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Tie Scciwic Dow Rovre

VANCOUVER BANFF CALGARY REGINA WINNIPEG FORT WILLIAM SUDBURY OTTAWA MONTREAL • • • I MN= • Vancouver, end of steel for the world's first trans- continenta l railway, is 's gateway to the Orient and the South Pacific. Canadian Pacific "Empresses of the Air" fly passengers north to the Orient, south to Hawaii, Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Peru — north to the Arctic. Vancouver's golf courses, parks, fine buildings, sea beaches and pleasant climate attract visitors from many countries. Fast Canadian Pacific "Princess" liners, from piers a stone's throw from the station, give fast day and night service to Seattle, Nanaimo and Victoria on pleasant Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, British Columbia ports and Alaska.

Vancouver

VANCOUVER NANAINIO

sEATTLE

Princess liner near Victoria

Victoria, temperate capital of British Columbia, is the entrance to the year-round playground of Vancouver Island. Here The Empress, westernmost of the Canadian Pacific chain of hotels from sea I sa. 0 Alec, i•• •• I •St• • 11 14 IOW • to sea, vine-clad, set in its own 101/2-acre garden .6 • 41 11110 04„ VA It I II A 1 facing the harbour, close to business and shopping IVA Itioto , centres, is the focal point of local society, head- quarters for visitors. Golf, motoring, tennis, sailing, swimming, riding, picturesque parks and scenic drives are the background of a holiday life that includes shopping for woollens, diamonds, silver- ware, linens and many other imports.

The Empress Hotel, Victoria 2 Across Canada by Canadian Pacific

c.,

ca -s?

MONTREAL

to SAINT) to 4,14,8e4, to SAULT STE. MARIE A HALIFAX 0/44 c.8 ICAGO TORONTO to DETROIT

Travel, even the luxurious travel of today in the TABLE OF CONTENTS comfort of Canadian Pacific Scenic Domes, is an Vancouver-China Bar Page 4 adventure. Travel, the Canadian Pacific way from North Bend-Drynoch Page 5 tidewater to tidewater across the wide provinces Spence's Bridge-Tranquille Page 6 of British Columbia, , Saskatchewan, Mani- Kamtoops- Tappen Page 7 toba, Ontario and Quebec, is an adventure in Salmon Arm-Three Valley Page 8 which the traveller of today retraces the trails Revelstoke-Moberly Page 9 blazed in a glorious past through the promise of a Golden-Field Page 10 boundless future. Hector- Page 11 Banff-Robertson Page 12 The Canadian Pacific transcontinental main line Cal gary-Redcliff Page 13 parallels in this 20th Century the routes of many Medicine Hat-Boharm Page 16 brave and pious explorers of the 17th Century. Moose Jaw-Kemnay Page 17 It retraces the journeyings of such heroes as Brandon-Keewatin Page 18 Thompson, Fraser, Mackenzie, Joliet, LaSalle, Kenora- West Fort William Page 19 Radisson, Pere Marquette, Champlain, Nicolet and Fort William-Regan Page 20 Du Lhut, whose names are imprinted indissolubly White River-Sudbury Page 21 upon the histories of Canada and the United States. Romford-Toronto Pages 22-23 Rom ford-Montreal Pages 24-26 Explorers of the river routes that first opened -Coquihalla Canyon Page 27 the Great Lakes and the rivers to the Gulf of Mexico; discoverers of the great prairies that track into Sub-Divisions. While the timetable shows sweep majestically upward from lake level to the distance between Vancouver and Montreal as the Rockies; pioneers who traced mighty streams 2,881.2 miles and between Vancouver and Toronto through the mountain barriers to the Pacific Ocean, as 2,703.6, the "Mileage Boards" found on tele- all led the builders of the world's first transconti- graph poles along the right of way start afresh nental railway. These great men of the past lead at the eastern boundary of each sub-division. For you, who sit in the air-conditioned comfort of a instance, Pembroke, 219.4 miles from Montreal, is high-level Scenic Dome, beside roaring streams indicated on the track side by Mileage Board 93 that point their silver arrows through the mountain of the Chalk River Sub-Division. In order to pin- passes, between great wheat fields, beside inland point points of interest in the scenery for ready seas along the edge of the rich pre-Cambrian location from a moving train, reference is made Shield, through lake-lands and forests, through throughout this book to the nearest mileage board gentle farm lands. Back over the trail of the ex- and each sub-division traversed is named at its plorers you see through the picture windows on start. Following the operational practice of dividing four sides of you: mines, mills, factories; great the line from east to west, these pages divide the cities, Vancouver, Calgary, Medicine Hat, Swift Canadian Pacific transcontinental main line—the Current, Moose Jaw, Regina, Brandon, Winnipeg, "Scenic Dome" route—from Vancouver to Montreal Fort William-Port Arthur, Sudbury, North Bay, and Toronto. At the side of each page a yellow Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal; the pleasure lands of plan map bears the names of all stations on that the British Columbia coast, , Banff, page. Lake of the Woods, the North Shore of Lake Because the Canadian Pacific main line travels Superior, French River, Muskoka, the Gatineau. generally in an east-west direction "north" is "Across Canada by Canadian Pacific", prepared used throughout the book to indicate scenes and for riders of the longest "Dome" route in the world, places on the left, just as north always is indicated is based upon the railway practice of dividing the by the top of a map.

Front cover picture is an artist's conception of Canadian Pacific Scenic Domes in the Valley. 3 VANCOUVER Cascade For a few miles, the eastward run Sub-Division of the world's longest Scenic Dome ride, the Canadian Pacific transcontinental main line, is at sea level. The factories and docks that BARNET characterize Vancouver, the piers, drying nets, deep-sea fishing craft, fishing shacks, the many PORT MOODY activities of a busy harbour line Burrard Inlet and spell the last sight of sea level for more than 2,880 CODUITIAM miles until it is reached again at Montreal. In between stand the barriers of the Coast Range, the PITT MEADOWS Monashee Mountains, the Selkirks, the towering

PORT HAMMOND Rockies and the long, steady slope eastward across the Great Plains to Winnipeg. Keep an eye to the HANEY north for the old station at Port Moody, original western terminus of the Canadian Pacific, the ALBION world's first transcontinental railway. At mileage WHONOCK 115, Burrard Inlet ends. Coquitlam, population 3,000, is named for the nearby Indian Reservation Hell's Gate RUSKIN and the Coquillam River is spanned at 112.3. At

SILVERDALE mileage 109.7, the Pitt River, almost the last tide- water, is crossed by a long bridge and the track aeons to flume out, torments itself into twisting AZ•e, points northeast to the mighty Fraser River and eddies and backwaters. Between mileages 23 MISSION CITY 9.4, Port Hammond, population 3,000. On-shore and 22, look for a giant rock in the middle of the HATZIC breezes bear the tang of the great Pacific Ocean river which still withstands the heavy pounding. across the meadows and ahead the apparently Simon Fraser, discoverer of the river, tells of making • DEWEINEY impassable barrier of the Coast Range looms his way down the canyon on a series of ladders heavily. Mission City, with a population of 5,000, built by the Indians. He little knew that 19th Century • NICOMEN junction with the Mission Sub-Division, is a busy engineers would use his route for a transcontinental centre for this fruit growing and dairy country and railway. The Spuzzum River is bridged at mileage • DEROCHE from your Scenic Dome vantage point, you can see 171 At Spuzzum, 15.5, where a steel and concrete 40 miles south in the State of Washington, snow- bridge spans the Fraser, is sited a bench noted by HARRISON MILLS topped Mount Baker. The mighty Fraser south of Fraser in his diary as a resting place. The present the track waters the Chilliwack Valley, noted for bridge is located where the first suspension bridge its fine dairy herds, which is served by ferries at west of the Rockies built by Joseph Trutch was slung Agassiz, population 2,600, site of a Government on wire cables, woven at the site, on wooden • AGASSIZ Experimental Farm and station for Harrison Hot towers. Long before the railroad came to Spuzzum, Springs. Along the way activities are divided the great Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post there. Many rivulets and creeks find WALEACH between sawmills and packing plants to which strings of trucks bring fresh gathered crops, for their way to the Fraser on both sides: White's this is the heart of the fruit and dairy lands. Ruby Creek is crossed at mileage 9.7 and Williams Creek • RUBY CREEK Creek, mileage 48, owes its name to garnets found at 9.2. Just above this, a spinning whirlpool is in the neighbourhood. The gentle, doTesticated known as The Devil's Wash Basin". It is caused pattern of the land begins to change as the stark by a narrow rock formation between mileages • KATZ grandeur of the mountains approaches ever closer 8 and 7 aptly christened "Hell's Gate". Conserva- and, at Odium, the mouths of the Fraser and tionists particularly will be interested in the ODIUM Coquihalla Canyons form a natural landmark for series of basins beside cascades by which salmon the junction of the Banff-Lake Louise transconti- • HAIG nental line with the Coquihalla Canyon-Crowsnest Pass route of the Canadian Pacific through the "Friendly Folk" Southern Rockies. Haig honours the name of the Ever notice how friendly railwaymen are? You see CHOATE famous British Field Marshal. At mileage 31.2, crews of passing trains wave to each other. Section Emory Creek is bridged on its way to the Fraser, men miles away from anywhere stop work and wave as the train goes by you wave in still navigable but much faster than in its broader return. This is friendliness, but it is more than that. reaches back on the level valley. Yale, mileage Everyone on the Canadian Pacific is concerned 27.1, was formerly head of navigation on the with the welfare of your train and the hands flung YALE Fraser and a look at the river here will show what high in greeting tell a story to the crew of your stalwart steamship captains had to contend with train. Watch a little more closely and you will see as they brought the miners and freighters to the that section men divide forces as you pass, one to beginnings of the Cariboo Waggon Road. Built, each side of the track. They have been keeping a watchful eye on the running gear of the train and SPUZZUM 1862-5, under the orders of Governor James the "highball" is an assurance that everything is in Douglas of British Columbia, this 400-mile road order on both sides. This combination of efficiency was used by thousands of miners to carry millions and friendliness spreads beyond the railway in treasure from the famous Cariboo Gold Field. family and trainmen can tell you of many instances Earlier than that, in 1848, it was the site of a where residents near the track ”check the train" CHINA BAR fur brigade trading fort. Now the Fraser, once so and give the proper signals. placid, hemmed in the canyon that took it countless 4 /7, evade the rapids as they swim up-river during the aat, spawning season. A notable example is at mileage For Camera Fans 5.5 where the Scuzzy River flowing from north of NORTH BEND the track enters the Fraser and the "salmon eleva- in general, the precautions you take in shooting tor" climbs up under the railway bridge. Although through windows should be observed in making photographs from the "Scenic Dome". the average gradient between North Bend and For colour transparencies of the various popular Vancouver is a little less than four feet in a mile, makes, colour compensating filter No. CC304 is the climb between Odium and North Bend has advised with exposure increases as recommended been 300 feet in 41 miles and the speed and tur- for this folder on Daylight Type film. In order to bulence of the Fraser makes this readily apparent. get exposures, either with colour or black and CHALIMOX The gradual climb, together with the abrupt white film, the use of an exposure meter is recom- mended, readings being taken from within the 1 change from wide valley to narrow canyon em- phasizes its stark beauty — graphically com- "Scenic Dome". Where no meter is available, an parable with the equally stark history of its early yxposure increase through top or side windows of one full camera stop is general practice. development. North Bend, junction of the Cascade Either the front or rear seats offer the best oppor- and Thompson Sub-Divisions, is mainly a railway tunities for pictures but please remember that town noted for its rich foliage and flower-filled receding scenery sets up focusing problems. It is KEEFERS gardens of which those at the station are a generally considered that the best way to avoid notable example. reflections is to expose as close to the glass as possible and, of course, avoid halation by shooting away from the sun. Train movement effects are lessened considerably for lateral photographs by using a 45 angle.

