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Hall of Mirrors: Roy Lichtenstein and the Face of Painting in the 1960S

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Hall of Mirrors: Roy Lichtenstein and the Face of Painting in the 1960S Hall of Mirrors Roy Lichtenstein and the Face of Painting in the 1960s Graham Bader The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2010 Graham Bader All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email [email protected] .edu or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142. This book was set in Bembo by Graphic Composition, Inc., Bogart, Georgia, and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data Bader, Graham. Hall of mirrors : Roy Lichtenstein and the face of painting in the 1960s / Graham Bader. p. cm. — (October books) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-02647-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Lichtenstein, Roy, 1923–1997—Criticism and interpretation. 2. Mirrors in art. 3. Pop art— United States. I. Title. ND237.L627B33 2010 759.13—dc22 2009022527 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Index Note: Page numbers in boldface indicate illustrations. Abstract expressionism, xxix, 20, 22– 23, Artist’s Studio series, 184, 193– 194 30, 39, 114, 206n35 Artist’s Studio: “Look Mickey,” 1973, 60, 61, Abstract impressionism, 18–23, 25, 31, 184, 213n40 205n32 Ashton, Dore, 99, 101 Adams, Laurie Schneider, 181 Aspen Summer Festival, 1967, 162, 163 Adorno, Theodor W., xxxiii, 148, 194– 195 The Atom, no. 6, 1963 (DC Comics), 104, Aesthetic Theory, xxxiii 105 Dialectic of Enlightenment, 227n22 Agostini, Peter, 225n58 Baker, Richard Brown, 3, 89, 202– 203n20, Alberti, Leon Battista, xxiii, xxviii, 58, 204– 205n28, 216n11, 219n23, 220n28 123, 184 Banes, Sally, 198n8 De pictura, 58 Baudrillard, Jean, xxiv Alloway, Lawrence, 48, 50, 52, 199n17 Bell, Daniel, 73 Althusser, Louis, 214n45 Benday dots, xxiv, xxv, 62, 77– 80, 89, 124, Arnheim, Rudolf, 22 185, 186– 187, 211– 212n27, 222n44 Arrrrff!, 1962, 77–80, 78, 82, 215n1 Bergson, Henri, 202n18 Art and Technology program, Los Angeles Berman, Avis, 209n15 County Museum of Art, 151– 152, 154– Bialostocki, Jan, 173 156, 229n35 Big Painting No. 6, 1965, 213n40 Lichtenstein’s drawings for, 153 Bois, Yve- Alain, 84, 202n18 Index Boorstin, Daniel, The Image, 192 Courbet, Gustave, xxx– xxxi, 97, 117 Brecht, George, 46– 47, 51 Crary, Jonathan, 145, 201–202n16 Brennan, William J., 99, 221n38 Cubism, 20, 22, 84– 85, 166 Brown, Norman O., Life against Death, 69– Curtains, 1962, 120, 121, 225n59 71, 72, 74, 75, 214n51, 216n8 Bruner, Louise, 209n7 Daumier, Honoré, The Laundress, 1863– 64, Brushstroke paintings, 39, 193, 194, 230n39 82– 84, 83, 88– 89, 91– 95, 92, 216n11, Brushstrokes, 1965, 127– 129, 128, 157 219nn23, 24 Buettner, Carl, Donald Duck Lost and Found, Dawning, 1964, 131, 132, 135, 152 54– 56, 57, 210n20 Debord, Guy, 88, 148 Burri, Alberto, 48 de Duve, Thierry, 139 Busche, Ernst, 204n23, 205n32, 206n41, de Kooning, Willem, 18, 30, 67–68, 207n46 206n38 Delacroix, Eugène, Women of Algiers, 1834, Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da), Nar- 233n10 cissus, ca. 1597–99, 58, 59 