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Old Field Succession in Pinellas County, Florida Roger T Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1972 Old Field Succession in Pinellas County, Florida Roger T. Poole Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Botany at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Poole, Roger T., "Old Field Succession in Pinellas County, Florida" (1972). Masters Theses. 3856. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3856 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements. Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. Mas 91 19� Date I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because I intend to have 1 t published in the Florida Academy of Science. May 9. 1972 Date OLD FIELD SUCCESSION IN PINELLAS COUNTY, FLORIDA (TITLE) BY ROGER T. POOLE - ./ B. s. in Ed. , Eastern Illinois University, 1960 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCEIN BOTANY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1972 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE l/$�1972 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is indeed grateful to Francis McMullen for granting permission to use this acreage for study and for providing data on past history of land usage. A special thanks to the following faculty members in the Department of Botany at Eastern Illinois University. Dr. Harold Balbach, who has given often needed advice and has assisted in the study from its initial stage; .Dr. John E. Ebinger, who willingly helped in plant identification and verification; Dr. W. C. Whiteside for advice and suggestions concerning the manuscript; Dr. Roger Darding for his aid in interpretation of soil data. I also acknowledge the advice of Gilbert M. Whitton Jr., Pinellas County Agricultural Agent; Art Day of the Pinellas County Soil Conservation Service; and Dr. Robert M. Craig of the state Soil Conservation Service, Gainesville, Florida. Aid in plant verification and time saving suggestions were received from Dr. Marlon Ellison of the Department of Botany at the University of Tampa; Dr. Olga Lakela, Research Professor of Botany, and Dr. Robert W. Long, Professor of Botany and Director of the Herbarium, both of the University· of South Florida at Tampa, Florida. I sincerely appreciate the counsel of Dr. W.R. Boggess, Dr. T. R. Peck, Dr. J.B. Fehrenbacher, and Dr. F.A. Bazzaz, all of the University of Illinois. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGElVIENTS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • i INTRODUCTION .•.................................� . 1 DESCRIPTION OF AREA. • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 FIGURE 1. RECORD OF RAINFALL DURING ONE-YEAR STUDY......... 4 l\llATERIALS AND METHODS . 5 FIGURE 2. LAYOUT OF PLOTS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • 5 RESULTS OF SAMPLING DURING ONE-YEAR STUDY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF SEED GERMINATION STUDIES ....... 9 SOIL ANALYSIS BY NU-AG LABORATORIES............................ 10 DISTURBANCE BY GOPHER TORTOISE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 CONCLUSIONS. • • . • . • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • . • • • . 12 CONCLUSIONS FROM SOIL ANALYSIS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • 14 DISCUSSION.. • • . • . • . • . • 16 LITERATURE CITED. 23 FIGURE 3. OUTLINE MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF RESEARCH PLOTS IN ANONA AREA, PINELLAS COUNTY, FLORIDA•••• 25 FIGURE 4. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING LOCATION OF RESEARCH PLOT A AND PLOT B. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26 FIGURE 5. PHOTOGRAPH OF DISTURBANCE BY GOPHERUS POLYPHEMUS ••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 FIGURE 6. PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING G. POLYPHEMUS BURROWS IN PLOT A DURING JUNE SAMPLING. • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • 27 FIGURE 7. PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING G. POLYPHEMUS BURROWS IN PLOT A DURING DECEMBER SAMPLING•••• ••••••••••••• 27 FIGURE 8. PHOTOGRAPH OF AREA EAST OF PLOT A ••••• •••••••••••• 28 FIGURE 9. PHOTOGRAPH OF AREA SOUTH OF PLOT B •••••••••••••••• 28 TABLE 1. IMPORTANCE VALUE OF PLANTS IN PLOT A DURING SUCCESSIVE SAMPLINGS OVER ONE-YEAR PERIOD ••••••••• 29 TABLE 2. IMPORTANCE VALUE OF PLANTS IN PLOT B DURING SUCCESSIVE SAMPLINGS