Lytton, the town where the rivers join, was a well- established Indian community when Simon Fraser KANAKA first came upon it, centuries after its foundation. Traders, using both rivers for their highways, gave Lytton importance, and, during the gold rush it came into its heyday. At mileage 95 the plateau begins to narrow. The Fraser turns northward, the Thompson points to the east. Following the water level, the Canadian Pacific parallels the Thompson CISCO River into a canyon noted for the colourful rocks and earth that line its sides. Across the river, at mileage 93.5, Botanie Crag, a green granite crest that o•verhangs the clear water, takes its name from a creek that enters here. The Painted The "Jaws of Death". Canyon, mileage 91, lives up to its name. Sage- brush, dwarf jack-pine, poplar and some bull-pine Thompson Eastward from North Bend the grow in this area. The rushing river at mileage 1 Sub-Division Canadian Pacific transcontinental 87.5 spills out through the aptly named gorge — LYTTON main line climbs along gradually narrowing bench "Jaws of Death" — the modern highway follows lands. The rise of the land is noticeable although, at the route of the old Cariboo Road. At 84.6 the Chaumox, Indian translation of "too hot", the Nicoamen River is bridged by the railway which altitude is as yet only 548 feet above sea level. passes under the highway at 81.4. Drynoch is Tiny gardens and orchards, some in Indian Reserva- tions, replace the broader fields of the coastal plain. At mileage 113 the Salmon River is bridged. To the south is Kanaka Mountain. Skow Wash GLAD WIN Creek is crossed at mileage 106.3 and Kwoiek Creek, named for the peak north of the line, at 104.6. Once worked by Hawaiian labourers, the old placer mining bar across the river gives its name to Kanaka. Between mileages 102.7 and 101.2 the track rests on a ledge hewn from the rock and passes through three tunnels. In contrast the old Cariboo Road toiled high above the river. THOMPSON Near Cisco, named for the late Chief Siska, at mileage 101, the railway crosses to the left bank of the Fraser, to reach, a few miles ahead, its confluence with the Thompson River. Sharply de- fined, the two waters, drab in the case of the Fraser, clear because—like the St. Lawrence where it is joined by the Ottawa, 2,500 miles to the east — it is filtered through lakes, the Thompson. The Thomson River near Spence's Bridge. ORYNOCH 5 • SPENCE'S BRIDGE

• TON ETIC

• SPATSUM

• BASQUE

• ASHCROFT

• SEMLIN The Thompson River

named for the seat of the Clan McLeod on the lonely fruits. Savona got its name from an early Island of Skye and the Canadian Pacific follows Italian immigrant who operated a ferry across the river closely as the canyon widens into a the western end of Kamloops Lake in 1861. As the gentler contour. Once known as Cook's Ferry — Thompson widens into Kamloops Lake the country- WALHACHIN for obvious reasons, Spence's Bridge marks the side takes on a more domesticated pattern. Here is • junction with the Merritt Sub-Division, a line that some of the finest ranching land in Canada — runs southward to Brodie on the Canadian Pacific look for ranch and farm houses of sturdy, pictur- route through the southern rockies. The Nicola River esque logs. Cherry Creek, named for the stream is crossed at mileage 71 and the next station, crossed near the station, serves this prosperous Toketic, is well named, "Pretty Place". The locally area. Between mileages 13.8 and 8.5 the train prolific wild cotton gives its name to Spatsum. passes through six tunnels — five of them in a mile • SAVONA Pimainus Creek is bridged at mileage 67 and and a quarter — driven through the glacier- Pukaist Creek near mileage 65. Glossy Mountain, scarred rock. North, across the lake, at mileage 11, south of the track, rears bald contours to a peak red-stained Battle Bluff was the scene of fierce of 6,500 feet, and the river narrows to squeeze Indian struggles years ago that are still recalled through Black Canyon, mileage 52.5, in a roaring in tribal song and legend. Tranquille station, and boil of hissing, foaming white against the rock the river crossed at mileage 6.5, take their names formations. Ashcroft, named for the birthplace in from an early Indian chief who was thus nicknamed England of legendary Judge Cornwall, was a by French traders because of his gentle disposition. gold-rush town. Today it is noted for the quality of History remembers better, though, James Huston's its potatoes and tomatoes — a long way from the discovery of gold here in 1856 or'57 — the prime • CHERRY CREEK Cariboo days! Walhachin, once-more euphoniously start of what developed into the Cariboo gold — "Wallacheen" meaning "land of plenty", has rush. Kamloops Lake narrows again and by mileage a tragic history. Here was the scene of an early 4 has taken on the characteristics of a river. experiment in irrigation. A group of Englishmen Historians are certain that David Thompson, the watered an orchard and brought fine apples to famous explorer and map-maker, never saw the bearing. Then the bugles of 1914 blew. They river that is his flowing monument, and feel reason- crossed the Atlantic to war — and none returned! ably sure that he never knew that Simon Fraser had • TRANGUILIE A few trees, unkempt and untended, still bear given it his name. Now, as the outskirts of Kamloops 6 are reached, from almost true north the waters of south, though gentle in slope, begin to give promise the North Thompson enter the Thompson which, of greater heights in the Monashee, Selkirk and KAM LOOPS from this point eastward, becomes the South Rocky Mountains ahead. Chase Creek is spanned at 3c) Thompson. Kamloops, junction of the Shuswap and mileage 93.5. Squilax, "sheep" in the Indian • af4'1 Thompson Sub-Divisions, has a population of tongue, is on the southern shore of Little Shuswap 14,000. The city was founded as a Hudson's Lake which broadens, at mileage 84, into the Bay Company post in 1812. Fort Thompson was western tip of Shuswap Lake itself. The big lake built in 1813 by the North West Company and is credited with containing more varieties of trout named for David Thompson, explorer of the Koote- and other game fish, including steel-head salmon nay District and Columbia River — probably when trout and salmon from the Pacific than any other Simon Fraser named the Thompson River. Today's fresh water in British Columbia. The land slopes name is an anglicized spelling of the Indian gently upwards to the north. Weaving between word "Kumeloops", meaning unknown. Cattle, Mount Hilliam, Black and Squilax Mountains to the forest products, canning, fruit and vegetable south and Notch Hill to the north, the line turns to shipping and registered seed are the major local parallel White Creek (north) between Carlin and industries. Many lakes and streams in this district Tappen, named respectively for a lumber operator are well-stocked with game trout. You will see and early contractor. The Salmon River is bridged MONTE CREEK many irrigated farms and broad cattle ranches at mileage 64.8. The Shuswap Lakes are the and this countryside also contains gold, copper and reservoir on which the South Thompson River, base metal mines. traced from Kamloops to Salmon Arm by the Canadian Pacific, draws heavily. They, and the Sh uswap Between Kamloops Station and river, important to the economy of British Columbia, Sub-Division mileage 126 sites of prehistoric, are examples of the far-reaching effect of the semi-subterranean houses built by Indians have North West Company. Simon Fraser discovered been discovered in the area that divides the track them early in the 19th Century. Salmon Arm, and the South Thompson River. Local historians population 2,000, deals in dairy products, feed, offer no origin for the name Monte Creek, perhaps poles, boxes, packing and lumber. Oddly-named "three-card monte" was a popular pastime in Canoe is a farmers' exchange, warehousing and railway construction days! Except for one 500-foot lumbering centre. Wild duck have made the lake hump at Notch Hill, the line is fairly level for the about half a mile wide between Salmon Arm next 80 miles with an average altitude of 1,160 and Sicamous — a favourite feeding and breeding feet. This is a prosperous mixed farming and fruit area. South of the track lies Larch Hills Provincial PRITCHARD belt, more densely populated than any territory Forest. To the north Shuswap Lake, of which Salmon in western British Columbia. The Canadian Pacific Arm, paralleling the line is the south side, is a transcontinental main line parallels the South three-sided rectangle almost surrounding Vella Thompson River and the Ptarmigan Hills, to the and Bastion Mountains behind which White Lake SHUSWAP

CHASE

SQUILAX

ELSON

NOTCH HILL

CARLIN

TAPPER Orchards like this earn British Columbia's apple reputation. 7 SALMON ARM has a fabulous reputation amongst anglers. Sica- mous, lake-head port for mail, is the junction with 4 /I-_ aai the Canadian Pacific Okanagan Sub-Division. The word means "places cut through". This is great duck country and the wild migrants become tame enough to paddle close for bread thrown on the quieter backwaters. At mileage 44.4 the main line crosses the eastern end of Shuswap Lake at Sicamous Narrows and starts its long, magnifi- cently scenic climb towards the height of land, breasting the course of the twisting Eagle River which it will cross eleven times in 28 miles. The CANOE first crossing is made at mileage 43.8. Solsqua, Indian word for bear, may have been an apt choice of name once, but few have been seen recently. It is in scenery such as this that the Scenic Dome comes into its own. Watching eyes are rewarded on all sides. At mileage 40.4, 37.1 and 32.8, the Eagle is spanned again. Malakwa is Eagle Pass