Deleuze, Gilles, xxiv– xxv, xxix, 82, 185– Caro, Anthony, 230n40 186, 187, 216n10 Castelli, Leo, 82, 208n2, 216n9 A Thousand Plateaus, 80– 81, 89, 91, 127 Leo Castelli Gallery, xviii, xx, 51, 114, Denby, David, 97 137, 145, 148– 151, 149, 150, 210n19, Dewey, John, 11 222n42, 224n54, 227–228n24 Dickstein, Morris, 214n43 Cattell, James McKeen, 201–202n16 Disney, Walt, xxviii, 72–75, 207n49 Cavell, Stanley, xxxii– xxxiv Disneyland, 34– 35, 207n49 Cézanne, Paul, 3, 45– 46, 68, 194 Donald Duck, 1958, 31– 35, 32, 36, 41, 117, Pines and Rocks, ca. 1896– 99, 90 121, 207n49 Chamberlain, John, 48, 225n58 Doyle, Tom, 47 Clark, T. J., 187– 190 Drowning Girl, 1963, 97– 99 Clearwater, Bonnie, 2 Duchamp, Marcel, 85 Cohen, Lizabeth, 207n49, 217n18 Duret, Théodore, 139 Collins, Bradford R., 210– 211n23 Conner, Bruce, 48 Eagleton, Terry, 71 Consumerism, xx– xxii, xxx, 13, 35, 87– 88 Ego psychology, 110, 224n52 Coplans, John, 51, 67, 139, 160– 162, Eichenbaum, Boris, 139 225n57 Eisenhauer, Letty Lou, 123, 225n57 Roy Lichtenstein, 176, 178, 181 Eisenstein, Sergei, 215n55 250 Index Electric Seascape #1, 1967, 146, 147 Girls’ Love Stories #103 (comic book), El Greco, 82 220n31 Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586– 88, 216n10 Girl with Ball, 1961, xx, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, Elliot, George P., 99 85, 93, 103, 127, 219n27, 222n44 Ellul, Jacques, 85– 87 correspondences with Look Mickey, 216n9 Entablature paintings, 187, 232n68 and Daumier’s The Laundress, 82– 84, 89, Entablature, 1974, 188 91, 95, 216n11 Environments, Situations, Spaces exhibi- and Picasso’s Bather with Beach Ball, 219n24 tion, 1961, 51 source image for, xxv, 91 Erotic art, 222n41 and Strider’s Mouth, 97 Esterow, Milton, 210n23 Glaser, Bruce, xxvii, 68, 110 Eyck, Jan van, Arnolfi ni Portrait, 1434, 170 Goldberg, Mike, 67 Goodnough, Robert, 20 Finkelstein, Louis, 18– 25, 205n32 Goux, Jean- Joseph, xxxii Fitzsimmons, James, 204n22 Grant, Bob, Donald Duck Lost and Found, Flash lab, Ohio State University, 4– 6, 5, 1960, illustration from, 54– 56, 57, 9, 16, 18, 41, 60, 72, 201n6, 201n16, 210n20 202n18 Greenberg, Clement, 133, 224n52 Flavin, Dan, 48 “After Abstract Expressionism,” 112–114 Focal point, 3, 6, 14, 89, 90, 91 “The Case for Abstract Art,” 175 Foucault, Michel, 185 Lichtenstein’s engagement with ideas of, Frankfurter, Albert, 101 112– 115, 152– 154, 175– 176, 223nn48, 49 Freud, Sigmund, 66–69, 75, 110, 123, on pop, 101, 112– 114, 154 224n52 Post Painterly Abstraction exhibition, 154 Civilization and Its Discontents, 70, Green Gallery, 51 213n41 The Grip, 1962, 97, 98, 114 “On Narcissism: An Introduction,” 66 Guattari, Félix, xxiv–xxv, xxix Fried, Michael, xxx– xxxi, 97, 117, 199n21, A Thousand Plateaus, 80– 81, 89, 91, 127 215– 216n6, 230n41 Guston, Philip, Summer, 1954, 20, 21, 31 “Art and Objecthood,” 162 Manet’s Modernism, xxx Half Face with Collar, 1963, 97, 114 Hand Loading Gun, 1961, 104– 107, 106 Gas Station Attendant (Yellow Man), 1962, Handshake, 1961, 114 77, 79, 80– 82, 85, 215n1 Happenings, 39, 52 Geist, Sidney, 204n22 Happy Tears, 1964, 121– 123, 122, 124 251 Index Hardt, Michael, 186 Yard, 1961, 51, 52, 209n15 Head with Blue Shadow, 1965, 158 Karp, Ivan, 