Cupa Mondială Şi Numele De Referinţă Ale Acesteia Pentru Schiul Fond Feminin Şi Masculin

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Cupa Mondială Şi Numele De Referinţă Ale Acesteia Pentru Schiul Fond Feminin Şi Masculin CUPA MONDIALĂ ŞI NUMELE DE REFERINŢĂ ALE ACESTEIA PENTRU SCHIUL FOND FEMININ ŞI MASCULIN Prof. univ. dr. Pelin Florin A.N.E.F.S. Bucureşti Cuvinte cheie: apariţie, perspective, titluri, victorii Introducere În acest eseu se redau în câteva cuvinte şi tabele ceea ce s-a întâmplat în cadrul Cupei Mondiale în schiul fond, de la debutul acesteia până acum. Debutul competiţiilor oficiale din schiul fond a avut loc la începutul celei de a doua decade a secolului XX. Conţinut Înfiinţarea Federaţiei Internaţionale de Schi (FIS), în 1924, a contribuit enorm în dezvoltarea schiului ca sport, în general, şi ca disciplină olimpică, în special. Încă de la prima ediţie a J.O. de iarnă de la Chamonix (1924) schiul fond a fost prezent cu două probe masculine – o probă de 15 km şi una de 50 km, medaliaţii ambelor probe fiind fondişti norvegieni. La C.M. din 1982 medaliile au fost adjudecate predominant de fondiştii din ţările nordice, dar trebuie precizat faptul ca printre medaliaţi apare americanul Bill Koch. Merită subliniată contribuţia lui B. Koch în revoluţia care urma să apară în tehnica schiuluzi fond, plus meritul acestuia de a câştiga primul glob mare de cristal al Cupei Mondiale. La J.O. din 1984 apar nume de referinţă ale schiului fond, ca de pildă suedezul G. Svan, multiplu medaliat mondial şi olimpic şi câştigător al globului cel mare de cristal de cinci ori. În 1988 se evidenţiază sovieticii, cel mai titrat dintre ei fiind Smirnov, câştigător de 2 ori al Cupei Mondiale, multiplu medaliat mondial şi olimpic. În 1989 se pune punct disputei în ce priveşte regulamentul şi apar programări pentru stilul clasic şi stilul liber. Anul 1991 îl aduce în prim plan pe cel care urma să devină cel mai bun fondist al tuturor timpurilor, respectiv norvegianul B. Daehlie, cel care deţine recordul la numărul de trofee şi globuri de cristal. Constatări şi concluzii Evenimentul care a permis deschiderea schiului spre dimensiunile planetare de astăzi, a fost crearea, în 1982, a Cupei Mondiale de Schi Fond. Cupa Mondială a văzut lumina zilei datorită unei conjuncturi favorabile iar numele ei, revolutionar la acea dată, precum şi rezonanţa acestuia: World Cup, Coupe du Monde, Weltcup, a făcut ca interesul pentru noua formă competiţională din schiul alpin să atingă cote superioare încă înaintea desfăşurării primelor curse. Relevant este faptul că, în 1966, în afară de Cupa Mondială de Fotbal, nici un alt sport nu avea un sistem competiţional care să poarte un nume de asemenea rezonanţă, şi că celelalte sporturi, trecând prin atletism, ciclism, navigaţie, etc. şi cuprinzând şi celelalte sporturi de iarnă, cum ar fi săriturile, biatlonul, schiul fond ş.a., s-au inspirat toate după numele şi forma organizatorică a Cupei Mondiale de Schi Alpin. Anterior înfiinţării noii forme competiţionale, cursele de schi nu erau foarte bine organizate, excepţie făcând competiţiile majore care erau Jocurile Olimpice şi Campionatele Mondiale care aveau un mare succes în media şi