SICAMOUS Valley Lake. Snowsheds, encountered at mileage Automatic Block Signals 13.5, are a reminder of railroading difficulties to While the red, yellow and green lights that you see be surmounted, and three short tunnels momentarily from the "Scenic Dome" are welcome because they obstruct the view of Eagle Pass and Summit Lake add colour to the journey by day or night, they have more serious business to do. These are the between mileages 9.5 and 9. A wooden overhead lights of the Automatic Block Signal System — an bridge carries the highway above us at mileage intricate series of electrical sections called "blocks'', 8.6. The grassland areas that marked the western into which the transcontinental main line is divided. end of the Shuswap Sub-Division have gradually Entrance of the train into each block is governed given way to Douglas fir, the inevitable lodge-pole by the colour light signal which tells the engineman pine and Ponderosa pine that are common to this SOLSOLIA whether he may enter the block or if he must stop. country, variously described as the Fraser Uplands, More complicated than highway traffic signals, or Fraser Plateau. Northeastward Mount Revelstoke but governed by easily interpreted rules, block commands the view and to the south are the Tonka- signals sometimes require two or more colour watla River, Mount Macpherson (7,893') and lights to convey their full meaning. Mount Begbie (8,946'). At mileage 1.7 the Cana- Under certain rules, for instance, a stop signal dian Pacific meets and crosses the mighty Columbia may command an absolute stop, reauirlig the CAMB1E train to stop and stay there. In some cases, it may River. Of the Columbia River's 1,150 miles, the 459 be a "permissive" stop which allows the train to miles in Canada drain an area of 40,000 square proceed in accordance with the rules after coming miles, serve the lumber industry and generate to a stop. thousands of horsepower. From its source in the Red, yellow and green lights are used in modern giant snow-dome that forms the Columbia lcefield, MALAKWA signal practice; some lights flash on and off inter- reached from Lake Louise station 86 miles to its mittently. In certain locations, semaphore signals south, this mighty stream has wound its way at are used and the position of the blade in daytime varying speeds west and south in its search for the has the same meaning as the colour light signal. wide waters of the Pacific. David Thompson traced the Columbia from its source to its mouth. In 1807, he made his way to the lcefield via the Saskat- CRAIGELLACH1E Indian for mosquito — and fishermen in the local chewan and in the following years explored the waters will understand its choice as a station name. river, evading hostile Piegan Indians who had Another crossing of the Eagle is made at 31.3. attacked Lewis and Clarke in 1805, to the point North of the track at Craigellachie (mileage 28.3 where the American expedition had struck the a simple cairn marks the spot where the "last spike" Columbia and followed it to its mouth. His is still driven November 7, 1885, completed the world's the sole comprehensive survey of the entire river. first transcontinental railway. Here westbound Southward, the Columbia broadens into the Arrow TAFT and eastbound construction gangs met. The spike Lake syst6m, served for many years by that most was a good, workable one — not silver or gold as romantic of all vessels, the "stern-wheeler". S.S. some legends claim! Threading its way between "Minto", last of Canada's stern-wheelers, has now the Hunter and Shuswap Ranges, the line crosses been retired. Revelstoke, population 3,500, is a the Eagle three times between mileages 24.6 and lumbering centre and junction with the Arrow Lake, 26.3. Near mileage 22, beautiful Kay Falls are Mountain and Shuswap Sub-Divisions. Don't miss seen, and, also to the south Mount Griffin (7,120') the station gardens, a bank of lovely flowers, and of the Hunter Range. The Gold Range (7,0001 an exhibition Kiosk which is a key to the area. At rise to the north. Three more bridges within the the end of the station-building a miniature Dutch three miles between 18.5 and 15.4 complete the windmill decorates a prosaic water hydrant. Every THREE VALLEY crossings of the Eagle. At obviously named Three season this windmill serves as a background for Valley, Wap Creek flows from the south into Three personal photographs. 8 Mountain Twenty feet in a mile doesn't seem Amherst-Baron Jeffery, Field Marshal (1717-97), REVELSTOKE Commander in Chief in North America 1758, Gover- Sub-Division like much of a climb, but by the nor of Virginia 1763. time the 125.7 miles of this sub-division are complete Brebeuf - (1593-1649), born in France, Jesuit the line will be 2,578 feet higher. Our guide Missionary to the Hurons, martyred by the Iroquois eastward is the Illeciliwaet River, rushing headlong 1649. to the west as our powerful diesels take us east- Brute- Etienne, born end of loth Century, reached ward. A taste of the scenery to come is given by GREELY Canada as a boy in 1608, accompanied Champlain rocky Box Canyon (mileage 123.2). Greely Creek, 1615. In 1618, explored south through Pennsylvania named for the famous editor, is crossed at 118.8, to Chesapeake Bay. Died 1633. Twin Butte marks the narrowing of the valley. At By John (1781-1836), military engineer, 1826 113.5, Twin Butte Creek is spanned and, on the constructed Rideau Canal. Bytown (now Ottawa) named after him. north side, bounded at the east by Woolsey Creek, TWIN BUTTE Champlain-Samuel de (1567-1635), first visit to sprawls Mount Revelstoke Park. The great Albert America 1598, founded Quebec 1608. snowfield lies to the south and, from mileage 109 du Lhut —or Duluth, Daniel G. (1640-1710), born in its tip can be seen on the eastern slope of Albert France, explored Sioux country 1681. Duluth, Minne- Peak (9,998'). Between mileages 103 and 102 sota, is named for him. Albert Canyon, north and below the track, is a ALBERT CANYON Fraser-Simon (1776-1862), born in New York, narrow 150-foot gorge through which the river partner in North West Company, explored Fraser has forced its way. The slow passage of the train and Thompson Rivers. Joliet —Louis (1645-1700), born in Quebec, co- gives you a good view of this fern-wreathed gully. discoverer with Marquette of the Mississippi. Glacier Park's western boundary is crossed at 76,--ed7 LaSalle- Rene Robert Cavelier (1643-87), born in mileage 95.5. Engineering problems that con- France, Seigneur of Lachine, explored Ohio River, fronted the pioneers are indicated by the snow Lake Michigan and Upper Illinois searching for China; sheds and tunnels near mileage 94 and by the reached Texas by sea. fact that 10 crossings of the Illeciliwaet River have La Verendrye - Pierre Gaultier de Varennes (1688- to be made. Mount Green (8,860') to the south 1749), born Three Rivers, Que., fur trader and ex- is the western portal of the Valley of Flat Creek plorer. which opens a vista to the south at mileage 93.2. Macdonald- Sir John Alexander (1815-1891), born North and south from mileage 88 are Cougar in Scotland, lawyer and statesman in Upper Canada, Mountain and Ross Creek. Now the climb becomes first Prime Minister of the Dominion, considered "Chief Architect of Confederation". sharper -- 1,500 feet between Albert Canyon and Glacier, the station for Glacier National Park, 521 IP Marquette - (1637-75), born in France. 1666, Jesuit , GLACIER missionary to Canada, shared discovery of Missis- square miles in area. In this area sharp-eyed sippi with Joliet. watchers may spot mountain goats and bighorn Nicolet -Jean (1598-1642), born in France, came to sheep just below the snow line and those with At'ag Canada 1618, explored Lake Michigan as far as binoculars should scan the slides and burns for Green Bay, senior official of Company of One /.4) g Hundred Associates. grizzly :3,10f. To the south, midway between mileages 83.5 and 84.5, up the slope of Mount Radisson - Pierre Esprit (1636-1710), born in Paris, t/ STONEY CREEK reached Canada 1651, explored Great Lakes, Abbott ruins of bridge piers show where the line credited with foundation of Hudson's Bay Company. once toiled up over Loop Brook to Rogers Pass. Strathcona — Lord (1820-1914), Sir Donald Alexan- South again, as you approach Glacier, look up der Smith, born in Scotland, became resident gover- the valley ahead for the Illeciliwaet Glacier, outlet nor of Hudson's Bay Co. in Canada; one of the for the snowfield, as it forces its way between founders of the Canadian Pacific Railway, later Perley Peak and Lookout Mountain, and Mount fr ROGERS President of the Bank of Montreal and Canadian Sir Donald, its 10,808-foot tip piercing the blue High Commissioner in Great Britain. sky. This whole area, with Mount Macdonald Thompson - David (1770-1857), 1808-9 explored (9,483') stolidly across the line, is a challenge to Columbia River; 1816-26 surveyed Canada U.S. boundary. the senses with its magnificent panorama of peaks, precipices and glaciers. To avoid Mount Mac- donald the first line was built through Rogers Pass, M GUTH compelling a climb of 500 feet in five miles and needing, for its protection from slides, more than four and a half miles of snow sheds, some of which and the piers of old bridges can be seen to the north. In 1916, by the boring of the Connaught Tunnel, the climb was cut in half, the distance was shortened by four and a third miles and curves DONALD equal to seven circles were done away with. A mile 1 of solid rock is the roof of Connaught Tunnel, which is of concrete construction, twenty-nine feet wide and twenty-one and a half feet high. Fresh FORDE air is forced through by giant ventilating fans at the western end. At mileage 80.2 the train emerges from the tunnel, high on the side of the valley of Use your exposure-meter when photographing in the clear the . Wide flats through which the MOBERLY mountain air, light values are sometimes deceptive. river winds are filled with the skeletons of long- Fob 9 gone inundations to the south. North of the line and 21.4 the line crosses the Kicking Horse five steep, tree-covered slopes march down to the times. It is crossed itself by the highway at mileage valley. Backwards to the north the old route 26.5. Foaming and churning, the river speeds 1. through Rogers Pass may be traced. Camera fans endlessly past, headed west. Mileage 19.2 marks who want pictures of the train should ready them- the western boundary of . • GOLDEN selves at Stoney Creek station. East of the station The Beaverfoot Range (9,000') is skirted for Stoney Creek is crossed by an arch bridge, the several miles, and, at mileage 15.3 the track western end of which is slightly curved to meet the turns sharply. Southward, near mileage 13, look contour of the land. The engineers probably never south for Mount Vow( (10,881') and beyond this thought of it, but this location as the train crosses peak to the glacier between Mounts Allan and 270 feet above the foaming stream is ideal for Hanbury. North and south the flanking ranges now photographers to snap the whole train on the are the Van Horne and the Ottertail, followed by curve. Between Stoney Creek and mileage 74 Mount Duchesnay, (9,592') and Mount Dennis another interesting bridge spans Surprise Creek. (8,326') on the south. To the north sweeps a broad, No bigger at its greatest height than a pencilled divided valley formed by Otterhead Creek and line, this purling stream cuts its way through a gorge the Amiskwi River. Ever-present, the lodge-pole spanned by a truss bridge and foams, noisily pine climbs to timber-line, with here and there on and picturesquely to the river bed 170 feet below. the lower slopes, stands of poplar, marked at Raspberry Creek is bridged at 73.7 and Mountain graying level by the teeth of countless winter-feed- Creek three miles to the east. Mileage 70 coincides ing elk. The Kicking Horse River is north of the with the eastern boundary of Glacier National track, less hurried, briefly, while it meanders Park. The Selkirks are left behind, to the north is through the widened valley in which Field nestles. Mount Rogers (10,525') and, at Rogers (67.8) Field, in Yoho National Park, junction of the named for Major Rogers, discoverer of the pass, Mountain and Laggan Sub-Divisions, is also the the downhill run —1,200 feet since Glacier — junction of the Mountain and Pacific Time Zones. ends. Also to the north is Cupola Mountain, last Eastbound travellers advance their watches one peak in the Selkirk Mountains. At mileage 64.5 the Canadian Pacific transcontinental line crosses hour. Bears begging for tidbits are quite often the Beaver River and at Beavermouth (63) meets seen at the eastern end of the platform. No matter the Columbia River, about to swing northward in how pathetically they look at you, don't yield to the gigantic "Big Bend". The line parallels The temptation and feed them. They are as tame as Columbia for nearly 30 miles, travelling through a any wild animal accustomed to human beings can level country noted for large numbers of deer and be, but they have no manners and do not know • LEANCHOIL moose. But it takes a keen observer to spot them how sharp a supplicatory paw can be. Also, there through the heavy growth. The big river is crossed is a heavy fine imposed for feeding wild animals at mileage 52.5, a mile west of Donald, named for — this is for your own protection. Take all the Sir Donald Smith (later Lord Strathcona), where pictures you like — from a reasonable distance. the canyon is left behind. To the north is Willow- Across the river, well-engineered motor roads lead bank Mountain. The Dogtooth Mountains, south of up the scenic Yoho Valley to Takakkaw Falls the track and the sharp spurs of the Van Horne and westward past the "Natural Bridge", bored Range to the north, give rise to a succession of through solid rock by the Kicking Horse River, fast-running, picturesque creeks and rivers, the then north through the valley of the Emerald River largest of which is the Blaeberry which enters the to Emerald Lake, site of the Canadian Pacific Columbia at mileage 44.8. Look north between resort, Emerald Lake Chalet. mileage 35 and Golden for the cluster of typically Swiss chalets the village of Edelweiss — built by the Canadian Pacific for the Swiss guides who climb the great peaks of the Rockies with moun- taineers. The valley of the Columbia now is fairly broad, its lands fertile and well tended. Golden is the junction for the Lake Windermere Sub- Division which connects, through the Kootenoy River valley, with the Canadian Pacific route through the southern Rockies. Now the grade really begins to steepen. Between Golden and Hector, a little over 46 miles, the altitude changes from 2,583 feet to 5,213 feet, an average of more than 57 feet per mile. Southward lies the Kootenay River, to the north, at mileage 35, is Moberly Peak (7,721'). At mileage 31.7, 500 feet above the Canadian • FIELD Pacific main line is the highway, looking as if it were hanging precariously on stilts. Near mileage 29 scan the south wall of the lower Kicking Horse Canyon which we share with the river that gives it its name, for "The Old Man of the Mountain'', a quirk of nature's sculpture. Between mileages 33 10 Valley on the north balance the southward views HECTOR of Cathedral Crags (10,0711 and Vanguard Peak. Paget Peak (8,407') and Mount Bosworth (9,083') farther north, and Wapto Lake, reservoir of the Kicking Horse River, beside the line reflect Hector Station, named for Sir James Hector, surgeon and geologist on the Palliser Expedition. In the next 2.8 miles the line climbs 119 feet to reach the highest railway altitude in Canada, 5,332 feet — a mile and 52 feet! Southward stand Pope's Peak and Narao Peak, Summit and Sink Lakes to the north mark the eastern end of the . Seventy-three yards east of Stephen station is the Continental Divide, which also marks the boundary of Yoho and Banff National Parks. Watch, south of the track, for a /STEPHEN rustic sign, "The Great Divide", which marks the boundary between Alberta and British Columbia, the peak of the watershed. Beneath this sign a small brook becomes two smaller streams that find their way, westward to the Kicking Horse -tkr,c,t1 Sure footed big-horn sheep River, the Columbia and the Pacific; eastward to Jtro the Bow River and eventually Hudson's Bay and Langan A long shoulder of Mount Stephen the Atlantic. Nearby mountains, south, are Mount Sub-Division juts into the valley on the south, the 441 LA. Niblock (9,754'), Mount St. Piran (8,6811 and The highway bridge points due north as it spiders its Beehive, round which the line curves northward to way across the washed pebble-strewn flats, the diesels brace themselves for their climb across the the broad and the peeled-log station of Lake Louise. From Lake Louise station motor / backbone of Canada, and across the lazy river as roads lead: to Chateau Lake Louise a thousand your train gently gathers strength the highway feet higher; Moraine Lake Lodge in the Valley of ambles off to the Yoho Valley. At mileage 133.6, the Ten Peaks; the Columbia lcefield eighty-five /LAKELOUISE in sharp contrast with the sylvan scene a base miles to the north where the Athabaska, Dome and metals concentrator high up the cliff processes lead Saskatchewan Glaciers combine to form 150 and zinc from shafts nearby, and, across the river, square miles of ice; Lake Wapta Lodge; Yoho in Mount Field. Ahead lies the thrill of climbing Valley Lodge; Emerald Lake Chalet and Field. 1,260 feet in less than an hour by means of the Chateau Lake Louise, on the northern shore of the most ingenious railroad feat in North America, the glacial lake for which it is named turns its sun- Spiral Tunnels. As first constructed in 1882-83, the drenched wings to one of the world's most beautiful line between Field and Hector climbed laboriously scenic spots, the Victoria Glacier. Its deeply wooded up the heavy grade, parts of which now form the mountain trails are favourites with riders. There is highway crossed by today's line, which was re- boating on the lake, outdoor swimming in a located 1907-08 when the Spiral Tunnels were sheltered, warmed pool and many miles of Alpine driven through the solid rock. The upper spiral flower trails around the lake and surrounding hill- tunnel, for the statistically minded, is 3,255' long, sides for nature lovers. The magnificent Victoria its curvature is 288 degrees; the lower, 2,922'. Glacier, overhanging Lake Louise first sight to Its curvature is 226 degrees and it emerges 50.4' greet visitors to the Chateau, sheds its waters into above its entrance. To the north Mount Field the Lake and through Louise Creek, to the Bow (8,645') and Mount Wapta (9,106') guard the River just east of Lake Louise Station. South of the entrance to Yoho Valley. Beyond them are Burgess line, from Lake Louise to mileage 112 Mount Pass and Mount Burgess (8,463'). The Kicking Victoria (11,355'), Mount Aberdeen (10,3401 Horse, still a sizeable stream, parallels the line. Fairview, Haddo (10,073'), Sheol (9,118') and The Yoho Valley opens to view on the north. Near Saddle Mountain; to the north are Ptarmigan Peak mileage 133 upward on the south can be seen the (10,0501, Redoubt Mountain (7,510') and Pro- exits of the upper tunnel and at mileage 131.3 the tection Mountain. Tallest of all, four miles to the lower tunnel is entered. A thousand yards later south, is (11,6261. The cluster of and 50 feet higher you can look down, north, on mountains surrounding the Valley of the Ten the track you have just climbed. As you climb Peaks includes the ten Wenkchemna Peaks, westward the Kicking Horse is crossed at mileage 130.6 and at 129.7 the second tunnel is entered. snow-covered Mount Babel (8,5901, Quadra Three-fifths of a mile later and almost completely (10,420') and Bident (10,109'). Between these turned around the train leaves the tunnel at monsters and Storm Mountain, to the south at mileage 129.1, 55'7" higher up Cathedral mileage 106, whose 10,309 foot peak usually Mountain (10,4541 and heads east again. Now, lives up to its name, the water's edge to the north to the north, the Yoho Valley is seen, and between should be scanned closely for beaver lodges and mileages 127.5 and 127, northward and down can other signs of the wild life with which Banff be seen the adit and exit of the lower tunnel. National Park is lavishly supplied. North of the From mileage 126 Mount Ogden and the Yoho track, east of mileage 102, for eight miles the CASTLE MOUNTAIN 11 BANFF scene is dominated by Mount Eisenhower. Formerly is unexcelled, too. North of the track, in the known as Castle Mountain, this tremendous forma- shadow of Cascade Mountain, the National Parks 3-E-rA72 tion, battlemented like a medieval castle, was Department maintains a paddock for buffalo, renamed to honour General of the Army Dwight D. rocky mountain goats and bighorn sheep. Here, Eisenhower, brilliant Supreme Commander of the too, is the permanent summer camp of the Royal Allied Forces in Europe, six years before his Canadian Army Cadet Corps. To the south Tunnel election to the Presidency of the United States. Mountain hides the Bow River from view. Cascade Copper Mountain, south of the track just beyond Creek, named for the 9,826 foot mountain, is the eastern outpost of Mount Eisenhower, points bridged and to the south peculiar sandstone north to the junction of Johnston Creek with the formations known as "Hoodoos" march with the Bow River. Between this canyon-bound stream and track. (9,655') named for an early Redearth Creek to the south Mount Ishbel on the missionary, to the south, points its razor crest north and directly south of mileage eastward. North of the track Inglismaldie (9,7151 93 mark the narrowing of Bow Pass. Now the down- Girouard (9,875') and Peechee (9,615') rear ward, eastward, flow of the rivers is emphasized. their heads. Carrot Creek, bridged near mileage The waters race the train, both headed for the 72, flows from the Fairholme Mountains to the CANMORE great Atlantic. Mount Massive (7,990') and north. Near mileage 71, north of the line, the eastern Mount Bourgeau (9,517') farther south are boundary of is marked by a balanced to the north by Mount Edith and be- gateway on the highway. In the 2,500 square tween mileage 84 and 83, the huge cave known miles of the park, all living things — birds, animals, EXSHAW as "Hole in the Wall" high up the mountainside. wild flowers and trees, are protected by the In the meadows that flank the track between Government of Canada, and many travellers, Lake Louise and Banff elk and deer ftequently delighted with the sight of "tame" wild animals browse and occasionally a bear — sometimes from passing trains, have blessed the wise states- K AN AN ASKIS with her cubs — may be seen begging for "hand- men who marked out this great sanctuary. As a outs' on the highway north of the track. Near tribute to the conservationists, the Canadian mileage 88 to the north are the Vermilion Lakes, Pacific selected names of national and provincial SEEBE feeding grounds for moose and beaver and parks to designate 18 Scenic Dome Lounge beyond them Mount Norquay. To the south the Sleeper cars in its transcontinental service. A Bourgeau Range and Sulphur Mountain loom, favourite with photographers, the triple-peaked and, near mileage 90, a mile south can be seen mountain, "Three Sisters", stands south of mileage OZADA the turrets of . North of the 63. Canmore, named for Malcolm Canmore, early track Stoney Squaw Mountain keeps vigil over the Scottish king, has a population of 1,400. Its major town of Banff which has a winter population of industry is coal mining. The Bow River is forced 2,500, swelled to 8,000 in the summer. Head- into a bend by a shoulder, north of the track, M ORLEY quarters of the national park are located here, a known as The Gap. This geological formation is a detachment of the Royal Canadian Mot...,ted Police, shoulder of the Fairholme Mountains and on its hospital, movie theatre. Hotels, boarding houses slopes, near mileage 62, sharp eyes may detect and tourist bungalows cater to thousands of visi- bighorn sheep. Now the river slows its headlong tors every year. Beyond the town, where the Spray speed as it widens into Lac des Arcs, frequented by and Bow Rivers meet between the 1st tee and Canada geese and mallard in their seasons. fairway of the championship golf course, the Directly south of Exshaw is Pigeon Mountain. valleys enclosed by Sulphur, Rundle and Tunnel Kanonaskis, named by Captain Palliser for a Mountains are dominated by Banff Springs Hotel legendary Indian, produces lime products. The RADNOR — built of stone quarried locally — massive and Bow River is crossed at mileage 53.1 and at hospitable as a baronial castle in Scotland. This Seebe — Indian word for "river" are the Kanan- Canadian Pacific resort, one of the holiday askis and Horseshoe dams and power plants. wonders of the world, fits the keynote of gracious Ozada, an Indian word meaning "forks of the living into the outdoor symphony of cascades, river- well describes the confluence of the Bow rapids, mountain trails and scenic grandeur and Kananaskis rivers at that point. Morley, with played by the . Natural sulphur a population of 30 whites and 700 Indians, is headquarters of the Stoney Indian Reservation. COCHRANE springs provide medicinal bathing; buses and cars, mountain ponies and bicycles are available for Its Indian School, with an average of 60 in attend- sightseeing, a scenic ski-lift on Mount Norquay ance, has a staff of 10. Traditional designs in opens incredible vistas. The leather, bead and quilt work are a specialty of maintains a headquarters on the slope of Sulphur the Stoneys, who take part each year in Banff's Mountain and The Trail Riders and Trail Hikers "Indian Days", at which, in addition to outdoor of the Canadian Rockies, both with international demonstrations of dances, riding, roping, etc., the GIENBOW V/ membership rosters, at Banff Springs Hotel. In lovely work is shown in competition for prizes. the town, Banff School of Fine Arts, an extension Radnor, site of the Ghost Dam, was named for of the University of Alberta, opens from mid-June Wilma, daughter of the Earl of Radnor, and wife BEARSPAW to mid-August each year a summer school of art, of Lord Lothom. At mileage 25.7 the Bow River, drama, handicrafts and music, culminating in an which has paralleled the line on the north side for annual festival. Make a note now, if you're 28 miles, crosses to the south. With the high / going right through this time, to come back to mountains receding, the land has taken on the ROBERTSON Banff for a visit. In winter and spring the skiing rolling aspect of foothill country and Cochrane, 1 2 6 4-1-A2- mileage 22.8, serves a mixed ranching and farm- ing community that extends eastward. The Bow CALGARY Valley, born in the grandeur of the mountains, has become a wide depression, barely defined in OGDEN the general eastward slope and the Bow River is crossed again at mileage 7.7, to lose itself from SHEPARD view in the outskirts of Calgary, junction of the Laggan and Brooks Sub-Divisions on the main INDUS transcontinental line. DALEMEAD Brooks Calgary, founded as a North West Sub-Division Mounted Police post called Fort Brisebois in 1875, became Fort Calgary later in honour of Calgary on the Isle of Mull. Its location at CARSELAND the confluence of the and Nose Creek with the important Bow River, was a natural one. For years its principal interest was the surrounding STRANGMUIR cattle ranching, greatly accentuated by the advent of the railway. Later, discovery of the Turner Valley oilfields and the more recent "strikes" to GLEICHEN the north, gave the city of 127,001 great import- ance to the oil industry. "Cowtown" traditions are kept alive by the annual "Calgary Stampede" when the whole city decks itself in "chaps", som- Chuck-waggon race breros and spurs to celebrate the riding, "bronco- CLUNY busting" and chuck-waggon races in which famous farmers outran the following Chinook! Ranching in riders, men and women, compete. The Canadian this area had its start in 1874 with the importation Pacific hotel, named for Captain Palliser, pinpoints of range cattle from the United States. In 1882 downtown Calgary. Industries include: oil-drilling government regulations allowed the leasing of 'k../ CROWFOOT specialties; meat products; sash and doors; tracts up to 100,000 acres and for the next 20 structural steel; castings; fertilizers and chemicals; years the industry expanded. At the turn of the concrete blocks; pre-fabricated buildings; leather; century the historical pattern of agricultural settle- BASSANO oil-refining; cereals; sheet metal; paper products; ment asserted itself and larger ranches began to pipe castings and explosives. Dinosaur Park on disappear with the encroachment of farmlands on St. George's Island is notable for life-size models the ranges. Today average ranches are of about LATHOM of pre-historic animals found in the region. The 2,000 acres owned by the rancher and 8,000 city stands 3,438 feet above sea level. From acres of provincial land under lease. The first Calgary, Canadian Pacific passenger services irrigation ditch recorded was dug in 1879 and connect with Edmonton, terminus of the northern seven yeors later 79,000 acres were under irri- trans-prairie line, and Fort MacLeod, junction with gation. More than 10 times that area is now irri- CASSILS the Crowsnest-Coquihalla route through the southern gated in Alberta alone. Canadian Pacific irrigation Rockies. Now begins the long, gradual descent work started in 1906 and the company, which to sea level, so gradual that it is imperceptible. pioneered the Eastern and Western Irrigation Ogden, its principal industry the "Ogden Shops" Districts, had spent more than $25,000,000 by of the Canadian Pacific, marks the eastern fringe 1917 when the districts were formed. Indus, mileage v' BROOKS of the variously, according to stages of history, 158.8, named for the great Indian river used as and affectionately named "Cowtown", "Foothills an irrigation source, sets the pattern. Gleichen, a City" and "Oil City". Shepard is the junction with flour milling point, serves an area with 12,000 1 the Strathcona Sub-Division. For a few miles yet irrigated acres and is headquarters of the Black- TILLEY occasional cowboys may be seen, but, generally, foot Reserve. Near mileage 122, the track crosses stock-ranching now gives way to agriculture — to a tributary of the Bow River. Cluny was the name highly specialized irrigation farming. Near the of an Indian chief. Crowfoot, too, commemorates a junction of the Third Prairie Plain with the foothills famous chief of the Blackfoot tribe, who with the of the Rocky Mountain System, the land contours Sarcees, Bloods and Piegans were early inhabi- here are more sharply marked than on the central and eastern prairies. Valleys are deeper and tants of these plains. Bassano, junction of the ALDERSON wider, rivers flow at greater speeds and still have Irricana and Bassano Sub-Divisions, named for an some evidence of the glacial silt they carry from Italian construction engineer, has 1,000 acres of the moraines that clog their icy sources. Climatic irrigated farm lands. At mileage 96.6 the line conditions are affected by the proximity of the, crosses a canal of the Canadian Pacific Railway SAP FIELD crags and peaks to the west and The Chinook" irrigation district established to aid farmers. Lord a wind that seems almost fabulous to non-residents, Latham, director of an early ranching company, is in the winter frequently raises temperatures from remembered at the next station. At mileage 87.6 BOWEL]. sub-zero readings to thaws in a matter of minutes. lakes break the landscape to the north and at 76, IL Often spoken of in this country, but never photo- to the south at Cassils, where 4,200 acres are graphed, was the sleigh equipped with runners irrigated, the Cassils Sub-Division starts. Brooks, in the front and wheels at the rear, with which population 2,500, is head- (Continued on page to) REOCLIFF 13 EASTWARD Across Canada by Canadian Pacific