208n2 Hendricks, Geoffrey, 46, 47 Kelly, Ellsworth, 170, 225n58 Hess, Thomas B., 48, 50, 156, 229n38 Yellow Piece, 1966, 170, 172 Horkheimer, Max, 148 Kendrick, Walter, 99 Dialectic of Enlightenment, 227n22 Kiss paintings The Kiss, 1962, 95, 107, 108, 112, 114– I . I’m Sorry!, 1966, 157 115, 117, 124, 127, 193, 223n48, I Know How You Must Feel, Brad!, 1963, 224n54 225n59 Kiss III, 1962, 221n33 Impressionism, 20, 139, 145, 205– 206n33 Kiss V, 1964, 95, 96, 117, 223n50 Indian, Teepee, and Canoe, 1956, 18, 19 Kiss with Clouds, 1964, 220n29 Indiana, Robert, 225n58 Kozloff, Max, 101, 230n41 Inside Fort Laramie (After Alfred Jacob Miller, Kramer, Hilton, 48, 50 1837), 1956, 14– 18, 15, 205n30 Krauss, Rosalind, xxxii, 84, 99, 101–103, 104, 151, 194– 195, 219n24 Jackson, Martha, 48 Kronhausen, Eberhard, 99 Jameson, Fredric, xxiii Kronhausen, Phyllis, 99 Jarzombeck, Mark, The Psychologizing of Kusama, Yayoi, 175 Modernity, 203n21 Infi nity Mirror Room—Phalli’s Field, 1965, Johns, Jasper, 30, 39, 54, 230n41 170, 174 Johnson, Philip, 121, 216n9, 225n58 Kusama’s Peep Show (Endless Love Show), Johnston, Jill, 135 1966, 170 Jones, John, 13, 22, 27, 67 Narcissus Garden, 1966, 173 Joselit, David, 84–85 Judd, Donald, 192 Lacan, Jacques, xxiii, xxiv, 62, 179 Junk art, xxviii, 39, 47– 48, 52 Land, Norman E., 179 Langer, Susanne K., 11 Kaprow, Allan, xxviii, 45– 48, 50, 200n5, The Last of the Buffalo, ca. 1951– 52, 10 208n4 Lefebvre, Henri, The Production of Space, Apple Shrine, 1960, 51 192 “The Legacy of Jackson Pollock,” 47, 48, Leo Castelli Gallery, xviii, xx, 51, 114, 137, 166 145, 148–151, 149, 150, 210n19, 222n42, Paintings, Environments, and Happenings, 48 224n54, 227– 228n24 A Spring Happening, 1961, 51 Lichtenstein, David Hoyt, 1 252 Index Lichtenstein, Dorothy, 208n2 Leo Castelli Gallery exhibition, 1964, 137, Lichtenstein, Mitchell, 45, 46 145, 149, 151 Lichtenstein, Roy. See also individual works MFA thesis, 7– 8, 11, 22, 114, 202n18, and groups of works by name 218n22 and abstraction, xviii, 13, 14, 18, 25, 30, on perceptual unity, 12– 13, 16, 18, 50, 56, 31, 51, 67, 173 202n20 Americana imagery of, 9– 11, 10, 14, 15, photograph of, 178 19, 81, 204nn22, 23, 205n31, 207n49 “ribbon” paintings, 36, 38, 39– 41, 40, 51– Aspen Installation, 1967, 162, 163 52, 230n39 borrowings from advertisements, xxv, Rowlux, use of, xxii, 145–146, 151, 156, xxvii, xxxi, 91, 166, 215n1 226–227n17 borrowings from cartoons and comic sculptural works, xxii, 134, 158, 160– 162, books, xxvii, xxix, xxxi, 31– 36, 41, 45– 161, 164, 230nn41, 42, 231n43 46, 97, 215n1, 220n31 “sophisticated women” paintings, xxii, 81, ceramic heads, 129, 134, 157, 158 117– 123, 118, 122, 127, 129, 134, 191, fi lm installations, 129, 134, 151–157, 153, 222n43, 225n57 164 “stain” paintings, 27– 30, 29, 31, 36 and ground- directed canvas, 9, 18, 202– Lieberman, Alexander, 225n58 203n20 Like New, 1962, 103, 222n44 hands, representations of, 31– 34, 66, Little Aloha, 1962, xviii, xx, xxi 97, 114, 115, 117, 207n46, 219n27, Littoral, 1964, 135, 136, 137, 145 222n42 Live Ammo (Blang), 1962, 107, 109, 110, John Heller Gallery exhibition, 1957, 14, 112, 114, 115
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