se bucurau de un important suport popular. Clasamentul Cupei Mondiale la feminin arată în felul următor: Nr. Editii Anul Locul I Locul II Locul III 1 1982 Berit Aunlli Kvello - NOR Britt Pettersen - NOR Kveta Jeriova - CZE 2 1983 Mari Haemaelaeinen - FIN Britt Pettersen - NOR Kveta Jeriova - CZE 3 1984 Mari Haemaelaeinen - FIN Raisa Smetania - SOV Anne Johren - NOR 4 1985 Anette Boe - NOR Grete Ingeborg N. - NOR Britt Pettersen - NOR 5 1986 Marja Matikanen - FIN Marianne Dahlma - NOR Britt Pettersen - NOR 6 1987 Marja Matikanen - FIN Anfisa Reztsova - SOV Marianne Dahlma - NOR 7 1988 Marja Matikanen - FIN Helene Oestlund - SWE M. L. Haemaelaeinen - FIN 8 1989 Elena Vaelbe - RUS Alzbeta Havrancilova - SVK Tamara Tichonova - SOV 9 1990 Larisa Lazutina - RUS Elena Vaelbe - RUS Trude Hartz - NOR 10 1991 Elena Vaelbe - RUS Stefania Belmondo - ITA Lyubov Egorova - RUS 11 1992 Elena Vaelbe - RUS Stefania Belmondo - ITA Lyubov Egorova - RUS 12 1993 Lyubov Egorova - RUS Elena Vaelbe - RUS Stefania Belmondo - ITA 13 1994 Manuela Di Centa - ITA Lyubov Egorova - RUS Elena Vaelbe - RUS 14 1995 Elena Vaelbe - RUS Nina Gavriliuk - RUS Larisa Lazutina - RUS 15 1996 Manuela Di Centa - ITA Elena Vaelbe - RUS Larisa Lazutina - RUS 16 1997 Elena Vaelbe - RUS Stefania Belmondo - ITA Katerina Neumanova - CZE 17 1998 Larisa Lazutina - RUS Bente Skari - NOR Stefania Belmondo - ITA 18 1999 Stefania Belmondo - ITA Bente Skari - NOR Nina Gavriliuk - RUS 19 2000 Bente Skari - NOR Kristina Smigun - EST Larisa Lazutina - RUS 20 2001 Julia Tchepalova - RUS Bente Skari - NOR Larisa Lazutina - RUS 21 2002 Bente Skari - NOR Katerina Neumanova - CZE Stefania Belmondo - ITA 22 2003 Bente Skari - NOR Kristina Smigun - EST Gabriela Paruzzi - ITA 23 2004 Gabriela Paruzzi - ITA Marit Bjoergen - NOR Valentina Shevchenko - UKR 24 2005 Marit Bjoergen - NOR Katerina Neumanova - CZE Virpi Kuitunen - FIN 25 2006 Marit Bjoergen - NOR Beckie Scott - CAN Julia Tchepalova - RUS 26 2007 Virpi Kuitunen - FIN Marit Bjoergen - NOR Katerina Neumanova - CZE 27 2008 Virpi Kuitunen - FIN Astrid Jacobsen - NOR Charlotte Kalla - SWE RUS=9; NOR=7; FIN=7; ITA=4 Cele mai multe globuri mari de cristal au fost adjudecate de Elena Vaelbe din Rusia, acestea fiind în număr de 5. De altfel rusoaicele domină acest clasament, acestea fiind primele şi într-un clasament al tuturor timpurilor în ceea ce priveşte numărul de trofee pentru această disciplină sportivă. Avem apoi două fondiste care şi-au adjudecat câte trei globuri mari de cristal, acestea fiind: Marja Matikanen (FIN) şi Bente Skari (NOR). Se mai observă în tabel că sunt competitoare care au câte unul sau două globuri mari de cristal. Mai este de semnalat faptul că sunt sportive care au clasări pe al doilea şi al treilea loc de mai multe ori, acestea neavând nici un glob de cristal în ierarhia generală a Cupei Mondiale. Pentru masculin clasamentul arată în felul următor: Nr. Ediţii Anul Locul I Locul II Locul III 1 1982 Bill Kock - USA Thomas Wassberg - SWE Harri Kirvesniemi - FIN 2 1983 Alexander Savialov - SOV Gunde Svan - SWE Bill Kock - USA 3 1984 Gunde Svan - SWE Thomas Wassberg - SWE Harri Kirvesniemi - FIN 4 1985 Gunde Svan - SWE Tor Haaxen Holte - NOR Thomas