THE MAIN LOUNGE Tranquil pastel shades, har- monious as your own home decoration; soft, clear light- ing; luxuriously comfortable chairs—moveable for chum- my groupings; wall-to-wall carpeting sympathetic in pat- tern to the decorative scheme; wide picture windows—these characterize the Main Lounge of the Canadian Pacific Scenic Dome Lounge Sleeper.

THE MURAL LOUNGE Named for famous national and provincial parks, the new cars are disc-braked for smooth starts, smooth running, smooth stops. The Mural Lounge, snugly ensconced be- low the upper level Scenic Dome of Canadian Pacific's smart, new Lounge Sleeper Car, is original. Intimate as an exclusive club, each Mural Lounge of the 18 "Park" cars on the transcontinental route has an original mural of the national or provincial park for which the car is named, cover- ing two walls, signed by a member of the Royal Cana- dian Academy of Arts. Ban- quette seats, thoughtfully ar- ranged, and an etched-glass third wall enhance these unique rooms.

'XV V, Iiiiilhattalladommown•M • -••• Anima. AM -,cannok ammoN;Nono THE SCENIC DOME Scenery along the world's longest "Dome" ride, across Canada from tidewater to tidewater, is enjoyed most from the upper level "Scenic Dome". Vision all-around and as high as the sky is provided by glare-proof picture-win- dows. Twenty-four seats, spaced for comfort and up- holstered for ease, fitted with individual ash trays and arm- rests are points of vantage in air-conditioned spaciousness.

THE COFFEE SHOP Deluxe Scenic Dome Coaches are the ultimate in luxurious economy for transcontinental travellers who go the Cana- dian Pacific way. The "Sky- line" coaches feature a Coffee Shop for economical meals in addition to the 24-seat upper- level Scenic Dome and 26 reserved seats with adjust- able full-length leg rests for travel comfort by day or night. Wide, picture windows, decorator design and wall-to- wall carpets add to their economical luxury.

