DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydrocarbon Markers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydrocarbon Markers Europäisches Patentamt *EP001580254A2* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 580 254 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.7: C10L 1/00, C10L 1/22, 28.09.2005 Bulletin 2005/39 C10L 1/14 (21) Application number: 05251701.8 (22) Date of filing: 21.03.2005 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventor: Lewis, David Malcolm AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Leeds LS2 9JJ (GB) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR Designated Extension States: (74) Representative: Hill, Christopher Michael et al AL BA HR LV MK YU Page White & Farrer 54 Doughty Street (30) Priority: 25.03.2004 GB 0406770 London WC1N 2LS (GB) (71) Applicant: HM Customs & Excise Swansea SA1 8RY (GB) (54) Hydrocarbon markers (57) Provided is a compound for marking a hydrocarbon, the compound having one of the following structures, or a tautomeric form of one of the following structures: wherein R1 is a substituent that does not comprise an aromatic unit; n is 0, or is an integer of from 1-5; D is the electron donor substituent; HP is the further hydrophobic substituent; p is an integer of from 1-4; q is an integer of from 1-4; wherein p+q does not exceed 5; at least one D is an OH group; and at least one HP is a straight chain alkyl group; and provided that the compound is not the following: EP 1 580 254 A2 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) (Cont. next page) EP 1 580 254 A2 2 EP 1 580 254 A2 Description [0001] The present invention concerns marker compounds and compositions, in particular dye compounds and com- positions. The invention further concerns the use of these compounds and compositions for marking hydrocarbon fuels. 5 The invention is particularly advantageous, since the marker compounds and compositions are resistant to removal from hydrocarbons, and are also resistant to alteration or destruction to mask their marking effect. Thus, the present compounds are a significant improvement over conventional markers for identifying and marking rebated fuels or other hydrocarbons. [0002] Azo dyes were the earliest discovered solvent dyes. Because of their low cost and good solubility in many 10 solvents, they are still being widely used for many applications. One of the most important applications is the colouring of petroleum products, so that different kinds or grades of products can be distinguished. [0003] Most territories around the world, particularly the more industrialised nations, levy tax on fuels, such as gaso- line, diesel and kerosene. However, most tax regimes allow for different rates of taxation depending upon the use to which the fuel is to be put, and the individual or organisation using the fuel. For example, in many territories fuels for 15 agricultural use (e.g. in agricultural vehicles, such as tractors, or in other machinery employed in farming) are rebated in order to promote agricultural activity in the territory. In other words, the tax on fuel to be put to such uses is less than the equivalent tax levied for private use, such as in private cars or other vehicles. In some territories, the tax rebate may be different for different fuels, or there may be several levels of tax on a single fuel, depending on its uses. [0004] The structure of taxation described above has lead to a requirement to mark fuels that are taxed at a number 20 of different levels. This is required in order that the authorities can identify or detect the fuel, and determine whether it is being used lawfully, or unlawfully. Clearly, it is important to be able to determine if a rebated fuel is being used in an illegal way, such as in a private vehicle. In the past, this has been achieved in a number of ways. [0005] Initially, dyes were introduced into fuels that were to be subject to a tax rebate. The colour of the dye was selected to indicate the type of fuel and/or the level of rebate applied to that fuel. Further compounds were sometimes 25 added to the fuels as markers, or as antioxidants to preserve the colour of the dyes. For example, in the UK a red dye (often termed "Red 24"), in conjunction with a quinizarin antioxidant, has been used for many years as a marker for rebated diesel: 30 35 40 45 50 55 3 EP 1 580 254 A2 5 10 15 20 [0006] A blue dye has similarly been applied to kerosene in the UK to distinguish kerosene rebated fuel from diesel rebated fuel. [0007] Dyes and markers are not only added to rebated fuels, but may be added for other purposes. For example, in many territories dyes are added to any potentially flammable substance as a warning, for safety reasons. In the UK, a violet dye is often added to methylated spirits for this purpose. 25 [0008] A particular problem for rebated fuels is the requirement to ensure that the marker compound cannot be separated from the fuel, or rendered undetectable. If the dye or marker can be removed, or deactivated in some way, then a criminal organisation is able to buy the fuel at the rebated price and sell it on for a profit at a price below the full non-rebated price of the fuel. In many countries this has been an increasing problem as criminal gangs have found ever more sophisticated methods for processing rebated fuels to remove and/or mask dyes and markers. 