OVER ONE-YEAR PERIOD ••••••••• 30 TABLE 3. APRIL 9, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT A SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE •••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 TABLE 4. JUNE 26, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT A SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE •••••••••••••••••••••••• 32 TABLE 5. NOVEMBER 22, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT A SHOWING 2 PLANTS/M , RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE•••••••••• •••••••••••••• 33 TABLE 6. DECEMBER 28, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT A SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE •••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 TABLE 7. MARCH 1, 1972 SAMPLING OF PLOT A SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE •••••••••••••••••••••••• 35 TABLE 8. APRIL 9, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT B SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE.. ............ .... ..... 36 TABLE 9. JUNE26, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT B SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE........... ........ .. .. 37 TABLE 10. NOVEMBER 22, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT B SHOWING 2 PLANTS/M , RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE... ....... ...... ... .... 38 TABLE 11. DECEMBER 12, 1971 SAMPLING OF PLOT B SHOWING PLANTS/M2, RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE. ......... ............. 39 TABLE 12. MARCH 1, 1972 SAMPLING OF PLOT B SHOWING 2 PLANTS/M , RELATIVE FREQUENCY, RELATIVE DENSITY AND IMPORTANCE VALUE.... ... .... ........ .... 40 TABLE 13. RELATIVE DENSITY OF PLANTS IN PLOT C DURING SUCCESSIVE SAMPLINGS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 TABLE 14. RELATIVE DENSITY OF PLANTS IN PLOT D DURING SUCCESSIVE SAMPLINGS • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 42 TABLE 15. RELATIVE DENSITY OF PLANTS IN PLOT E DURING SUCCESSIVE SAMPLINGS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 43 TABLE 16 - FIGURE 10. SPECIES COMPOSITION SHIFT IN PLOT A BY PERCENTAGE IV DURING ONE-YEAR STUDY • • • • • • • • • • • 44 TABLE 17 - FIGURE 11. SPECIES COMPOSITION SHIFT IN PLOT B BY PERCENTAGE IV DURING ONE-YEAR STUDY •.••......•• 45 TABLE 18 - FIGURE 12. PERCENTAGE IV SPECIES COMPARISON OF PLOTS A and B, A and C, A and E, FOUR WEEKS AFTER DEN"(JDING. • . • . 46 FIGURE 13. PERCENTAGE IV SPECIES COMPARISON IN PLOTS C, D, AND E TWENTY-TWO WEEKS AFTER DENUDING • • • • • • • • 47 FIGURE 14. PERCENTAGE IV SPECIES COMPARISON IN PLOTS A AND B FORTY-TWO WEEKS AND ONE YEAR AFTER DENUDING ............•......•........................... 48 TABLE 19. PLANTS/M2 DENSITY STUDY OF PLOT A DURING JULY, 1971 • . • . • . 49 TABLE 20. LIST OF MOST FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED PLANT SPECIES ON MCMULLEN PROPERTY AND LOCAL AREA •••• 50 TABLE 21. LIST OF TOTAL PLANT SPECIES OCCURRING IN ALL PLOTS. • . • . • . 5 2 TABLE 22. LIST OF TOTAL PLANT SPECIES OCCURRING ON THE MCMULLEN PROPERTY OTHER THAN IN PLOTS • • • • • • • • • • • 55 TABLE 23. LIST OF TOTAL PLANT SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE LOCAL AREA NOT PREVIOUSLY COLLECTED ON THE MCMULLEN PROPERTY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 64 INTRODUCTION During the author's residence in Pinellas County, Florida from 1960- 1970, it became apparent that land development for shopping centers, sub­ divisions, condominiums, and concurrent parking lots is rapidly consuming much of the available land. Citrus groves, farmland, and native vegetation are quickly disappearing. As pointed out by Lakela and Long (1970), dredge and fill operations and other drastic landscape alterations by man have destroyed m�y of the original habitats of endemic species. The increased emphasis on ecology and concern for protection of the environment has rekindled interest in plant-community studies which started in the early 1900's. Although studies pertaining to old-field systems were undertaken up to the 1930's, since then such studies have been quite regular. It is the intention of this paper to investigate initial stages of two possible successional trends in Pinellas County, Florida. Pinellas County, located in west-central Florida, has long enjoyed a rich variety of floral types due to a favorable
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