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A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons IRCS Technical Reports Series Institute for Research in Cognitive Science August 1998 A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English The XTAG Research Group University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports Research Group, The XTAG, "A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English" (1998). IRCS Technical Reports Series. 63. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/63 University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-98-18. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/63 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English Abstract This document describes a sizable grammar of English written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system. This report and the grammar described herein supersedes the TAG grammar described in [XTAG-Group,1995]. The English grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism developed in [Joshi et al., 1975], which has been extended to include lexicalization ([Schabes et al., 1998]) and unification-based eaturf e structures ([Vijay-Shanker and Joshi, 1991]). The range of syntactic phenomena that can be handled is large and includes auxiliaries (including inversion), copula, raising and small clause constructions, topicalization, relative clauses, infinitives, gerunds, passives, adjuncts, it-clefts, wh-clefts, PRO constructions, noun-noun modifications, extraposition, determiner sequences, genitives, negation, noun-verb contractions, sentential adjuncts and imperatives. This technical report corresponds to the XTAG Release 8/31/98. The XTAG grammar is continuously updated with the addition of new analyses and modification of old ones, and an online ersionv of this report can be found at the XTAG web page: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~xtag/. Comments University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-98-18. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/63 A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English The XTAG Research Group Institute for Research in Cognitive Science University of Pennsylvania Walnut St Suite A Philadelphia PA httpwwwcisupennedu xta g August Contents I General Information Getting Around FeatureBased Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars TAG formalism Lexicalization Unicationbased features Overview of the XTAG System System Description Tree Selection Tree Database Tree Grafting The Grammar DevelopmentEnvironment Computer Platform Underview Sub categorization Frames Complements and Adjuncts NonS constituents Case Assignment Approaches to Case Case in GB theory Minimalism and Case Case in XTAG Case Assigners Prep ositions Verbs PRO in a unication based framework II Verb Classes Where to Find What i Verb Classes Intransitive TnxV Transitive TnxVnx Ditransitive TnxVnxnx Ditransitive with PP TnxVnxpnx Ditransitive with PP shift TnxVnxtonx Sentential Complement with NP TnxVnxs IntransitiveV erb Particle TnxVpl TransitiveVerb Particle TnxVplnx DitransitiveVerb Particle TnxVplnxnx Intransitive with PP TnxVpnx Predicative Multiword with Verb Prep anchors TnxVPnx Sentential Complement TnxVs Intransitive with Adjective TnxVax TransitiveSentential Sub ject TsVnx LightVerbs TnxlVN DitransitiveLightVerbs with PP Shift TnxlVNPnx NP ItCleft TItVnxs PP ItCleft TItVpnxs Adverb ItCleft TItVads ree TnxAx Adjective Small Clause T Adjective Small Clause with Sentential Complement TnxAs Adjective Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject TsAx Equative BE TnxBEnx NP Small Clause TnxN NP Small Clause with Sentential Complement TnxNs NP Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject TsN PP Small Clause TnxPnx Exhaustive PP Small Clause TnxPx PP Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject TsPnx IntransitiveSentential Sub ject TsV Sentential Sub ject with to complement TsVtonx PP Small Clause with Adv and Prep anchors TnxARBPnx PP Small Clause with Adj and Prep anchors TnxAPnx PP Small Clause with Noun and Prep anchors TnxNPnx PP Small Clause with Prep anchors TnxPPnx PP Small Clause with Prep and Noun anchors TnxPNaPnx PP Small Clause with Sen tential Sub ject and Adv and Prep anchors TsARBPnx PP Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject and Adj and Prep anchors TsAPnx PP Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject and Noun and Prep anchors TsNPnx PP Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject and Prep anchors TsPPnx PP Small Clause with Sentential Sub ject and Prep and Noun anchors TsPNaPnx Predicative Adjective with Sentential Sub ject and Complement TsAs Lo cative Small Clause with Ad anchor TnxnxARB Exceptional Case Marking TXnxVs ii Idiom with V D and N anchors TnxVDN Idiom with V D A and N anchors TnxVDAN Idiom with V and N anchors TnxVN Idiom with V A and N anchors TnxVAN Idiom with V D A N and Prep anchors TnxVDANPnx Idiom with V A N and Prep anchors TnxVANPnx Idiom with V N and Prep anchors TnxVNPnx Idiom with V D N and Prep anchors TnxVDNPnx Ergatives Sentential Sub jects and Sentential Complements S or VP complements Complementizers and Emb edded Clauses in English The Data Features Required Distribution of Complementizers Case assignment for and the two to s Sentential Complements of Verbs Exceptional Case Marking Verbs Sentential Sub jects Nouns and Prep ositions taking Sentential Complements PRO control Typ es of control A featurebased analysis of PROcontrol The nature of the control feature Longdistance transmission of control features Lo cality constraints on control Rep orted sp eech The English Copula Raising Verbs and Small Clauses Usages of the copula raising verbs and small clauses Copula Raising Verbs Small Clauses Raising Adjectives Various Analyses Main Verb Raising to INFL Small Clause Auxiliary Null Copula Auxiliary Predicative Phrase Auxiliary Small Clause XTAG analysis Nonpredicative BE Ditransitive constructions and dative shift Itclefts iii III Sentence Typ es Passives Extraction Topicalization and the value of the inv feature Extracted sub jects Whmoved NP complement Whmoved ob ject.
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