DOCSLIB.ORG

A Razão Em Jane Austen: Classe, Gênero E Casamento Em Pride and Prejudice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Razão Em Jane Austen: Classe, Gênero E Casamento Em Pride and Prejudice UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS NARA LUIZA DO AMARAL DIAS A razão em Jane Austen: classe, gênero e casamento em Pride and Prejudice SÃO PAULO 2015 2 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS A razão em Jane Austen: classe, gênero e casamento em Pride and Prejudice Nara Luiza do Amaral Dias Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês do Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Daniel Puglia SÃO PAULO 2015 3 AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO E DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO POR MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. 4 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Nome: DIAS, Nara Luiza do Amaral. Título: A razão em Jane Austen: classe, gênero e casamento em Pride and Prejudice. Dissertação de Mestrado, pelo Departamento de Letras Modernas, Área de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Daniel Puglia. Aprovada em: __________________________________ Banca examinadora Prof.(a) Dr.(a)_______________________________________________________________ Instituição:________________________ Assinatura:______________________________ Prof.(a) Dr.(a)_______________________________________________________________ Instituição:________________________ Assinatura:______________________________ Prof.(a) Dr.(a)_______________________________________________________________ Instituição:________________________ Assinatura:______________________________ 5 Aos meus pais, pelos livros E ao Pedro, que deu vida a eles 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao professor Dr. Daniel Puglia, pela aposta, paciência e orientação. Às amigas Marina e Michelly, que deram graça ao mestrado. Às professoras Dra. Maria Sílvia Betti e Dra. Mariana Teixeira Marques, pelas contribuições valiosas no desenvolvimento do projeto. À minha família, pela retórica e pelo apoio. A todos que escreveram esse texto comigo e àqueles de quem emprestei conhecimento. À Capes, pela bolsa de estudos. 7 ... E assim nas calhas de roda Gira, a entreter a razão, Esse comboio de corda Que se chama coração. (Fernando Pessoa) 8 RESUMO DIAS, Nara Luiza do Amaral. A razão em Jane Austen: classe, gênero e casamento em Pride and Prejudice. 2015. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. O presente trabalho faz um estudo crítico de Pride and Prejudice (1813), de Jane Austen, buscando mostrar aproximações da obra com as mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas e ideológicas que ocorreram na Inglaterra da passagem do século XVIII ao XIX, a partir da ascensão da burguesia. Com base na construção feita da heroína Elizabeth Bennet como uma personagem racional, em oposição às demais personagens do romance, contrastes de classe e gênero são explorados, de modo a conduzir a análise para uma interpretação da maneira como o casamento (atuação social principal de mulheres de certa classe no período) é desenvolvido ao longo de todo o romance, acabando por se tornar o fio condutor da narrativa – uma verdadeira investigação de significados sociais desenvolvida pela autora. Palavras-chave: Orgulho e Preconceito; Jane Austen; classe; gênero; casamento. 9 ABSTRACT DIAS, Nara Luiza do Amaral. The reason in Jane Austen: class, gender and marriage in Pride and Prejudice. 2015. 160 p. Dissertation (MA) Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. This work brings a critical study of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813). It aims to show the approaches between the book and social, political, economic and ideological transformations that took place in England in the transition of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, since the rise of the bourgeoisie. Based on the construction of the heroine Elizabeth Bennet as a rational character, in opposition to the other characters of the novel, class and gender contrasts are explored in order to conduct the analysis to an interpretation of how the marriage (the main social activity of women of a certain class in the period) is developed throughout the novel, eventually becoming the underlying theme of the narrative – a true research of social meanings developed by the author. Keywords: Pride and Prejudice; Jane Austen; class; gender; marriage. 10 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO: UMA LUZ SOBRE A CRÍTICA ................................................................................. 