30 [0009] Attempts have been made to counter these activities by introducing markers into fuels that are less visible to the naked eye or are colourless but which, for identifying rebated fuels, can be detected using standard laboratory techniques. For example, across Europe a so-called "Euromarker" has been required by law to be introduced into rebated fuels. This marker has a yellowish colour (also termed Solvent Yellow 124) that is not immediately evident to the naked eye when added in the required dilute concentration to fuels, but which can be detected very simply when 35 necessary: 40 45 50 [0010] In Somsaluay et al. "Petroleum markers synthesised from n-alkylbenzene and aniline derivatives", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2003, 42, pp 5054-5059, petroleum markers are reported. The markers are invisible at an effective usable 55 level, but are designed to give visible colours on extraction, and are proposed for use as markers in commercial fuel oils. Diazo compounds have received particular attention in the study. [0011] Published patent US 6,514,917 discloses colourless markers for petroleum products. The markers are indi- cated to be colourless in the fuel, but are designed to be extracted and then developed using a developing agent. The 4 EP 1 580 254 A2 focus of this document is on diazo compounds having a disubstituted amine-type substituent. [0012] US 5,905,043 discloses diazo-type tags for organic fluids. The tags comprise two diazo-type units linked together by an amide bond. The tags are designed to be extracted from the fluid with an alkaline aqueous extractant, and then detected. 5 [0013] US 5,827,332 discloses the use of specific azo dyes as pH dependent markers for hydrocarbons. The dyes are designed to be practically colourless in the hydrocarbon, but to exhibit strong colour when a protic acid developer is added in an alcoholic medium. The dyes employed are generally diazo compounds having a disubstituted amine- type substituent. [0014] US 4,514,226 discloses monoazo pyridine colorants. These compounds are indicated to be useful for dyeing 10 and printing polyester materials, as well as being suitable as colourants for organic solvents. [0015] Published German patent application DE 28 53 479 A1 discloses diazo dyes comprising two outer phenyl moieties and one central naphthyl moiety. The dyes may be used as colourants for mineral oil products and organic solvents. [0016] Published British patent application GB 2,018,241 discloses diazo dyes having one pyridyl moiety and one 15 phenyl or naphthyl moiety. The compounds are indicated to be useful in the selective extraction of copper from aqueous solutions comprising impurities. One of the compounds tested is 2-(2'-pyridylazo)-4-nonylphenol: 20 25 30 [0017] However, the dyes and markers disclosed in the prior art are still not entirely satisfactory. It is still possible to remove or deactivate them if sophisticated chemical processes are employed. Indeed, many of the dyes are designed to be removed before detection takes place, so that unscrupulous parties may easily remove the marker, provided that 35 they are aware of its presence. In recent years a number of criminals have been apprehended after illegally removing or deactivating dyes and markers from rebated fuel in the UK and across Europe. Therefore, there is still a requirement to produce improved markers and/or dyes for use in rebated fuels. [0018] It is therefore an aim of this invention to solve the problems of the prior art set out above. It is a further aim of this invention to provide improved marker compounds for marking hydrocarbon fuels, such as rebated gasoline, 40 diesel, paraffin and kerosene. It is a still further aim of this invention to provide methods for synthesising such markers, and to provide compositions comprising these markers, which can be added to hydrocarbons, but which are not easily removed from the hydrocarbons. [0019] Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound for marking a hydrocarbon, the compound having one of the following structures, or a tautomeric form of one of the following structures: 45 50 55 5 EP 1 580 254 A2 5 10 wherein R1 is a substituent that does not comprise an aromatic unit; n is 0, or is an integer of from 1-5; D is the electron donor substituent; HP is the further hydrophobic substituent; p is an integer of from 1-4; q is an integer of from 1-4; wherein p+q does not exceed 5; at least one D is an OH group; and at least one HP is a straight chain alkyl group; and provided that the compound is not the following: 15 20 25 [0020] In the context of the present invention, this formula is intended to include and/or extend to all tautomeric forms 30 of the above compounds.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Article Download