The World's Longest Dome Ride

15 / ell (Continued from page I 3) quarters of the Eastern • MEDICINE HAT Irrigation District which supervises 167,000 acres watered from the Bow River. Its industries include • DUN MORE canning, commercial fishing and seed. Pheasant and duck are hunted in the area. Sir Leonard Tilley, • PASHLEY early statesman, lends his name to a grain shipping point with 25,000 irrigated acres at mileage 53.4. • IRVINE Alderson bears the name of a commander of Canadian troops in 1915-16. At Suffield, where the • WALSH Suffield Sub-Division branches, there is a Defence Research Board experimental station. One of the many irrigation canals that supply this thirsty area • HATTON is bridged at mileage 19.5. Bowell commemorates an early Canadian statesman and Redcliff, its • KINCORTH name set by the colour of the nearby river bank, with a population of 700 makes glass, chinaware, and bricks. The 1,000-foot wide Saskatchewan • MAPLE CREEK River is spanned at mileage 0.3. In the 175.8 miles * between Calgary and Medicine Hat, junction of • CAR DELL the Brooks and Maple Creek Sub-Divisions, the Canadian Pacific main line has been lowered by • CROSS 1,257 feet. Typical prairie scene • PIAPOT Maple Creek Medicine Hat, population 17,925, continental line now passes through the "Dry Belt", Sub-Division claims natural gas, chinaware, clay • SIDE WOOD rendered, as you have seen, considerably less products, porcelain, brick and tile, concrete and arid by irrigation projects and the advancing • TOMPKINS flour milling amongst its activities. Here the Maple techniques of modern farming. At Swift Current the Creek and Brooks Sub-Divisions join and a line Maple Creek and Swift Current Sub-Divisions join. • CARMICHAEL branches south for the Canadian Pacific route via Fort MacLeod through the southern Rockies, Swift Current Swift Current, population 8,000, • GULL LAKE the Crowsnest Pass and Coquihalla Canyon. Sub-Division altitude 2,432 feet, handles grain Originally called Saamis Indian for the tepee of • ANTELOPE creamery products, tanning and castings. The city's a medicine man — Medicine Hat is built on the tree-lined streets and parks are in direct contrast southern terraces of the South Saskatchewan to the dry surrounding hills which lend themselves to • WEBB River at its junction with Ross and Seven Persons the study of soil and crop problems of semi-arid Creeks. Industries, homes and a number of large areas, carried out at the Dominion Agricultural greenhouses are heated by natural gas. At mileage Experimental Station. Saskatchewan's 252,700 146.2 Seven Persons Creek is crossed. This river square miles, extending northward to the 60th • BEVERLEY owes its somewhat peculiar name to an Indian fight parallel of latitude, enclose many different types farther south in which seven Blackfoot warriors of country. From the central part of the province SWIFT CURRENT were killed by warring Assiniboines. Between northward, a land of lakes and forests forms ideal Irvine, named for Colonel Irvine of the Royal North holiday country. In the Saskatchewan River delta AIKINS West Mounted Police, and Mackay Creek, mileage muskrat is especially plentiful. There, other fur- 115.7, four creeks are spanned. Ross Creek flows bearing animals ore mink, weasel, squirrel and WALDECK south of Irvine, where Cross Creek is bridged. beaver. The northern area is a range for barren RUSH LAKE Walsh, mileage 115.2, is the last station in Alberta, land caribou, deer, elk, moose and antelope — the boundary with Saskatchewan coming midway all carefully protected by closed seasons and HERBERT between it and Hatton,Sask.,junction with the Hatton hunting regulations. Ducks breed in the northern Sub-Division. Boxelder Creek is crossed at mileage country, too. Lumbering is carried on in the Porcu- • MORSE 111. Maple Creek, grain shipping point for the pine and Pasquia Hills regions and the Torch River surrounding territory, takes its name from the river area. The Alkali lakes seen from time to time • ERNFOLD spanned by the Canadian Pacific main line at through southern Saskatchewan yield sodium sul- mileage 84.9. At Hay Lake, 80.4, and an unnamed phate for paper mills in Ontario and Quebec and the copper-nickel refineries at Sudbury, Ont. • UREN lake at mileage 75.5 wild fowl are frequently spotted. Piapot on the eastern slope of the long, At mileage 110, a 1,000-foot bridge takes the • CHAPLIN shallow bowl of which Medicine Hat is the low train across Swift Current Creek, a tributary of point, commemorates an Indian chief of the 1880's. the , which parallels SECRETAN the track to the north as far as mileage 99. • South of mileage 89 a lake enlivens the scene, as The sloughs of Saskatchewan are of immense do two others north of Sidewood. Between mileages interest to wild life conservationists and hunters, as • PAR KBEG 40-39 Whitegull Lake parallels the line and near they serve as feeding and breeding places for Gull Lake station the Gull and Antelope Rivers are green-neck mallard, black duck, pintail, canvas • MORTLACH crossed. North of the line, between Webb and back, widgeon, teal. Also seen in this part of the Beverley, Gander and Goose Lakes, a few miles country are the California gull and Franklin's gull, CARON apart, attest the migration of the great Canada prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse, Hungarian Geese every spring and fall. Antelope is named partridge, snipe, ptarmigan. A local slough, Death • BOHARM for the river crossed at mileage 29. The trans- Lake, by a combination of the French "mart" and 16 Indian "Iach" names the station, Mortlach. Caron Choice of the present name was made by Lt.-Gov. MOOSE JAW • gets its name from a former Canadian Minister of Dewdney in honour of Queen Victoria, when the Militia, Sir Adolphe C. Caron. It is another grain city was chosen as capital of the Northwest PASQUA shipping point. Boharm, named for Lord Strathcona's Territories. Meat packing, brewing, oil refining, home in Scotland, with an altitude of 1,802 feet tanning, wood working, metal manufacturing, milk MADRID

above sea level, shows that the long slope to the products, tanks, agricultural implements, sand and BELLE PLAINE east continues steady, but subscribers to the theory gravel are amongst Regina's industries. The origi- that the prairies are flat are in for an awakening nal Mounted Police chapel, Regina Fair Grounds PENSE

in the miles ahead. Moose Jaw, junction of the and airport from which Canadian Pacific Airlines GRAND COULEE Swift Current and Indian Head Sub-Divisions, sets a serve central and north-western Saskatchewan are all visible from the train. Pilot Butte's name, once halt to the downgrade. fr\ REGINA • you note the low elevation north of the track, Indian Head Moose Jaw, population 26,000, becomes obvious—many an ox-waggon train must Sub-Division headquarters of the Saskatchewan have used it for a landmark. To McLean, altitude PILOT BUTTE District of the Canadian Pacific, is Saskatchewan's 2,294, goes the distinction of being the apex of BALGONIE third largest city. At the confluence of Moose Jaw the prairies. It forms the "hump" referred to earlier, River and Thunder Creek, Moose Jaw flouts the the downward progression being practically con- MclEAN prairie tradition with an active aquatic club seen stant to Lydiatt, Man., the theoretical eastern limit • from the train just south of the track. The city of the prairie belt. History does not seem to record busies itself with elevators and milling, cold storage, who called who when Qu'Appelle was named. OU'APPELLE • meat products, oil refining, insulation, dairy prod- Indian Head, population 1,500 has a forest nursery ucts, machinery, furs and hides, sash and doors, station, experimental farm and entomological labor- INDIAN HEAD bags, blankets, seeds, rubber products and a num- atory. This country forms part of "Palliser's Triangle", ber of smaller industries. The location was first an area surveyed by Captain John Palliser for the chosen by Captain Palliser in September, 1857, Colonial Office of Great Britain,1857-60. His expe- SINTAIUTA • the first settlers arriving in the spring of 1882 a ditions took him from Lake Superior to beyond the few months before the Canadian Pacific line was Canadian Rockies. Actually, the triangle was a five- WOLSELEY • built. The city's water supply is brought by a 70- sided, irregular area, the southern part, which the mile canal from the South Saskatchewan River. Canadian Pacific traverses, being classified as SUMMERBERRY Moose Jaw's 16 parks total 256 acres. Pasqua, "arid". Look at it today! Thanks to later reports, the Indian word for Prairie, is the junction of the which stressed the summer rainfall, cereal experi- GRENFEll transcontinental main line with The Soo Line con- ments were made and the prairies came into their nection with Minneapolis, St. Paul and Chicago. OAKSHELA own as a great wheatland. Plant breeders, under the Regina, population 74,000, originally enjoyed the direction of the Department of Agriculture, devel- st 19 name of "Pile of Bones", a translation of "Was- oped rust-resistant, quick-ripening "hard" wheat 4 BROADVIEW • cana" which still applies to attractive Wascana today grown on 25,000,000 acres. Attractively Lake within the city limits. Capital of Saskatchewan named Sufnmerberry takes for its title a local PERCIVAL • and seat of the Provincial legislature which, like synonym for the Saskatoon Berry and botanically the Canadian Pacific Hotel Saskatchewan, stands WHITE WODD minded travellers may expect to see in this part of high above the town as a landmark for miles the prairies, aspen, black poplar, high bush cran- BURROWS across the prairie, Regina is the training head- berry, dogwood and some bur oak. Flowering quarters of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police plants include plains cinquefoil, anemone, milk WAPELLA and the original headquarters of the force which vetch, baneberry, sweet and golden peas. Oak- was first known as the North West Mounted Police. • shela, Indian for "child", shows the geographic RED JACKET trend, with an altitude of 1,959 feet. Broadview is !now the junction of the Indian Head and Broadview MOOSOMIN Sub-Divisions. Broadview Another time zone is entered at FLEMING

Sub-Division Broadyley. Here eastbound travel- KIRKELLA lers, leaving the Mountain Time Zone, set watches ahead one hour to Central Standard Time. Wapella is an Indian word for "white snow, Red Jacket is ELKHORN • thought to commemorate the Mounted Police, and Moosomin takes its name from an early Indian HARGRAVE chief. Fleming, easternmost station in Saskatchewan, commemorates Sir Sandford Fleming, former VIP DEN • engineer-in-chief of the Canadian Pacific Railway, originator of Standard Time and surveyor of two RUTLEDGE passes through the Canadian Rockies. Mileage 74.7 marks the boundaries of Saskatchewan and OAK LAKE Manitoba. Kirkella, westernmost Manitoba point, is