11 1. O CONFRONTO ENTRE ELIZABETH BENNET E LADY CATHERINE DE BOURGH .................... 30 2. AS REPRESENTAÇÕES FEMININAS EM PRIDE AND PREJUDICE .............................................. 69 3. O CASAMENTO EM PRIDE AND PREJUDICE INVESTIGADO EM QUATRO PARTES .................. 105 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .......................................................................................................... 147 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................................................... 150 11 Introdução: uma luz sobre a crítica “… seven years I suppose are enough to change every pore of one’s skin, & every feeling of one’s mind”1, disse Jane Austen em uma carta endereçada à sua irmã, Cassandra, em 1805. (apud KNOX-SHAW, p. 12) A mudança de sentimentos e ideias é recorrente em Pride and Prejudice, um romance no qual as “primeiras impressões” costumam estar erradas. Não à toa, dois pedidos de casamento são feitos durante a narrativa com a certeza de que teriam uma resposta positiva, apenas para que seus autores fossem frustrados. O passado de Mr. Darcy e Mr. Wickham é mal avaliado por quase todos; a exceção sendo Jane Bennet, que nunca confia nas primeiras impressões, mas que sofre com as consequências dos julgamentos que outras personagens fazem sobre seus sentimentos. Os esquemas de Charlotte são sempre uma surpresa, e ninguém desconfia, até o final, do que se passa no coração de Elizabeth. A heroína está, inclusive, enganada quase sempre sobre quase tudo. Peter Knox-Shaw explica que a própria Jane Austen mudava bastante de opinião, seja sobre homens, mulheres ou livros, e a certeza que alguns leitores tomam como chave de leitura de suas obras é, na verdade, apenas uma característica da maneira como ela escreve. Trata-se, segundo o autor, de um estilo autoral – mas não das realidades que ela representa e, nesse sentido, Austen poderia ser considerada uma típica iluminista cética: “doubts, muddles, delusions, mixed motives and feelings are the stuff of the experience she handles (...)”2, e a determinação para chegar à verdade teria feito dela “all the quicker to seize on signs of self-deceit and inconsistency, and to recognize distortion as part of the texture of life, her own included”3 (2004, p. 11-12). Quando nos voltamos a questões de gênero e classe retratadas nos seus romances, seria possível atestar que, muito mais do que criar definições finais como resoluções de debates ideológicos, Jane Austen talvez tenha tido como fim justamente o “fazer pensar” – e por receberem um tratamento sutil, as questões levantadas pela autora permitem diversas interpretações. Deborah Kaplan (1994), ao se propor a analisar a obra de Austen sob uma 1 “… suponho que sete anos sejam suficientes para mudar cada poro da pele de alguém, & cada sensação em sua mente” (AUSTEN apud KNOX-SHAW, p. 12 – tradução livre). 2 “dúvidas, confusões, delírios, motivações e sentimentos contraditórios são o material da experiência que ela maneja” (KNOX-SHAW, 2004, p. 11-12 – tradução livre). 3 “muito mais rápida para aproveitar sinais de autoengano e inconsistência, e para reconhecer a distorção como parte da textura da vida, a dela própria incluída” (KNOX-SHAW, 2004, p. 11-12 – tradução livre). 12 perspectiva tanto feminista quanto histórica, faz um levantamento da postura da fortuna crítica diante da autora, especificamente no que se refere a Pride and Prejudice. Conversando com estudos relacionados ao American Feminism4, Kaplan parte do princípio de que “Pride and Prejudice, and Austen’s other novels as well, affirm patriarchal values with the resolution of marriage”.5 Essa questão da resolução do romance com o casamento da heroína será a grande crítica feita a Austen pelas feministas, haja vista que nenhuma das suas obras publicadas apresentaria algum refúgio ou opção às heroínas para além do matrimônio. A partir daí, a proposta de Kaplan será, não negar que haja uma afirmação de valores patriarcais na obra de Austen, mas relativizar essa crítica, apontando para o fato de que os finais dos romances não são exatamente iguais entre si, e que existem diversos aspectos envolvidos na conclusão das obras que devem ser levados em consideração (1994, p. 183). Sobre os desacordos da crítica, Kaplan lembra que os comentários a respeito de Elizabeth Bennet feitos ao longo do tempo revelam concepções distintas sobre a heroína: os críticos do início do século XIX a elogiavam, entendendo a protagonista feminina como uma caracterização consistente com seus próprios valores e normas patriarcais. Para eles, e aqui temos como exemplo um crítico anônimo em março de 1813 (Critical Review, 2001, p. 46, apud KAPLAN, 1994, p. 184-185), “Elizabeth’s sense and conduct