    wjpls, 2019, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 73-79 Research Article ISSN 2454-2229 Ali et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical World Journal and Life of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Life Sciences WJPLS www.wjpls.org SJIF Impact Factor: 5.008 MODIFICATION OF WOOL AND SILK FIBERS BY PRETREATMENT WITH QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT AND DYEING WITH NEW METAL COMPLEX DYE N.F.Ali*, E.M.EL-Khatib and Saadia A. Abd El-Megied Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. *Corresponding Author: Dr. N. F. Ali Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Mail ID: [email protected] Article Received on 11/12/2018 Article Revised on 02/01/2019 Article Accepted on 23/01/2019 ABSTRACT Our present study focuses mainly on the synthesis and dyeing of azo metal complex on silk and wool fibers. The present paper describes the synthesis of a new metal complex acid dye obtained from the reaction of acid red 151 2+ 1 with a metallic ion (Co ), and its structure was confirmed by HNMR and IR spectroscopy. The pretreatment of silk and wool fibers by quaternary ammonium salt was carried out by conventional and microwave methods. The absorbance of the original and residual dye in the dye bath calculated from dye exhaustion. The color data of untreated and pretreated silk and wool fibers at different conditions was calculated. The fastness properties of washing, rubbing, perspiration and light to dyed fibers have been measured. KEYWORDS: Synthesis dye, metal complex, wool fiber, silk fiber. INTRODUCTION research (Gaber et al., 2007; Patel et al., 2010; Kaim, 2002), the most common being those containing a hetero Azo dyes and their derivatives have attracted growing nitrogen atom in a position adjacent to the azo group interest over the years because of their versatile (Patel et al.,2011; Karcı, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • 145 Aromatic Amines: Use in Azo Dye Chemistry Harold S. Freema
    [Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 18, 145-164, January 1, 2013] Aromatic amines: use in azo dye chemistry Harold S. Freeman North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, USA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. Structural nature 2.2. Formation 3. Properties 3.1. Chemical 3.2. Azo dye formation 3.3. Genotoxicity 4. Influence on dye properties 4.1. Color 4.2. Coloration (dye-polymer affinity) 4.3. Technical properties 4.3.1. Wet fastness 4.3.2. Light fastness 4.3.3. Ozone fastness 5. Summary 6. Acknowledgement 7. References 1. ABSTRACT This chapter provides an overview of the Aromatic amines used in azo dye formation are chemical structures and properties of aromatic amines and 4n plus 2 pi-electron systems in which a primary (–NH2), their role in the development and utility of azo dyes. secondary (–NHR), or tertiary (–NR2) amino group is Approaches to the design of environmentally benign attached to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Their alternatives to genotoxic primary aromatic amines, as azo structures are manifold and include amino-substituted dye precursors, are included. benzenes, naphthalenes, and heterocycles such as those shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. As the representative 2. INTRODUCTION structures suggest, aromatic amines can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic, simple or complex, and vary widely in 2.1. Structural nature electronic (donor/acceptor) properties. In the sections that Azo dyes comprise about two-thirds of all follow, it will be shown that their structural nature synthetic dyes, making them by far the most widely used determines the types of substrates that have affinity for the and structurally diverse class of organic dyes in commerce resultant azo dyes and the technical properties of the (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Reaction Mechanism of Azoreductases Suggests Convergent Evolution with Quinone Oxidoreductases
    Protein Cell 2010, 1(8): 780–790 Protein & Cell DOI 10.1007/s13238-010-0090-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Reaction mechanism of azoreductases suggests convergent evolution with quinone oxidoreductases ✉ Ali Ryan*, Chan-Ju Wang*, Nicola Laurieri*, Isaac Westwood, Edith Sim Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK ✉ Correspondence: [email protected] Received June 2, 2010 Accepted June 28, 2010 ABSTRACT the dye used for dying fabrics does not bind to the fabric, and as a result, is lost in the effluent (Shore, 1995). As these dyes Azoreductases are involved in the bioremediation by can be carcinogenic (Alves de Lima et al., 2007) their removal bacteria of azo dyes found in waste water. In the gut flora, from the effluent is essential. This has driven investigations they activate azo pro-drugs, which are used for treatment into both electrochemical reduction of azo dyes (Wang et al., of inflammatory bowel disease, releasing the active 2010b), as well as the use of both aerobic and anaerobic component 5-aminosalycilic acid. The bacterium bacteria for bioremediation (dos Santos et al., 2007; You et P. aeruginosa has three azoreductase genes, paAzoR1, al., 2007). paAzoR2 and paAzoR3, which as recombinant enzymes Azo bonds are also found in some drugs including those have been shown to have different substrate specifici- used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ties. The mechanism of azoreduction relies upon tauto- Azo compounds have also been shown to be effective merisation of the substrate to the hydrazone form. We antibacterial (Farghaly and Abdalla, 2009) and antitumor (El- report here the characterization of the P.