the junction with the McAuley Sub-Division. Elk- GRISWOLD horns name calls to local minds a find of top specimen antlers when the line was surveyed. ALEXANDER Virden, population 1,760, junction with the Neu- Moose Jaw Aquatic Club dorf Sub-Division and centre for flour, feed and KEMNAY • 17 • BRANDON C dairy products, once enjoyed the name of Gopher transcontinental trains all pass west of Winnipeg Creek, for the stream crossed at mileage 461 station. To many westbound travellers the first Oak Lake, proud of the tourist resort to the south- sight of the prairies comes as a shock — thanks to • CHATER west, takes its name from the lake; Griswold is an graphic descriptions of "flat, treeless plains" Indian Reservation. At Brandon the Broadview and common to early geographies and school books. • DOUGLAS Carberry Sub-Divisions meet. The "grasslands" so adversely reported on by early surveyors have today become a pattern of wheat- Carberry Brandon, population 21,214, is lands divided into farms ranging from 320 to • HUGHES Sub-Division noted for petroleum products, lum- 480 acres in extent, mostly provided with trees ber and sash, electrical goods, brick, wooden for wind-breaks around buildings, water holes and • CARBERRY pumps, furnaces, seed and dairy products. This in strategic places to guard against soil erosion. mid-prairie city also houses an Experimental Farm, From the elevation of the air-conditioned all- • MELBOURNE Mental Hospital, Indian School, Provincial Exhibi- around windowed Scenic Dome the widened field tion and Brandon College. At mileage 131.3, on • SIDNEY of vision has shown the gently rolling character of the eastern outskirts of the city, the line crosses the the landscape not easily seen from ground level. • AUSTIN Assiniboine River, significant to the history of Lord Selkirk, who measured land in his treaty MACGREGOR western exploration of Canada and the United with the Indians by "as far as a horse can be seen States by early French and Canadian expeditions. across the prairie" could have widened his boun- BAGOT Douglas, its roads sometimes martial in appearance, daries if the chiefs had had today's air-conditioned is close to Shilo Military Camp. Hughes is named for BURNSIDE point of vantage. P General Sir Sam Hughes, Canada's Minister of PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE Militia, 1914-18. MacGregor, junction with the Keewatin The real settlement of the Winnipeg Varcoe Sub-Division, was named for the doctor Sub-Division of today, capital of Manitoba with HIGH BLUFF with Governor-General The Marquess of Lorne on a population of 354,069 in its metropolitan area, POPLAR POINT an early visit. Portage la Prairie, population 8,500, began with the building of Fort Gibraltar by men junction with the Minnedosa Sub-Division, a market- of the North West Company in 1806. Further REABURN ing, manufacturing and dairy centre, owed its development came five years later when the Earl first settlement to Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, of Selkirk bought control of the Hudson's Bay Com- MARQUETTE Sieur de la Verendrye, Canadian-born explorer pany in order to obtain a grant of 100,000 square who, with his sons Jean, Pierre, Louis and Francois, miles of Red River lands for colonization. Driven MEADOWS established Fort la Reine there in 1731, the first off three years later by North West traders, the ROSSER white men to reach the prairies. Paddling from colony soon regained its feet and Winnipeg has Montreal by way of the Ottawa, Lake Huron, developed ever since. Financial and commercial BERGEN Lake Superior, Pigeon River (west of Fort William), headquarters for Western Canada, Winnipeg's the Lake of the Woods, the Red and Assiniboine industries include slaughtering, meat packing, flour WINNIPEG p (r rivers, they discovered that only 15 miles separated and feed, printing, publishing, general manufac- the new fort from Lake Manitoba and established turing, clothing, brewing, baking and transporta- NORTH TRANSCONA the portage which opened a route via Lake Winni- tion, it being the focus of rail travel to the major OAKBANK peg and the Hayes or Nelson Rivers to Hudson points of the compass. Fort Garry, a stone building Bay. Further explorations from this base included established by the Hudson's Bay Company, is • HAZELRIOGE • the Saskatchewan River and, south and west, to maintained today, and a relic of early Canadian CLOVERLEAF the Mandan Indians, near the headwaters of the Pacific days, the earliest locomotive, The Countess Missouri River. After their father's death, Pierre of Dufferin", may be visited while the transcontin- LYDIATT and Louis became the first white men to see the ental train is in the station. Here is the Canadian MO L SON Rocky Mountains, probably somewhere in Wyom- Pacific Royal Alexandra Hotel, the magnificent ing. Pierre, North Dakota, named for the explorer, Manitoba Parliament Buildings and, of course, the JULIUS was the spot selected by him for the burial of a confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers that memento, which was unearthed in 1913. South of made the site so attractive for settlement. La Veren- SHELLEY the line, the Assiniboine River which bore the canoes drye established the first known settlement at of the traders and, later, the York boats of Hudson's Winnipeg by building a post he named Fort Rouge WHITEMOUTH Bay Company factors, parallels the railway from in 1738. Lydiatt, altitude 825 feet, is looked upon Brandon to Winnipeg. Ox-waggon trails across geographically as the western boundary of the • DARWIN the trackless prairie in the early 19th Century may belt of marshland that separates the prairies from actually have traced the rail's path from Winnipeg the "Central Coniferous Region" of Canada. At • RENNIE at least as far as Portage la Prairie before slanting Molson the Lac Dubonnet Sub-Division which links north and west towards the fur country. Busy Great Falls to the north with Winnipeg, via Tyndall, Stevenson Airport, Winnipeg's international field crosses the main line. Whitemouth, a prosperous • TELFORD from which Canadian Pacific Airlines serve Churchill business centre, serves a district population of on Hudson Bay is north of the line at mileage 5.7. 3,000. The Whitemouth River is crossed at mileage • Winnipeg, junction of the Carberry and Keewatin 71.3, and the Bog River at 69. Darwin bears the INGOLF Sub-Divisions, ends the Second Prairie Plain, a name of the famous scientist and author of "The • LOWTHER granary of magnificent proportions! Its settlement Origin of Species". This area really shows the and development were directly traceable to the transitional marsh fringe that separates prairie • BA STEED building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the and coniferous regions, its approximate boun- • LACLU 1880's and the interrelation of grain and trans- daries being mileages 90 and 50. The bridge at • portation are nowhere more clearly demonstrated mileage 35.5 spans Caddy Lake and at mileage KEEWATIN than in the great marshalling yards through which 33.4 the boundary of Manitoba and Ontario is 18 Canadian Pacific follows in the main the routes of crossed. Anglers will be tempted by the lake at KENDRA mileage 19 and by Deception Lake which is early explorers is emphasized again by the nam- crossed at mileage 15. Laclu is a French contraction ing of Ignace, junction of the Ignace and Kaminis- MARGACH of Lake Lulu. Keewatin, Ojibway Indian word for tiquia Sub-Divisions. "home of the north-west wind", population 1,634, SCOVIt Kaministiquia South of Ignace lies Azimik Lake mills 12,000 barrels of flour a day and processes Sub-Division and mileage 138 marks the cross- lumber. It is the starting point for tourist expeditions XAWK LAKE ing of the swift Gulliver River. Bonheur, an easy to the Sturgeon River and Black Sturgeon Lakes PINE area. At Keewatin, the Keewatin and Ignace guess, is named for the famous French painter of animals. South, the track is bordered at mileage Sub-Divisions join. EDISON 128 by Raven Lake. The Megikons River, the east ignace Originally named Rat Portage be- branch of which is bridged at mileage 126, indi- VERMILION BAY Sub-Division cause of the muskrat crossing seen cates its namer's nationality, as do Scotch River, GUN NE by La Verendrye after the establishment of his mileage 112, and English River, close to the station fort on the west shore of the Lake of the Woods, of the same name. Ornithologists will scan the EAGLE RIVER Kenora, a Canadian Pacific Division Headquarters, skies above Hawk Lake, south at mileage 108 and MINNITAKI on the route of the La Verendrye expeditions to naturalists the banks of Beaver River (mileage 100). the headwaters of the Missouri River, played an Niblock Station recalls a former railway super- OXDRIFT important part in the early history of North Ameri- intendent. Fishermen will take hungry looks at can exploration. In 1899, the nearby village of Firesteel River, spanned at mileage 88.5, and the -rm DRYDEN Norman was united with Rat Portage and the new long lake south of the line at mileage 86.5. The BARCLAY name, taken from KE for Keewatin, NO for Norman hardy voyageurs who made the early trips through and RA for Rat Portage, was established. Today, this beautiful, but rugged, land of forests, lakes and with a population of 9,103, this newsprint, brewing, streams, would have had it easier had fire- commercial fishing centre on the northern tip of the watchers' towers like that north of the track at vOINORWIC Lake of the Woods, is the tourist entrance to a mileage 85, been in existence. An odd name — DYMENT great holiday land famous for its thousands of remember your French lessons? — Lac des Milles wooded islands ideal for boating, swimming and Lacs titles the water the line crossed at mileage 71, TACHE fishing. Here the Canadian Pacific established actually the northeast arm of the "Lake of a Devil's Gap Lodge, a very popular holiday and Thousand Lakes". "Savannah" — an Indian word RALEIGH fishing resort well known across the North American for "level tract of land" suffered a slight trans- continent. Island Lake's southern tip is crossed at lation at Savanne, mileage 71.3, a tie, pulp and mileage 139 and the lake visible to the south of cordwood shipping point where the north branch OSAQUAN Scovil station is Scovil Lake. The tip of Eagle of the Savanne River is bridged. The main river to is visible, to the south, at mileage 58. McGhie Lake appears south of the track at mileage 88 S- ThrlIGNACE and Eagle River station serves a hunting and Lake is the water seen southward from mileage fishing centre whose river feeds the lake. Beaver 51.5. Between here and mileage 48.5 several Creek, one of the many of this name, crossed by the tributarier, of the Oskondaga River are crossed. BONHEUR • Canadian Pacific transcontinental main line between Buda is a shortening of Budapest and Finmark east and west tidewaters, is spanned at mileage perpetuates the name of an early settler. Sunshine MARTIN 77.4. Minnitaki, mileage 75.3, is an Indian invita- Creek is bridged at mileage 32. The Matawan tion to "take a drink" a rather more robust River is crossed twice, at mileage 25.5 and, two v/E/t/1GLISH RIVER name than that of Aubrey Creek, bridged at miles east, at Kaministiquia, graphically chosen mileage 75. Oxdrift, a shipping point for high- Indian word for "twisting water". Farming and mink ranching keep this area busy. Vegetation grade clover seed, owes its unusual name to the NIBLOCK • fact that a herdsman reported to railway con- here, as across the Great Lakes, includes sumach, struction engineers that oxen missing from his tally hawthorn, raspberry, blackberry, honeysuckle and had ''drifted away". Dryden, population 3,000, thimbleberry bushes in addition to conifers. At UPSALA • was named for the late Hon. John Dryden, Minister mileage 23 Strawberry Creek, a tributary of the of Agriculture. In addition to being a popular Kaministiquia River is spanned, and five miles tourist centre, Dryden, where the Wabigoon River east the historic river can be seen to the south. SAVANNE is crossed, makes wood-pulp, paper and paper Murillo, mileage 12.5, bears the name of the bags. At mileage 53 the line passes between famous Spanish artist, and at mileage 7.6 the Thunder Lake to the north and Wabigoon Lake, an Keebing River is visible to the south. The first inlet of which it bridges at mileage 50. To the trading post at the mouth of the Kaministiquia RAITH south, Dinorwic Lake connects with Wabigoon Lake. River was built by French settlers in 1678, but the Dinorwic, a Hudson's Bay Post in the days of the city owes its name to the fort constructed by fur trade, marks the junction of a former trail William McGillivray of The North West Company known as the North Highway with the Trans- BUDA in 1801-3. Surrounded by 15-foot palisades, the Canada Highway. Dyment is a shipping point for farms, lumber camps and a gold-mining area. fort buildings included a metal-roofed powder FIN MARK Tourist camps on both sides of Raleigh Lake, magazine and the famous Great Hall which was south of the track, point to the sporting importance parchment-windowed, hung with paintings in- KAMINISTIQUIA of Raleigh station, named after the famous Sir cluding King George III, Lord Nelson and the Battle Walter, as a centre for trout and pickerel. Osaquan of the Nile. David Thompson's great map, now in MURILLO takes its name for the river crossed at mileage 6. the Ontario archives in Toronto, held one place of • The fact that today's short-cut across Canada by honour, a bust of Simon McTavish, head of the WEST FORT WILLIAM 19 :-

• FORT WILLIAM b - company, the other. From the great fort explorers waters, noted for sporting fish enliven the next 20

PORT ARTHUR gilirc and traders, by canoe and portage, pioneered the miles. Notable among them are the Jackfish River route now approximated by the Canadian Pacific (53.5), Kama Bay, mileage 50, Jack Pine River, main line. They saw, but not as well as modern MACKENZIE mileage 45.4 and Big Gravel River at mileage 33.2. travellers from their Scenic Domes, Mount McKay Facing south to Isle St. Ignace, and all sailors' (south), travelled the Kaministiquia River, which is landmarks in Nipigon Bay, are Grant Point, Moun- LOON bridged near West Fort William. Their names tain Bay, Rainboth Point, Gravel Bay, Crow Point included La Verendrye, Lord Selkirk, Alexander and Pays Plat Bay. The Pays Plat River is bridged PEARL Henry, Cadotte, Colonel Wolseley, and rugged at mileage 22.4. Rossport, mileage 14.3, is a though the territory may seem to railway travellers, shipping point for the famous Lake Superior Trout OUIMET to them, threading their way from lake to lake it featured in the dining room car. Schreiber is the was really gruelling travel. Fort William, junction junction of the Nipigon and Heron Bay Sub-Divisions. DORION of the Kaministiquia and Nipigon Sub-Divisions, is the western limit of the Eastern Standard Time Heron Bay Schreiber has a population of HURKETT Zone. Watches are advanced one hour. Sub-Division 1,840. Named for the noted engi- neer, Sir Collingwood Schreiber, in 1887, it was Nipigon Between Fort William and Schrei- formerly known as Isbester's Landing. Terrace, RED ROCK Sub-Division ber the Canadian Pacific main once known as "Black'', population 1,597, has a transcontinental line follows the contours of Lake 325-ton paper mill operated by power from the Superior's rocky north shore, leaving the coast from Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission plant time to time by short cuts across promontories. Fort on the Aguasabon River, which is crossed at mileage • NIPIGON William, at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River, 110.5. The power development at 112.8 generates continues the tradition of transportation service in 53,000 h.p., a 3,500-foot tunnel leading the water which history gives that city an honoured place. under the track from Hayes Lake to the power The twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur, house at the lake side. At mileage 102.7 a monu- combined population 66,000, known as The Lake- ment marks the meeting of eastern and western head" ports, handle upwards of 2,500 ships with railway construction gangs in this district in 1885. a tonnage of around 7,000,000 every year. Grain The attention-holding sight of the line's curve elevators line the miles of waterfront, the passenger around Jack Fish Bay keeps all eyes south. But at liners "Assiniboia" and "Keewatin" sail twice the apex of the horseshoe note the still water north weekly during the navigation season for Sault Ste. of the causeway. This whole area is popular with Marie and Port McNicoll. Other manufacturing, wild-fowl and many a flotilla of little ducks, grossing upwards of $75,000,000 annually, adds paddling in formation with the parent may be • ROSSPORT to the prosperity of the great ports. Southward, seen in breeding time. At Jack Fish mighty Lake the great natural harbour of Thunder Bay, shel- Superior stretches south as far as eye can see. tered by Thunder Cape and Pie Island, is still in Steel River is spanned at mileage 94.8, Prairie S 611AP • SCHREIBER sight at mileage 123. Thunder Cape, known to River at mileage 80 and Little Pic River nine miles water-borne travellers by Canadian Pacific Great east. Neys, highway construction headquarters, TERRACE BAY Lakes Steamships as The Sleeping Giant", ex- and Coldwell, a commercial fishing village perched tends north-eastward from its craggy promontory on the lip of the deeply-indented rock-bound for 24 miles as a wild-life sanctuary. Loon station, "North Shore of Lake Superior", are starkly pic- JACK FISH named for Loon Lake, north of mileage 101, is the turesque. Marathon, formerly known as Peninsula, stop for the sanctuary, Sibley Provincial Park — population 3,000, takes its name from paper mills selected for decoration of the Mural Lounge of that produce 325 tons of sulphate per day. Wood • NEYS the Scenic Dome Lounge Sleeper that bears the for the mill is driven down the Pic River to Lake park's name. Pearl takes its name from the river Superior and towed to Peninsula Harbour where COLDWELI spanned at 96.3. Dorion, a commercial fishing large rafts are frequently seen. Lake Superior is port that once boasted lead and zinc mines, is hidden from view after a last sight at mileage • ANGLER mineral-minded again with diamond drills at work 56.4. Heron Bay, named for the Jesuit missionary on the old properties. The Coldwater (mileage 84) Pere Heron, is a commercial fishing centre. At • MARATHON and Wolf (83) Rivers both intersect the main line mileage 54.4 the Big Pic River, sometimes filled on their way southward to Lake Superior. At with logs for Marathon, is bridged, and Little HERON BAY Hurkett, a centre for woods operations and com- Black River at 50.4. Visible from the Scenic Dome mercial fishing, the track cuts across a 15-mile-wide between Heron Bay and Hemlo are the flumes peninsula to Red Rock, crossing the Black Sturgeon down which logs are sluiced, after barking, to River at mileage 73.9. Red Rock, population 1,868, Heron Bay harbour. Hemlo, woods operations named for the local rock formation, centres around centre, processes 150,000 cords annually. Cache a wood-pulp board, container and paper industry Lake is crossed at mileage 40.5 and continues HEMLO with a daily tonnage capacity in excess of 800. south of the line to mileage 39 where Cache Creek An arm of Nipigon Bay is crossed near mileage 65. enters it. North, from mileage 36 is Cedar Lake, Mileage 62.4 marks the Nipigon River and the fed near mileage 35.5 by Cedar Creek. Between name, meaning "clear, fast water", is given to the mileages 33.9 and 32.9 Cedar River is bridged town of 2,166 population. Ground wood pulp, twice by the tracks. The White River is spanned fishing camps, summer resorts and a hydro- at mileage 24.7. At Mobert, a contraction of • MOBERT electric development on the southern tip of Helen Montizambert, the Hudson's Bay Company post, Lake (north) are the local industries. Well-named established before the Canadian Pacific was built, REGAN 20 WHITE RIVER still operates. There is an Ojibway Indian settle- oak; yellow birch; white elm; white and black ash; ment here. Tumbling rapids and fast white water white elm and hazel are seen. The Nebskwashi to test paddlers' skill to the utmost abounds in River marks mileage 135 and at Nemegos, which this country. Regan is the supply point for local means "flowing water", the Nemegosanda River woods operations. Pulpwood cut in this area is is bridged. Claims have been staked out in the driven down the White River to Lake Superior country north of here for titanium, phosphate and