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MKULTR4: Very Vague and Not Well-Funded Written and Edited by Emma Laslett, Ewan Macaulay, Joey Goldman, Ben Salter, and Oli Clarke Editors 5
    MKULTR4: Very Vague And Not Well-Funded Written and Edited by Emma Laslett, Ewan MacAulay, Joey Goldman, Ben Salter, and Oli Clarke Editors 5 Tossups 1. An 1841 alternative history of the Gunpowder Plot by Harrison Ainsworth imagines Guy Fawkes meeting this man and the founder of Chetham’s Library. The British Museum holds an obsidian mirror that Horace Walpole believed belonged to this man. Michael Voynich assumed that the Voynich Manuscript had been sold by this man to Rudolf II, HRE. This man is usually credited with coining the idea of the “British Empire.” Robert Hooke suggested that this man was a (*) spy due to his use of cryptography to conceal correspondence with his patron. This man’s notebooks are in the Enochian language he developed with Edward Kelley. For 10 points name this occultist and advisor to Elizabeth I. ANSWER: John Dee <JG> 2. This artist worked on an installation that takes the form of two circles connected by a large net across a river. That work designed by this artist is Tenemos and it is the first of the five planned Tees Valley Giants. This artist frequently collaborates with Cecil Balmond. A museum-goer was recently hospitalised after falling into this artist’s Descent into Limbo. This artist holds an exclusive licence for use of the extremely (*) non-reflective substance Vantablack. This artist’s massive trumpet-like Marsyas filled the Tate’s Turbine Hall in 2003. This artist of Chicago’s Cloud Gate designed a 115 meter high curvy red nonsense for the Olympic Park. For 10 points, name this artist of the ArcelorMittal Orbit.
    [Show full text]
  • Antecedentes Medievais Da Ruptura Com Roma
    The Importance of Study for Women and by Women: Hannah More’s Defence of Female Education as the Path to their Patriotic Contribution Patrícia Rodrigues University of Lisbon, Portugal Higher School of Education of Santarém, Portugal In the late eighteenth century we observe an intense debate regarding female education, an issue that generated great controversy and discomfort in society, as it threatened the long-established patterns of women’s inferiority which confined them to the domestic and private sphere. One of such writers was Hannah More who, though not defying the status quo, does claim for a more comprehensive education for women. The writer in question was a prominent literary figure of this period and her fame is not confined solely to her time; on the contrary, Hannah More is one of the authoresses of the eighteenth century who has known a renewed interest by modern readers. One of her works in particular illustrates her disappointment regarding the inadequate female education which she considered to be the source of many flaws, mistakes and imperfections traditionally associated with most women’s behaviour. More’s Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education, with a View of the Principle and Conduct Prevalent Among Women of Rank and Fortune (1799) stresses the importance of study for women and by women, since it was the only way they could ascend spiritually and promote the harmony in their proper, private sphere, that is, the domus. However, regrettably she merely points out guidelines instead of suggesting a feasible and complete curriculum. Such work aimed at developing the awareness that it was imperative to offer women a more complete Entre Classicismo e Romantismo education which aimed at more than external accomplishments and domestic expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane of All Trades the Journey of Charlotte Lennox As She Blends Into Her Titular Character, Sophia