    [Show full text]
  • Detoxification of Azo Dyes by Bacterial Oxidoreductase Enzymes
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Bacterial diversity and composition in major fresh produce growing soils affected by physiochemical properties and geographic locations. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2756h6h9 Authors Ma, Jincai Ibekwe, A Mark Yang, Ching-Hong et al. Publication Date 2016-09-01 DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.122 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California http://informahealthcare.com/bty ISSN: 0738-8551 (print), 1549-7801 (electronic) Crit Rev Biotechnol, Early Online: 1–13 ! 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1004518 REVIEW ARTICLE Detoxification of azo dyes by bacterial oxidoreductase enzymes Shahid Mahmood1, Azeem Khalid1, Muhammad Arshad2, Tariq Mahmood1, and David E. Crowley3 1Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 2Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and 3Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA Abstract Keywords Azo dyes and their intermediate degradation products are common contaminants of soil and Aromatic compounds, Azo dyes, groundwater in developing countries where textile and leather dye products are produced. The bioremediation, toxicity, wastewater toxicity of azo dyes is primarily associated with their molecular structure, substitution groups and reactivity. To avoid contamination of natural resources and to minimize risk to human History
    [Show full text]
  • Aromatic Amines from Azo Dye Reduction: Status Review with Emphasis on Direct UV Spectrophotometric Detection in Textile Industry Wastewaters
    Dyes and Pigments 61 (2004) 121–139 www.elsevier.com/locate/dyepig Aromatic amines from azo dye reduction: status review with emphasis on direct UV spectrophotometric detection in textile industry wastewaters H.M. Pinheiroa, E. Touraudb,*, O. Thomasb aCentro de Engenharia Biolo´gica e Quı´mica, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal bLaboratoire de Ge´nie de l’Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d’Ale`s, 6 Avenue de Clavie`res, 30319 Ale`s Cedex, France Received 28 July 2003; received in revised form 10 October 2003; accepted 17 October 2003 Abstract The present status of origins, known hazards, release restrictions and environmental fate of aromatic amines is reviewed. The specific case of aromatic amines arising from the reduction of the azo bond of azo colorants is addressed, with emphasis on the recalcitrance of azo dyes, their demonstrated vulnerability to azo bond reduction through dif- ferent mechanisms and the lack of data on the biodegradability of the resulting amines. The evolution and present array of analysis methods for aromatic amines in water samples is reviewed, highlighting the increased sophistication and sensitivity attained, and referring a few efforts towards fast analysis methodologies. The case for the application of direct ultraviolet spectral analysis with advanced deconvolution techniques for the monitoring of aromatic amines in textile effluent treatment is presented. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Aromatic amines; Azo dyes; Hazards; Textile wastewater; Analysis; UV spectra 1. Origin and types of aromatic amines in the some examples of environmentally or health-rela- environment ted important amines together with their major origins and potential impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Removal of Azo Dyes: a Review Pradeep Kumar Singh and Ram Lakhan Singh*
    P.K. Singh and R.L. Singh (2017) Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 108-126 DOI: 10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.16881 Review Article Bio-removal of Azo Dyes: A Review Pradeep Kumar Singh and Ram Lakhan Singh* Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India *Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] Abstract Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, paper, food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries with the textile industry as the largest consumer. Among all the available synthetic dyes, azo dyes are the largest group of dyes used in textile industry. Textile dyeing and finishing processes generate a large amount of dye containing wastewater which is one of the main sources of water pollution problems worldwide. Several physico-chemical methods have been applied to the treatment of textile wastewater but these methods have many limitations due to high cost, low efficiency and secondary pollution problems. As an alternative to physico-chemical methods, biological methods comprise bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and plants and their enzymes which received increasing interest due to their cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Decolorization of azo dyes by biological processes may take place either by biosorption or biodegradation. A variety of reductive and oxidative enzymes may also be involved in the degradation of dyes. This review provides an overview of decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by biological processes and establishes the fact that these microbial and plant cells are significantly effective biological weapon against the toxic azo dyes. Keywords: azo dye; microorganism; decolorization; biosorption; enzyme; nanoparticle dyeing process goes unbound with the textile fibers and Introduction are discharged into the environment (Asad et al., 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • (Azo Resorcinol) Dyes
    IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.Volume 9, Issue 2 Ver. I (Feb. 2016), PP 14-19 www.iosrjournals.org Positive Dye Photoresist Compositions With 2, 4, 6-tris (phenylazo) resorcinol and phenyl-1, 3-bis (azo resorcinol) Dyes Dipak Kumar Mukhopadhyay Institute of Science & Technology, C.K.Town, West Bengal,721201, India Abstract: Novolac resin with the mixture of ortho,meta and para cresol has been synthesized. 1-oxo-2 diazo naphthalene-5 –sulfonyl chloride-has been synthesized and its corresponding sulfonate esters with 2,3,4- trihydroxy benzophenone,2 ,4,6-trihydroxy benzophenone,4,4’-dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone and the corresponding sulphonamides with 4,4’-diamino diphenyl methane,4,4’-diamino diphenyl sulfone have been synthesized.Two new azo dyes namely 2,4,6- tris (phenylazo) resorcinol and phenyl-1,3-bis (azoresorcinol)have been synthesized. The photoresist film have been casted on silicon wafer by mixing novolac resin, diazonaphthaquinone sulfonate esters or sulphonamides and the corresponding azo dye in the solvent mixture of acetone, xylene and ethyl acetate. After soft baking,the film are irradiated upon UV radiation exposure. After irradiation, the exposed regions are soluble in aqueous alkaline developer. Key Words: Novolac resin,1-oxo-2-diazo naphthalence-5-sulfonyl chloride,sulfonate esters ,sulphonamides, 2,4,6-tris (phenylazo) resorcinol dye,phenyl-1,3-bis(azo resorcinol) dye, UV irradiation. I. Introduction: Microcircuit fabrication requires that precisely controlled quantities of impurities be introduced into tiny regions of the silicon substrates, and subsequently these regions must be interconnected to create components and VLSI circuits.
    [Show full text]
  • Azo Dye Synthesis for Schools
    Azo dye synthesis for schools Dyes Many early dyes were made from plants. Alizarin is an example extracted from the madder root. Alizarin only sticks fast to cloth which has been impregnated with a metal compound such as aluminium sulphate. The process is called mordanting. The colour obtained depends on the mordant used. An aluminium mordant gives a red colour, tin (II) give a pink colour and iron (II) gives a brown colour. Mordanting takes place under alkaline conditions so that the metal hydroxide is precipitated in the fibres. The metal ions firmly attach themselves to the cloth and then bind the dye molecules by forming chelate rings. A range of dyes have been developed based on phenylamine (aniline) as the starting material known as azo dyes. Phenylamine reacts with a solution of sodium nitrate (III) and hydrochloric acid at a temperature below 5oC (remember keeping that test-tube in ice?) to produce benzene diazonium chloride. This type of reaction is known as diazotisation. The hydrochloric acid first reacts with sodium nitrate (III) to form unstable nitrous acid. NaNO2(aq) + HCl(aq) HNO2(aq) + NaCl(aq) The nitrous acid then reacts with the amine. + HNO2 + HCl + 2H2O benzenediazonium chloride If the temperature is allowed to rise above 5oC, the benzenediazonium chloride decomposes to form phenol and nitrogen gas is given off. If the benzenediazonium chloride is reacted with another compound containing a benzene ring, called a coupling agent, an azo compound is produced. The diazonium salt acts as an electrophile. Phenols and amines are often used as coupling compounds. Many of the products are important dyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.A REVIEW on EFFICACIOUS METHODS TO
    Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering E-ISSN: 1982-3932 [email protected] Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Vijayaraghavan, Jagadeesan; Sardhar Basha, S. J.; Jegan, Josephraj A REVIEW ON EFFICACIOUS METHODS TO DECOLORIZE REACTIVE AZO DYE Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, vol. 7, núm. 1, -, 2013, pp. 30-47 Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=283227995005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Vijayaraghavan, Basha and Jegan 30 Journal of Urban and Environmental Journal of Urban and E Engineering, v.7, n.1, p.30-47 Environmental Engineering ISSN 1982-3932 J www.journal-uee.org E doi: 10.4090/ juee.2013.v7n1.030047 U A REVIEW ON EFFICACIOUS METHODS TO DECOLORIZE REACTIVE AZO DYE 1 2 1 Jagadeesan Vijayaraghavan , S. J. Sardhar Basha and Josephraj Jegan 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, University college of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Anna University, University college of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, India Received 2 June 2012; received in revised form 28 March 2013; accepted 13 April 2013 Abstract: This paper deals with the intensive review of reactive azo dye, Reactive Black 5. Various physicochemical methods namely photo catalysis, electrochemical, adsorption, hydrolysis and biological methods like microbial degradation, biosorption and bioaccumulation have been analyzed thoroughly along with the merits and demerits of each method. Among these various methods, biological treatment methods are found to be the best for decolorization of Reactive Black 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoremediation of Textile Effluent: a Toxicological Evaluation and Its Possible Correlation with COD