for rafting to Sault Ste. Marie. An arm of White iron. We cross an arm of Nemegos Lake at mileage AMYOT Lake is crossed at mileage 19, and at 15.3 the 120 and the Kinogama River for the first time at line spans the Bremner River. At mileage 12.2, the mileage 111.7, the Aspiskanagama at 107.5 and White River is crossed and it continues south of the the Kinogama again at 105.5. To the north from line eastward to mileage 6. White River, obviously Ridout Station the line is paralleled by the Ridout named, is the meeting point of the Heron Bay and River which is crossed twice near mileage 99. FRANZ White River Sub-Divisions. There are so many lakes and rivers in this game- filled area that only a few have names. At Sultan White River Still in the coniferous belt, with the saw and planing mill handles pulpwood, pit- LOCHALSH Sub-Division lack pine as the most important props, ties and lumber. Wakamagasing River is source of pulpwood, White River is a meteorolo- crossed at mileage 95. The fast-flowing water gical reporting station which frequently registers north of the line is the Woman River, which gives MISSANABIE very low temperatures. More crossings of the White its name to the station at mileage 86.2. Turnbull River, at mileages 129.2 and, after bridging the Lake lies south of the line now and the river of the Pickerel at 122.6, at 117.6 emphasize the impor- same name is crossed at mileage 80. Cavell Lake DALTON tance of this stream to the territory. From mileage is the open water south of mileage 78. Biscotasing, 115 Lake Negwazu parallels the track to Amyot, another Indian word, means "body of water with a tourist centre. The Magpie River is bridged at long arms" — another example of the picturesque BO1KOW • mileage 88.2. A mile east, to the south a power tongue that named so much of Canada! Here are dam is visible and at mileage 87 an arm of Esnagi tourist camps and a district headquarters and NICHOLSON • Lake is spanned. Sounds of a crossover at mileage woods flying base of the Ontario Forestry Service. 81.4 draw attention to Franz, junction with the The lake is crossed at mileage 54 and another Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway. Leaving arm of Biscotasing Lake at 52.5. Metagama, Franz, look south for Hoban Lake. Lochalsh is Indian for "river flows out of the lake" is famous 04 hard enough to pronounce but it seems simpler as a starting point for hunters and fishermen. • when you look north for Wabatongushi Lake. The From mileage 30 the Spanish River flows north of NEMEGOS • Scottish settlers who named this part of the country the track to mileage 28, and for the next two miles KINOGAMA • were responsible for the Lochlomond River, mileage — on the south — is Pogamasing Lake. Pogamasing 64.2 and Lochalsh River at 61.6. Missanabie, River is spanned at mileage 25. The station of the KOR MAC • Indian for "big water", was a station on the old same name serves woods operations on the river. RIDOUT • fur route by water from James Bay to Lake Superior. The Sparish River, scene of many a log run, Dog Lake is crossed at mileage 57. Carry Lake, parallels the line to the south at mileage 17.5. SULTAN • south, and a creek that serves Pickle Lake to the North of the track near Geneva station is Geneva north, are marked by mileage 46. North of the Lake and on the same side, a mile and a half WOMAN RIVER • track, too, at mileage 44 lies Lake Ogawisi. The east, Hess Lake. At Cartier the Nemegos and line crosses GoIdle Lake near mileage 32. Nostal- Cartier Sub-Divisions meet. gically named Windermere Lake is a Forestry RAMSAY headquarters. Lakes, on both sides of the track Cartier From Cartier the line heads east- at mileage 3, continue to offer glimpses of wild- Sub-Division ward still towards the mining belt life to the alert watcher. Herring and ring-billed of northern Ontario. The lake south of mileage 104.5, generally rough due to prevailing winds, gulls are common and sharp eyes will identify BISCOTASING robins, cardinals, catbirds, bobolinks, red-winged gives its name to Windy Lake station. Levack, blackbirds. The track now follows the southern population 2,000, serves nickel mines in its locality 1 boundary of the Chapleau Game Preserve. and is the junction with a mine railroad. The Ver- Chapleau, junction of the White River and Nemegos milion River, crossed at mileage 97, shows that METAGAMA Sub-Divisions, population 3,936, is an educational red war-paints were as popular among the Woods and banking centre and district headquarters of Indians of the east as the Plains Indians of the the Ontario departments of Lands and Forests, and west. Larchwood, named by a lumber developer, POGOMASING Game and Fisheries. On the station lawn a monu- is a cue to the preponderance of this timber in the ment commemorates Louis Hemon, author of the district. Chelmsford, near the crossing of the Canadian classic "Maria Chapdelaine", who died Whitson River, was named for a town in Essex GENEVA there. The Kebsquasheshing River flows through County, England. South of the track, near mileage here. 89, is Whitewater Lake. Azilda station honours the memory of the first woman settler in the mining WINDY LAKE Nemegos To generalize a little, the Canadian country. At mileage 81.5 workings of nickel and LEVACK Sub-Division Pacific main line between Cartier copper mines show to the north and huge stacks to and Kenora penetrates the "Great Lakes Forest the south indicate a smelter. South of the line LARCH WOOD

Region" and there are many evidences of lumbering Ramsey Lake, handy terminus for bush airplanes, CHELMSFORD to be seen. Such woods as white, red and jack faces the headquarters of the Sudbury Division pine; tamarack, hemlock, balsam fir, white spruce; of the Canadian Pacific and junction for the Nickel • lb AZILD sugar, red and silver maple; red, bur and white and Webbwood Sub-Divisions. Incorporated as a • 21I Go\ SUDBURY ROMFORD • city in 1930, Sudbury was established in 1883 when the railway was built and copper ore, economic foundation of the city's early prosperity, was un- DILL • covered. Today, in addition to nickel and copper mining, smelting and refining, this city of 60,239 population deals in rough and dressed lumber, • WANUP concrete, glass and paint, brick and cement blocks, steel fabrication, concentrators, mining equipment, tile, building products, ties and smaller BURWASH industries. Parry Sound At Romford, first station east of PAD El Sub-Division Sudbury, Toronto-bound trains leave the Cartier Sub-Division to head southward through cuts blasted out of the strange geological DELAMERE formation of striated rock, tilted by some ancient upheaval. The uneven effects of the explosive charges show the difficulties faced by the builders BUTTER of the railway. At mileage 120.5, north of the track can be seen the big refinery at Coniston, seen again through broken country from mileage BIG WOOD 117.5. Lonesome in the surrounding bush at mileage 116, a small farm gives faint promise of lush agri- FRENCH RIVER culture ahead. The Wanapitel River is crossed at WANIKEWIN mileage 112.9. Pot lakes—with no apparent source or outlet — characterize this rocky country and Bala Falls PICKEREL there are many in the Sudbury Game Preserve between mileage boards 110 and 104. Kakaki- of lakes lies between the track and Georgian Bay, PAKESLEY waganda Lake is crossed near mileage 103. and at 44.5 the Shawanaga River is crossed. Between mileages 98 and 95 beaver lodges are South, again, at mileage 40, the buildings of BEKANON visible in lakes both sides of the line and deer and Shawanaga Indian Reserve attest Canada's in- occasional elk are seen from time to tine North terest in the aboriginal tribes. Keep your eyes on • BRITT and above the line at mileage 83.4 French River the alert for deer and other small game around the Bungalow Camp perches on the rocks, a popular many lakes, large and small, both sides of the track. • BYNG INLET tourist resort that caters to golf, fishing and boating Nobel, named for the Swedish scientist and philan- enthusiasts. The French River, famous in history as thropist who established the Nobel Peace Prizes, the route of early explorers of Canada and the has, in addition to the explosives plant to be west and southern states, is crossed on its way from expected, a test plant for airplane engines. South • NAISCOOT Lake Nipissing to Georgian Bay (see the pages of the Canadian Pacific main line between Van- from Romford to Montreal for fuller particulars), couver and Toronto at mileage 29, is the model followed by the equally scenic Pickerel River, at town which houses employees of the explosives mileage 81. The Pickerel parallels the line for plant. From the same window, at mileage 28, a • MANBERT half a mile, north of the track. Lakes dot both glimpse of Georgian Bay is gained. At 27.5 sides for the next few miles and the Key River is Portage Lake (north) connects with the Seguin bridged at mileage 72.6. Trim, white buildings, River and Mill Lake, and mileage 26 rewards a • PIE. AU BARK radio antenna and flag-pole south at mileage 68 southward look with a good view of Georgian designate the Still River Detachment of the Bay. Parry Sound, population 5,000, deals in Ontario Provincial Police and at mileage 67.5 a forest products, dressed lumber, wood products • SHAWANAGA steel arch and concrete bridge carries a highway and boat building, is a gateway to Georgian Bay above the railway and the Still River. Britt, with a and noted fishing and hunting centre. The high population of 1,200, is a lake port, unloading large railway bridge across the Seguin River gives an CARLING cargoes of coal from United States lake ports excellent view of Seguin Falls in the north and the destined to Northern Ontario. Byng Inlet, named town lying picturesquely in the valley. At mileages • NOBEL for Lord Byng of Vimy, former Governor-General 22.6 and 20 the Seguin and Boyne Rivers are of Canada, marks the mouth of the Magnetawan bridged on their way to Georgian Bay, and at 1/40, River, crossed by a bridge nearly 300 yards long. mileage 17, the line crosses Otter Lake Narrows. • PARRY SOUND 1/ At mileage 55 the Naiscootyong River is crossed. Half a mile east there are lakes both sides of the The tourist resort to the south is not far from the • DOCKMURE track. In defiance of the major land characteristics, "Naiscoot", or Burnt Point, which commemorates a a farm, sited on a lake north of the line enlivens • OTTER LAKE legendary fire that destroyed Indian hunting the scene at mileage 15. Rosseau Road perpetuates BLACK ROAD grounds. A typical beaver pond north at mileage the old stage route to Rosseau Village and Lake

ROSSEAU ROAD 51 may reward sharp eyes with a sight of beavers Joseph, to the north at mileage 3.5, and Lake at work. Pointe au Baril, originally identified by a Stewart at 1.2, two of the famed Muskoka Lakes, BRIGNALL barrel on a pole, at the apex of a narrow inlet introduce a holiday atmosphere into the country- of Georgian Bay, is a popular summer resort side. The transition to farm land through wooded GORDON BAY south of the line well seen from the high bridge at holiday lakes from the Ontario forest has taken LAKE JOSEPH mileage 49. Between mileages 46 and 45 a chain place between Romford and MacTier, eastern end 22