    Master‘s Degree in European, American, and Postcolonial Languages and Literatures Final Thesis Jane of All Trades The Journey of Charlotte Lennox as She Blends into Her Titular Character, Sophia Supervisor Professor Flavio Gregori Assistant supervisor Professor Emma Sdegno Graduand Jayanthi Fabris 871502 Academic Year 2019 / 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To professor Gregori, my Supervisor, who graciously accepted to carry me through this thesis even though the topic changed more frequently than the tides in Venice, go my gratitude and several offerings to the university gods. To professor Sdegno, who was nominated Assistant Supervisor, thank you for bearing this unexpected burden. To my beta readers, who probably lost a few dioptres while proof-reading this paper, I owe you so much. And to my family, who once again pushed me forward even when I wanted to stop. “Truth is not always hurt by fiction.” Charlotte Lennox Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 1.1 CONTEXT: Sentiment and Passion in the XVIII Century ................. 7 1.2 CONTEXT: Cry Me a River............................................................ 24 1.3 CONTEXT: Pathos, Lacrimae, and Distress ................................... 31 1.4 CONTEXT: A Library of the XVIII Century .................................. 38 2. CHARLOTTE LENNOX ..................................................................... 44 2.1 The History of Harriot and Sophia, or Sophia ................................. 55 2.2 Sophia as Sentimental
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade De Lisboa Faculdade De Letras Departamento De Estudos Anglísticos O Despertar Da Consciência Cívica Feminina: Id
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.UL UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDOS ANGLÍSTICOS O DESPERTAR DA CONSCIÊNCIA CÍVICA FEMININA: IDENTIDADE E VALORES DA PEDAGOGIA FEMININA DE FINAIS DO SÉCULO XVIII. OS CASOS DE MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, CATHARINE MACAULAY E HANNAH MORE Ana Patrícia Antunes Fanha Rodrigues DOUTORAMENTO EM ESTUDOS DE LITERATURA E DE CULTURA 2011 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDOS ANGLÍSTICOS O DESPERTAR DA CONSCIÊNCIA CÍVICA FEMININA: IDENTIDADE E VALORES DA PEDAGOGIA FEMININA DE FINAIS DO SÉCULO XVIII. OS CASOS DE MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, CATHARINE MACAULAY E HANNAH MORE Ana Patrícia Antunes Fanha Rodrigues Dissertação orientada pela Prof.ª Doutora Adelaide Meira Serras DOUTORAMENTO EM ESTUDOS DE LITERATURA E DE CULTURA 2011 Para o meu pai, a estrela mais brilhante de todo o Firmamento AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar à minha mãe, a minha melhor amiga, pelo carinho e pelo apoio incondicional, por ter mantido o meu barco sempre na rota do sol, mesmo durante as tempestades mais negras. À minha orientadora, a Profª. Doutora Adelaide Meira Serras, que nunca deixou de acreditar em mim e que sempre incentivou com o seu sapere aude contagiante. Foi certamente um modelo de inspiração, que me despertou o interesse, ainda não esgotado, pela questão da educação feminina em Setecentos. Pela sua paciência, disponibilidade e amizade e também pelo seu auxílio precioso não só a nível académico, mas também pessoal, a minha homenagem mais sentida. Ao coordenador do Programa de Doutoramento e ao excelente conjunto de professores que semana após semana partilhavam a sua sabedoria e conhecimento.
    [Show full text]
  • Frances Burney D'arblay and Anglican Womanhood, 1752 – 1840
    Frances Burney d’Arblay and Anglican Womanhood, 1752 – 1840. Daniel James Edward Alexander Waterfield. Queens’ College. March, 2019. This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Acknowledgements: With thanks to Andrew C. Thompson, Sophie Coulombeau, Peter Sabor, Catherine Nygren, John Overholt, Amy Erickson, Nicholas Dixon, and to Kevin Feeney, Tim Oliver, Chris Evans, Henry Coleman, Anthony Breach, Jack Thompson, Toby Waterworth, Finn Trevarthen-Darby, Greg Williams, Jacob Weinbren, Ruth Rimmer, and Chris Terry for making sure I didn’t slack. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Pigott Foundation, McGill-ASECS, and the Donald and Mary Hyde Fellowship at Harvard University. Most of all, to my wife, Becky Waterfield. Abstract. A resurgence of interest precipitated by Joyce Hemlow in the middle half of the twentieth century has rescued the British novelist Frances Burney d’Arblay’s (1752 – 1840) cutting social criticism from the shadow of her near-contemporary Jane Austen. Yet such work has – with the exception of recent work on the colonial contexts of the Burney family as a whole – centred on the standard gendered contexts of elite social spaces and marriage markets. Frances Burney, however, was the Anglican daughter of a Catholic mother, counted Burke, Garrick, Johnson, and Mrs Thrale among her friends after Evelina’s publication in 1778, spent five years as servant to Queen Charlotte, witnessing the Hastings Trial and George’s first illness, then married a French Roman Catholic émigré and spent ten years trapped in France during the Napoleonic War. Her father, a musicologist and teacher, struggled to reconcile a conservative elite sociability with the quasi-proscribed Catholicism of his wider circle.
