ABSTRACT Impressionism: a Comparison of the Stylistic
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
"#$%&"'%! ! ()*+,--./0.-)1!"!'/)*2+.-/0!/3!45,!$467.-4.8!'52+284,+.-4.8-!/3!45,!! 9/:,),04!.0!9;-.8!20<!45,!=.-;27!"+4-! ! >.8/7,!"?!924456-! ! @.+,84/+1!@+?!'52+7/44,!9?!@20.,7! ! ! ! ! ()*+,--./0.-)!.-!2!A,77BC0/A0!4,+)!A5,0!.4!8/),-!4/!45,!:.-;27!2+4-D!20<!2!:,+6! .)*/+4204!)/:,),04!.0!45,!);-.8!A/+7<?!'/)*/-.4./027!4,850.E;,-!;-,<!<;+.0F!45,! ()*+,--./0.-4!)/:,),04!52<!+,:/7;4./02+6D!72-4.0F!.)*284-!/0!);-.8!-467,-!20<!*;+*/-,-D! G;-4!2-!45,!()*+,--./0.-4!*2.04.0F!-467,-!52<!72-4.0F!.)*284-!/0!45,!-;HG,84-!20<! 8/)*/-.4./0-!/3!3;4;+,!:.-;27!)2-4,+*.,8,-?!%5,!()*+,--./0.-4!)/:,),04!52-!27A26-! +,2776!<+2A0!),!4/!45,!2+4-B!H/45!:.-;27!20<!);-.827?!"<<.4./02776D!45,!)2.0!()*+,--./0.-4! 8/)*/-,+D!'72;<,!@,H;--6D!.-!2!*2+2)/;04!8/)*/-,+!3/+!37;4.-4-?!%5.-!*2*,+!8/)*2+,-! 20<!8/04+2-4-!45,!-467.-4.8!85/.8,-!852+284,+.-4.8!/3!()*+,--./0.-4!*2.04.0F-!20<! ()*+,--./0.-4!8/)*/-.4./0-?!%5,+,!2+,!)206!-.).72+.4.,-!H,4A,,0!45,!4A/!2+4.-4.8! ),<.;)-D!A5.85!.-!7.C,76!2!+,-;74!/3!I2+.-!H,.0F!45,!,*.8,04,+!/3!45,!()*+,--./0.-4! )/:,),04?!%5.-!-4;<6!.-!.)*/+4204!3/+!3;4;+,!);-.8!,<;824/+-D!2-!,J*7/+,-!);-.8!5.-4/+6! .4!*+,-,04-!2!A26!4/!),,4!45,!8+/--B8;++.8;72+!-420<2+<-!*+/:.<,<!H6!45,!%,J2-!K<;824./0! "F,086?! ! ! "II&L=K@!#M!@(&K'%L&!LN!OL>L&$!%OK$($1! ! ! PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP! ! @+?!'52+7/44,!9?!@20.,7D!$85//7!/3!9;-.8! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "II&L=K@!#M!%OK!OL>L&$!I&LQ&"91! ! ! PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP! ! @+?!K7.R2H,45!'/+,6D!@.+,84/+! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! @"%K1!PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (9I&K$$(L>($91!"!'L9I"&($L>!LN!%OK!$%MS($%('!'O"&"'%K&($%('$!LN!! ! %OK!9L=K9K>%!(>!9T$('!">@!%OK!=($T"S!"&%$! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "!%5,-.-!$;H).44,<!4/!45,!N28;746!/3!! ! #267/+!T0.:,+-.46! ! (0!I2+4.27!N;73.77),04!/3!45,!&,E;.+,),04-!3/+!45,! ! O/0/+-!I+/F+2)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! #6! ! >.8/7,!"?!924456-! ! ! ! ! ! ! U28/D!%,J2-! ! ";F;-4!VWVW ! %"#SK!LN!'L>%K>%$! ! ! ! S.-4!/3!N.F;+,-!?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ...! ! I+,328,!?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! .:! ! '52*4,+!L0,1!()*+,--./0.-)1!%5,!"+4.-4.8!9/:,),04!! ?! ?! ?! X! '52*4,+!%A/1!'+/--/:,+!/3!()*+,--./0.-)! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! Y! ! '52*4,+!%5+,,1!!"#$%&'()($*+,"-./01&1(&*%2(3+%2'(H6!'72;<,!@,H;--6!! ?! Z! ! '52*4,+!N/;+1!$6+.0J!H6!'72;<,!@,H;--6!! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! X[! ! '52*4,+!N.:,1!'/087;<.0F!&,)2+C-! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! VW! ! #.H7./F+2*56!! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! VV ! ! ! ..! ! S($%!LN!N(QT&K$! ! ! ! N.F;+,!X! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! Y! ! N.F;+,!V! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! \! ! N.F;+,!Y! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! \! N.F;+,!\! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ]! N.F;+,!]! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ]! N.F;+,!^! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ^! N.F;+,![! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! [! N.F;+,!Z! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! _! N.F;+,!_! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! XW! N.F;+,!XW! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! XX! N.F;+,!XX! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! XV! N.F;+,!XV! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! XY! N.F;+,!XY! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! XY! N.F;+,!X\! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! X\! N.F;+,!X]! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! X]! N.F;+,!X^! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! X^! N.F;+,!X[! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! XZ! N.F;+,!XZ! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! X_! N.F;+,!X_! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! ?! X_! ! ...! ! I&KN"'K! ! ()*+,--./0.-)!2-!20!2+4.-4.8!)/:,),04!.-!A.<,76!C0/A0!28+/--!45,!A/+7<!-.)*76! 2-!2!-467,!/3!*2.04.0F!-,,0!.0!45,!A/+C-!/3!'72;<,!9/0,4D!K<F2+!@,F2-D!I.,++,B";F;-4,! &,0/.+D!20<!/45,+!2+4.-4-!/3!45,!4.),?!O/A,:,+D!45.-!2,-45,4.8!27-/!82++.,<!/:,+!.04/! A,-4,+0!872--.827!);-.8!A.45!'72;<,!@,H;--6!/34,0!8.4,<!2-!45,!`3245,+!/3!()*+,--./0.-)a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`.)*+,--./0.-)a!234,+!-,,.0F!'72;<,!9/0,4b-!:0,"'..162;(5%2"1.'(2-!2!A26!4/!)/8C!45,! 2+4.-4-!/3!4'(5671#8#?#!%5,!4,+)!A2-!),204!4/!8+.4.8.R,!45,!*2.04.0F-!3/+!45,.+!;03.0.-5,<! E;27.46D!A5.85!7,34!/076!20!.)*+,--./0!/3!A524!45,!*2.04.0F!8/;7<!20<!-5/;7<!H,?!#,82;-,! /3!45,!8/00/424./0!/3!45,!4,+)b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c!H/45!/3!A5.85!8/)H.0,!4/!8+,24,!2!-/+4!/3!52R6!*.84;+,!/3!2!-8,0,?!"!8/))/0! ).-8/08,*4./0!+,F2+<.0F!()*+,--./0.-4!*2.04.0F-!.-!4524!45,6!2+,!0/4!<,42.7,<D!20<!A5.7,! -/),!*2.04.0F-!/33,+!:,+6!7.447,!*+,8.-./0D!/45,+-!2+,!E;.4,!.04+.824,!A5.7,!-4.77!8+,24.0F!45.-! 3/FF6!852+284,+?!()*+,--./0.-4!*2.04.0F-!27-/!+,76!5,2:.76!/0!45,!37,,4.0F!E;27.46!/3! 024;+27!7.F54D!A5.85!.-!-,,0!45+/;F5!720<-82*,!/+!,$'12/+1"L!d/;4<//+e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`)6914,T(a(,-`S(491`I4(,G1T&)34155&6,&5)T(TQ0(-`9615` &)34155&6,&5)`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b&SA$!.$F6,1-.$W'(+91.$!"#$%&'()($*+$c&'$6,$W(,a(5.$!=!K.$0--35:TTQQQAG'(+91`)6,1-AG6)TQ(-14'&'&15AR53d341--De06-6A$ ! 9/0,4b-!<+8'"(41$1'.!-,+.,-!.087;<,!-/),!/3!45,!)/-4!A,77BC0/A0!()*+,--./0.-4! *2.04.0F-!/3!277!4.),?!%5.-!-,+.,-!3,24;+,-!9/0,4b-!/A0!A24,+!7.7.,-!*7204-!.0!45,!*/0<!/3! 5.-!Q.:,+06!*+/*,+46?!K285!*2.04.0F!3/8;-,-!/0!45,!-;+328,!/3!45,!A24,+D!2-!A,77!2-!5/A! 45,!7.F54!3+/)!45,!-C6!/+!024;+,!2+/;0<!45,!*/0<!.-!+,37,84,<!;*/0!.4-!-;+328,?!K285! *2.04.0F!,)*7/6-!45,!*+/4+;<.0F!H+;-5-4+/C,-!852+284,+.-4.8!/3!()*+,--./0.-4! )2-4,+*.,8,-D!2-!A,77!2-!45.-!3/8;-!/0!5/A!2!37,,4.0F!)/),04!/3!7.F54!233,84-!2!720<-82*,?! %5,-,!*2.04.0F-!3,24;+,!45,!A24,+!7.76!*/0<!.0!277!/3!45,!<.33,+,04!-,2-/0-!/3!45,!6,2+D!.0! Y! ! 2<<.4./0!4/!2!);74.4;<,!/3!<.33,+,04!4.),-!/3!45,!<26?!K285!*2.04.0F!.-!;0.E;,D!,:,0!A.45! 45,!-2),!8,04+27!3/8;-!H,.0F!45,!-;+328,!/3!45,!*/0<!20<!45,!A24,+!7.7.,-!/0!.4?!! ! ! b&SA$".$F6,1-.$W'(+91.$!"#$%&'()($*&OS(3(,-0+5.$c&'$6,$W(,a(5.$!=!L`!=!>.$0--35:TTQQQAG'(+91` )6,1-AG6)TQ(-14'&'&15AR53d341--De06-6A$ ! ! ! b&SA$#.$F6,1-.$W'(+91.$!"#$%&'()($*+&,%$$-&."%/0-1.$c&'$6,$W(,a(5.$!=!L`!=!>.$0--35:TTQQQAG'(+91` )6,1-AG6)TQ(-14'&'&15AR53d341--De06-6A$ ! ! @,F2-b!*2.04.0F-!3/8;-,<!/0!2!-A.485!4/!*+/7,42+.24!7.3,-467,D!/34,0!<,*.84.0F! <208,+-D!);-.8.20-D!20<!A/),0!A/+C.0F!.0!45,.+!,:,+6<26!7.:,-?!O.-!*2.04.0F-D!A5.7,! -7.F5476!)/+,!.04+.824,D!2+,!-4.77!:,+6!H7;++,<D!2-!.-!852+284,+.-4.8!/3!45,!()*+,--./0.-4! )/:,),04?!%5,6!3/8;-!/0!45,!/:,+277!*.84;+,!8+,24,<!H6!45,!H/7<D!6,4!*2-4,7!8/7/+!*27,44,D!