: it is also known as chadō, or “the Way of Tea”, as it is one of the artistic disciplines conceived as paths of religious awakening through lifelong effort. One of the elements that shaped its multifaceted identity through history is the evolution of the physical space where the ritual takes place. This essay approaches Japanese tea ceremony from a point of view that is architectural and anthropological rather than merely aesthetic, in order to trace the influence of Shinto, Confucianism, Daoism, and Zen Buddhism on both the architectural elements of the tea room and the different aspects of the ritual. The structure of the essay follows the structure of the space where the ritual itself is performed: the first chapter describes the tea garden where guests stop before entering the ritual space of the tea room; it also provides an overview of the history of tea in Japan. The second chapter figuratively enters the ritual space of the tea room, discussing how Shinto, Confucianism, Daoism, and Zen Buddhism merged into the architecture of the ritual space. Finally, the third chapter looks at the preparation room, presenting the interplay of the four cognitive systems within the ritual of making and serving tea.