Wassberg - SWE 5 1986 Gunde Svan - SWE Torgny Mogren - SWE Vladimir Smirnov - SOV 6 1987 Torgny Mogren - SWE Thomas Wassberg - SWE Gunde Svan - SWE 7 1988 Gunde Svan - SWE Torgny Mogren - SWE Paal Gunnar Mikkelsplars - NOR 8 1989 Gunde Svan - SWE Vegard Ulvang - NOR Torgny Mogren - SWE 9 1990 Vegard Ulvang - NOR Gunde Svan - SWE Bjoern Daehlie - NOR 10 1991 Vladimir Smirnov - SOV Torgny Mogren - SWE Vegard Ulvang - NOR 11 1992 Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Vegard Ulvang - NOR Vladimir Smirnov - SOV 12 1993 Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Vladimir Smirnov - SOV Vegard Ulvang - NOR 13 1994 Vladimir Smirnov - SOV Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Jari Isometsae - FIN 14 1995 Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Vladimir Smirnov - SOV Silvio Fauner - ITA 15 1996 Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Vladimir Smirnov - SOV Jari Isometsae - FIN 16 1997 Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Mika Myllylae - FIN Fulvio Valbusa - ITA 17 1998 Thomas Alsgaard - NOR Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Vladimir Smirnov - SOV 18 1999 Bjoern Daehlie - NOR Mikhail Botvinov - AUT Mika Myllylae - FIN 19 2000 Johan Muehlegg - SPA Jari Isometsae - FIN Byoerm Hjelmeset - NOR 20 2001 Per Elofsson - SWE Johan Muehlegg - SPA Thomas Alsgaard - NOR 21 2002 Per Elofsson - SWE Thomas Alsgaard - NOR Anders Aukland - NOR 22 2003 Mathias Fredriksson - SWE Rene Sommerfeldt - GER Yoergen Brink - SWE 23 2004 Rene Sommerfeldt - GER Mathias Fredriksson - SWE Jens Arne Svartedal - NOR 24 2005 Axel Teichman - GER Vincent Vittoz - FRA Tor Arne Hetland - NOR 25 2006 Tobias Angeren - GER Jens Arne Svartedal - NOR Tor Arne Hetland - NOR 26 2007 Tobias Angeren - GER Legkov Alexander - RUS Roenning Eldar - NOR 27 2008 Lukas Bauer - CZE Rene Sommerfeldt GER Tor Arne Hetland - NOR Numărul maxim de globuri mari de cristal adjudecate de un singur schior fondist este de 6 şi îi aparţine norvegianului Bjorn Daehlie. Acesta mai deţine un alt record, greu de egalat în schiul fond, şi anume 8 medalii de aur la J.O. Un singur câştigător al globului de cristal este de pe continentul american, în rest ţările de pe bătrânul continent şi-au adjudecat globul de cristal după cum urmează: SWE =9; NOR=8; RUS=3; GER=3; SPA=1; USA=1; CZE=1 În privinţa medaliilor, în fruntea clasamentului se află tot ţările nordice, conducând detaşat faţă de urmăritori care practic au şanse minime de a-i detrona. Începând cu ediţia numărul IX a J.O. de iarnă, pentru schiul fond, sunt în programul olimpic şase probe. Astfel, odată cu apariţia probelor de sprint a devenit şi schiul fond un spectacol pentru iubitorii sporturilor de iarnă. Bibliografie - F.I.S. World schi statistics, Redaktion, CH-3653 Oberhofen, 2006 - xxx Anuar F.I.S. - xxx World Ski Statistics F.I.S. Abstract The first purpose of this constatative paper is presenting the evolution of the most valuable during the World Cup. The revealed dates are from 1982 until present. On the other side the paper relief the fast and future evolutive directions of the highest women and mens cross-country performance. .
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