    Mycoremediation of Textile Euent: A Toxicological Evaluation and its Possible Correlation with COD Geetanjali Rajhans Siksha O Anusandhan University Adyasa Barik Siksha O Anusandhan University Sudip Sen Biostadt India Ltd. Amrita Masanta Siksha O Anusandhan University Naresh Sahoo Siksha O Anusandhan University Sangeeta Raut ( [email protected] ) Siksha O Anusandhan University Research Article Keywords: BOD, COD, Color, LC-MS, Toxicity, XRD Posted Date: March 26th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-356935/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Scientic Reports on August 5th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94666-8. 1 Mycoremediation of textile effluent: A toxicological evaluation and its possible correlation with COD 2 Geetanjali Rajhansa, Adyasa Barika, Sudip Kumar Senb, Amrita Masantaa, Naresh Kumar Sahooc, Sangeeta Rauta* 3 aCenter for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), 4 Bhubaneswar -751003, Odisha, India 5 bBiostadt India Limited, Waluj, Aurangabad-431136, Maharashtra, India 6 cDepartment of Chemistry, ITER, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar -751003, Odisha, 7 India 8 9 *Corresponding author: Center for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan 10 (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar -751003, Odisha, India 11 Email address: [email protected] (S. Raut), 9438450789 12 13 Abstract 14 15 Globally, textile industries are one of the major sectors releasing dye pollutants. This is the first report on the 16 positive correlation between toxicity and COD of textile effluent along with the proposed pathway for enzymatic 17 degradation of acid orange 10 using Geotrichum candidum within a very short stretch of time (18h).
    [Show full text]
  • Runaway Reaction During Production of an Azo Dye Intermediate
    SYMPOSIUM SERIES No. 148 © 2001 IChemE RUNAWAY REACTION DURING PRODUCTION OF AN AZO DYE INTERMEDIATE. Stafford Partington* and Simon Waldram+ *Holliday Dyes and Chemicals, P.O. Box B22, Leeds Road, Huddersfield, HD2 1UH +Hazard Evaluation Laboratory, 50 Moxon Street, Barnet, HERTS, EN5 5TS On Sunday 9th June 1996 a violent runaway reaction occurred in a 2.3 m3 Pfaudler reactor creating a high pressure that led to rupture of the vessel: consequential damage to equipment and buildings was very significant. This paper provides explanations of how and why this accident occurred. At the time of the incident a diazonium ion was being produced for subsequent decomposition to form a phenol. The process had been carried out many hundreds of times before without incident. A combination of isothermal and adiabatic calorimetry was subsequently used to study the thermochemistry of both the desired synthesis reaction, and the undesired decomposition reaction. Plant simulation studies based on this experimental data were then used as an aid to analysing and understanding the events leading up to the accident. In due course the plant was rebuilt and production resumed: some of the strategies used to reduce both the hazards and risks associated with renewed production are discussed. A summary of the overall business impact of the accident is presented. Keywords: reactor, exotherm, runaway, decomposition, diazonium, adiabatic, calorimetry, business impact INTRODUCTION HOLLIDAY DYES AND CHEMICALS The Holliday company began in 1830 when Read Holliday established a factory in Huddersfield producing ammonia from coal tar waste residues. This was followed in 1856 with the production of magenta and other dyestuffs.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Azo Dye Restriction in the International Textile Industry
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Apparel Merchandising and Product Apparel Merchandising and Product Development Undergraduate Honors Theses Development 5-2021 Comparative Analysis of Azo Dye Restriction in the International Textile Industry Kayla DeMark Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/ampduht Part of the Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons, Environmental Health Commons, Fashion Business Commons, Materials Chemistry Commons, Sustainability Commons, and the Toxicology Commons Citation DeMark, K. (2021). Comparative Analysis of Azo Dye Restriction in the International Textile Industry. Apparel Merchandising and Product Development Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/ampduht/17 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Apparel Merchandising and Product Development at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Apparel Merchandising and Product Development Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparative Analysis of Azo Dye Restriction in the International Textile Industry Kayla DeMark University of Arkansas Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]