    [Show full text]
  • Poetry and Class Sandie Byrne Poetry and Class Sandie Byrne Poetry and Class Sandie Byrne University of Oxford Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
    Poetry and Class Sandie Byrne Poetry and Class Sandie Byrne Poetry and Class Sandie Byrne University of Oxford Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK ISBN 978-3-030-29301-7 ISBN 978-3-030-29302-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29302-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Cover illustration: © duncan1890 / Getty Images, Medieval Woman Early Flemish style This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
    [Show full text]
  • Queen of the Blues
    QUEEN OF THE BLUES An exhibition exploring Elizabeth Montagu and The Bluestockings Co-curated by Unity Arts and Dr Johnson’s House QUEEN OF THE BLUES is a set of community created responses to the life, work and letters of Bluestocking, Elizabeth Montagu and funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund. This exhibition (has been created and filmed by Unity Arts and our community, in collaboration with Dr Johnson’s House. You will be able to book slots if you wish to visit in person when the house opens later in the year. http://www.drjohnsonshouse.org/visit.html Queen of the Blues was the name given to Montagu by Samuel Johnson and the pieces that are displayed have been created during the Covid-19 pandemic. The artwork, 3D installations, audio installation, and information panels came out of online workshops, heritage trips in pairs and one to one socially distanced meetings with the researchers and artists also using Primary Sources, archive materials, art, poetry and music as prompts. Our thanks to Dr Johnson’s House for their support and the loan of their original Elizabeth Montagu Letters and portraits and objects of Montagu and Johnson for this installation. The museum were also hosts and partners to our Hackney Dissent project last year and have made this event possible by welcoming us as their first virtual exhibition. We are so happy to be back. The online version of Queen of The Blues the exhibition can be found here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsvhgNHKeiY The audio documentary Queen of The Blues can be found here https://www.mixcloud.com/UnityArts/queen-of-the-blues/ The documentary Hackney Dissent can be found here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFoRxMDTM60&feature=emb_logo More information on our website https://unityartslondon.wordpress.com/ Queen of the Blues When women were the submissive members of the Georgian era, and for the most part, at the mercy of men, Elizabeth Montagu created sparkling London assemblies, where she placed a new emphasis on conversation for both sexes as a pleasurable and enlightened pursuit.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    I Revolution (1789–1798) The ‘Revolution Controversy’ The books, pamphlets, and essays written in response, pro and con, to the French Revolution constitute a vehement battle of ideas now called the ‘Revolution Controversy’.1 Leading supporters of the French Revolution were Thomas Paine, William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft. Principle oppo- nents included Edmund Burke, William Windham, Arthur Young, and, through the succession of The Anti‐Jacobin, George Canning, William Gifford, and John Gifford. These alliances crossed party boundaries between Whigs and Tories; or, rather, the shifting alliances caused factional party divisions. After using his influence in the Whig party to rally support of the American Revolutionaries and Catholic emancipation, Burke surprised many of his constituency when he opposed the French Revolution. He thus became a leader of a conservative fac- tion within the Whig Party. The repudiation of the events in France was articu- lated by Burke in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). Burke defended the rights of the landed gentry, who saw much to be risked and nothing to be gained in the overthrow of the existing monarchy. Burke represented a strong constituency, but nevertheless only a fraction of a large populace lacking prop- erty and therefore lacking voting rights as well. With Burke representing the ‘Old Whigs’, Charles James Fox was called upon as spokesperson for the pro‐ revolution ‘New Whigs’. As the violence increased, more of the pro‐revolution faction switched sides. A turning point came early in 1793 with the British declaration of war against France. The first printing of Paine’s Rights of Man (13 March 1791) quickly sold out.
    [Show full text]
  • SFU Library Thesis Template
    OBSERVATIONS AND REFLECTIONS Made in the Course of a Journey through France and Italy 1786-1787 by Elizabeth Kidd M.A., University of Toronto, 1973 B.A., McGill University, 1966 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate Liberal Studies Program Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Elizabeth Kidd SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2017 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Elizabeth Kidd Degree: Master of Arts Title: Observations and Reflections Made in the Course of a Journey through France and Italy, 1786-1787 Examining Committee: Chair: Gary McCarron Associate Professor, School of Communication and Graduate Liberal Studies Program Stephen Duguid Senior Supervisor Professor, Department of Humanities and Graduate Liberal Studies Program Betty A. Schellenberg Supervisor Professor, Department of English Margaret Linley External Examiner Associate Professor, Department of English Date Defended/Approved: July 17, 2017 ii Abstract This paper is an historical fiction-- a travel journal written by Lady Aphrodite Macbain, an aristocratic English woman who records her observations and thoughts during her European tour in 1786-1787. Three voices tell this tale: Lady Aphrodite Macbain, a twenty-first century editor, Elizabeth Macbain, and the author of this text, Elizabeth Kidd. Elizabeth Macbain introduces the "found" journal, provides a biography of Lady Macbain and inserts historical background information on the eighteenth century, while Elizabeth Kidd (E.K.) provides background information on the cities visited, critical commentary and explanatory footnotes to the text.
    [Show full text]