••• of the Parry Sound Sub-Division in a way marked cent of the country behind, is an outpost on the edge '7014'A MACTIER by the changing scenery that unrolled on all sides of a reforestation area that extends on both sides for the sightseer in his comfortable seat in a Cana- • of the line. The high bridge at mileage 68, gives dian Pacific Scenic Dome. Game, less evident in a fine view of the project which is administered RODE RICK cleared land except for occasional red-fox and locally from Midhurst. The Ontario Provincial ground hog, includes deer, beaver, porcupine, Forestry Station at mileage 66, south of the line, BALA is the operational headquarters. Memories of the skunk, mink and muskrat. The Canadian Shield P• toward the western limit thinned out through rocks, west will be stirred at mileage 65.5, south of the pot lakes and coniferous trees to the more open track, where log farm buildings are still in use. On the same side, mileage 62.5, a lake suggests country between Muskoka and Lake Ontario. At SEVERN FALLS MacTier the Parry Sound and MacTier Sub- summer sport. Ypres, named for a famous Canadian Divisions join. battle of World War I, is the junction for Camp Borden, largest military establishment in Canada. Macrier Sandwiched between the Muskoka Its 50 square miles includes training centres or LOVERING Sub-Division Lakes north of the track and Geor- detachments of almost every branch of army and 3 ,ITspiy gian Bay on the other side, this countryside is an air force. Alliston, population 2,186, trim and well- ideal holiday area filled with lakes, rivers, gentle kept, is famous as the birthplace of Sir Frederick woodland and meadows. Bala, marked by the Banting, co-discoverer of insulin. Rows of drying MEDONTE Moon and Mishkosh Rivers, by Bala Falls, south of sheds lining the fields around here indicate a major the Canadian Pacific transcontinental line, and crop, tobacco. Beeton was named for a pioneer family, Tottenham for the northern suburb of Lake Muskoka to the north, is the entrance to the LADY Muskoka Lakes area. A pot lake at mileage 113 London, England. Sam Bolton, another pioneer, left his name to his village and Kleinburg was and a long finger-lake pointing north at 111.5 freshen the scene. Lovering still shows evidence of established by Miller Klein, builder of the second CARLEY grist mill recorded on the Humber River. Wood- the Canadian Shield in outcroppings of rock, but bridge, also on the Humber, has textile factories meadows to the south mitigate its harshness. Tied and a famous Fall Fair. Originally called Burwick, CRAIGHARST by its present transportation importance to the for Rowland Burr, who settled there in 1837, it early history of Huronia, Medonte is the junction owes today's name to a bridge built by a man for Port McNicoll, terminus of Canadian Pacific named Wood. Now farmlands are infringed by Great Lakes Steamships that ply between that suburban developments and south of the track MIDHARST port, Sault Ste. Marie and Fort William, historic across the low hills near mileage 10 are the build- highway to Western Canada and the central and ings of Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children (the southern states. Father Brebeuf, travelling via the main building is in the city proper). Weston, popu- ESSA Ottawa, Mattawa and French Rivers in 1626, lation 8,677, makes aircraft, agricultural machinery, explored this area, to return later with Lalemant, truck bodies, cameras, castings, bicycles, floors and Jogues and Danielle. Near Port McNicoll, The woodwork. Toronto, a city of homes, extends Martyrs Shrine commemorates the four, two of widely in a suburban area north, east and west. YPRES whom were tortured and killed at St. Louis, not far Although the city fronts on Lake Ontario it has from Medonte. At mileage 77 a saw mill, reminis- even extended south to include the islands of the BAXTER bay in its residential area. Today this progressive capital of Ontario, visited by Champlain and Brule in 1615, has a population of 1,117,470 in its metro- ALIISTON politan area. Manufacturing centre, site of the Canadian Pacific Royal York Hotel, connected with

the station and civic subway system by a tunnel, BEETON the University of Ontario, Provincial Museum and Art Gallery and some of Canada's tallest buildings; TOTTENHAM this lakeside city is a landmark. Canadian Pacific lines and connections link Toronto with Windsor, PALGRAVE Detroit and Chicago; Hamilton, Buffalo and New York; Montreal. HUMBER

BOLTON Canadian Pacific Highlights

In 1953, 95,211 people were employed by all KIEINBARG services of the Canadian Pacific. Canadian Pacific Railway operated 17,003 miles of track with 1,594 steam locomotives, 365 diesel electric units. WOODBRIDGE Canadian Pacific operates 1,191 coaches, 643 sleeping, dining and parlour cars, 1,038 baggage, mail and express cars. Canadian Pacific operates WESTON S.S. "Assinibole and "Keewatin", Canadian Pacific passenger 9 inland steamships, 11 ocean steamships and 17 liners in the Great Lakes Service, provide a steamer interlude —WEST TORONTO in the transcontinental journey between Port McNicoll and coastal steamships. Fort William. Picture shows arrival at Port McNicoll's flower- PARKDALE gardened pier and station. 23 TORONTO ROM FORD Cartier Montreal-bound travellers have an and Rutherglen, at mileage 94, look north for a CONISTON Sub-Division historical ride ahead of them from glimpse of Lake Talon, one of the chain of lakes Romford east to Canada's great bilingual metrop- that formed the early canoe route to the west and WANAPITEI olis. Between Romford, where the Vancouver- south. The lakes, south of the Canadian Pacific MORKSTAY Toronto transcontinental line branched south, and transcontinental main line at Eau Claire are beaver- Coniston the line was blasted in many places filled, look for lodges on the banks. Trout are caught HAGAR through the iron-hard solid rock of the Canadian, in the Amable du Fond River, crossed at mileage WARREN or pre-Cambrian shield. At Coniston, named for 83. There is little doubt that Radisson, Marquette, the novel by the American author, Winston Churchill, Nicolet, LaSalle and other pioneer discoverers VERNER a population of 2,435 results from operation of a fared well during their arduous journeys to judge by the beaver lodges seen in lakes at mileages CACHE BAY matte smelter, four blast-type furnaces, sintering plant and concentrator. The river, bridged at 79 and 77 and the promise of fish from Earl's STURGEON FALLS mileage 67.3, gives its name to Wanapitei Lake, at mileage 74.5. To the north a high bridge station. Between mileages 58.6 and 57.4 the line carries the Anglier Sub-Division across the Ottawa. MEADOWSIDE crosses the middle branch of the Veuve River five Mattawa, population, 3,300, a forest products times and the North Veuve River just west of Mark- centre, marking the junction of the Mattawa and BEAUCAGE stay, a pulpwood and lumber point named for an Ottawa Rivers, is aptly named by the Indian word NORTH BAY English village. Stag Creek, mileage 41.5, and for meeting of waters. Here Champlain ended his Bear Creek, mileage 39, give clues to early first journey of exploration and here, two years CORSO!. denizens of this area. The Veuve River is seen to later, he started up the Mattawa to Lake Nipissing, the south. Verner, cheese and creamery centre, the French River, Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, a NOSBONSING owes its name to the proprietor of a grocery store route that was followed many years by early there before the Canadian Pacific was built. explorers. Mattawa has been a trading post BON FIELD Cache Bay gets its name from its use by Indians as since 1784. Heading towards the Ottawa River, a hiding place for supplies before the white man the line parallels the Mattawa as far as mileage came. Sturgeon Falls, named for the cataract on 67. More beaver dams and lodges, north of the the Big Sturgeon River, crossed just west of the track at mileage 63, illustrate the industry of EAU CLAIRE station, makes barrel and keg staves and wood- Canada's national animal and at mileage 61, on pulp board — using many woods of no other value. islands in the Ottawa River, have been found Founded in 1885, the town's name was obvious to traces of camp sites of the early explorers whose MATTAWA fishermen. At mileage 12.9 the line crosses Meadow route to the west still parallels the Canadian Creek, named for the nearby pastureland of Pacific main line. At mileage 50.5 indications of Meadowside. Beaucage marks the western limit man's harnessing of nature to produce power are KLOCK of Lake Nipissing, an historic water that comes into seen. The line takes a curve of almost 90', and sight to the south near mileage 5. The land between from the track diversion necessitated by the dam- railway and lake from Sturgeon Bay to mileage 2 is an Indian Reservation. Here also wer, the sites of forts built by the Hudson's Bay and North DEUX RIVIERES West Companies. North Bay is the junction of the Cartier and North Bay Sub-Divisions. North Bay North Bay, population 19,891, a BISSETT Sub-Division stopping place for Champlain in 1615, is an important centre. Diamond drilling equipment, lumber and building products, castings, dairy products, dressed lumber and forest products; the headquarters of the Canadian Pacific Algoma

SIONECLIFFE District and the provincially-owned Ontario North- land Railway to Hudson Bay make this market for 120,000 acres of general farming land a busy place. Islands visible to the south mark the west- MOOR LAKE ward channel of the explorers, and four miles BASS LAKE south along the coast is the site of a post of great

WYLIE importance in the days of the fur trade. At Corbeil an arm of Lake Nipissing known as South Bay CHALK RIVER explains the naming of the busy centre just left behind. Near here the famous Dionne quintuplets were born in 1934. Their advent led to the naming PETAWAWA of the siding passed at mileage 104. All sidings have names but few are as interesting as "Carney" PEMBROKE — the initials of the five girls — Cecile, Annette, Marie, Emilie and Yvonne. Lake Nosbonsing, be- MEATH tween mileages 102.5 and 98.5, is known for bass, pickerel and maskinonge fishing. North of the SNAKE RIVER track at mileage 98 are Bonfield Falls, their name having been given to the next station, formerly known as Callander. Between Bonfield Typical Ontario woodlands COBDEN 24 ming of the Ottawa River, the original main line the Ottawa River. This busy city, named for Pem- can be seen under water on the north side. At broke in Wales, makes box shooks, match blocks, HALEY'S • Deux Rivieres the Magnassippi River enters the matches, office furniture, pulp, lumber, veneer and Ottawa, the two rivers being responsible for the electrical appliances. North from mileage 91 part station's name. The surrounding marsh land at of 23-mile long Allumette Island in the Ottawa PAYNE • mileage 44.5 rewards keen watchers with signs of River can be seen. The hills in this area, especially beaver. Rapids, falls and lakes between mileages north of the track, are noted for the nesting of RENFREW • 40 and 39 interest fishermen and near Bissett, eagles. Separated from the Ottawa by a narrow at mileage 38, the transcontinental line crosses a range of hills the Muskrat River, in a country in bridge once featured by Ripley. Three bridges which rivers flow east and south, reverses this MAYHEW • cross each other and Bissett Creek, the C.P.R. at direction when seen at mileage 84.4. Snake the top, a highway bridge and a local road River station marks the crossing of Snake River by CASTLEFORD bridge. Here the Ottawa River comes in sight the railway. At mileage 79 the spring and fall again, swelled to greater width by the Des Joa- migrations of Canada geese are a sight to remem- SAND POINT chims dam a few miles downstream. Between ber, and, at mileage 75, Muskrat River justifies its BR RESIDE mileages 32 and 31 the old line is visible again name. Cobden is a livestock centre named for the on the north side and, between 31 and 30, another 19th Century British statesman, Haley's serves mag- ARN PRIOR 90' curve brings the whole train in sight. Grant's nesium mines and the Chenaux Falls plant of the Creek is crossed and again, between mileage 28, Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission. At Payne, PAKENHAM just east of Stonecliffe and mileage 26.5 the junction is made with the Eganville Sub-Division to widened Ottawa covers the old roadbed. At the south. The Bonnechere River is bridged at mileage SNEDDEN mileage 22.4 a sawmill in a backwater of the big 59.8. Renfrew, a town of 7,069, is noted for cast- river indicates the country's character. Look north ings, woodworking, refrigerators, airplane engine near mileage 19 for a good view of the Laurentian parts, plastics, flour, feed and textiles. Sand Point, Mountains across the river. The wooded landscape a bar jutting into Chats Lake, to the north, faces AIM ONTE • is broken at mileages 18 and 16.5 by lakes south Norway Bay. Arnprior, population 4,500, devotes and north respectively. At mileage 14, Moor Lake itself to textiles, boat-building, electronics, dairy lies south of the track. Moor Lake Station serves the products, lumbering and construction. Its name, CARLETON PLACE hydro-electric power station opened at Des like that of Braeside, where the Ottawa River is Joachims in 1950. The Canadian Pacific main line visible south of the track for the last time for 40 ASH TON track diversions you have travelled permit dams for miles, is Scottish in origin. At mileage 40 the Mada- this new development which generates 480,000 waska River is crossed. It parallels the line to the h.p. Between mileages 13 and 12, Hart Lake is south as far as mile 39. Pakenham, marked by renowned for good pickerel fishing, but Bass Lake attractive falls south of the railway, commemorates STITTVILLE • (mileage 9) is said to have been given its name in General Sir E. M. Pakenham, killed at the Battle of derision. The stretch between mileages 14 and 7 New Orleans in 1815. Wide meadows and well- WESTBORO is looked upon by hunters as good deer territory. tended groin and root crops characterize this part OTTAWA WEST All told, the country covered by the North Bay Sub- of Ontario. Not as large, well-travelled or well- HULL WEST Division is characterized by geographical qualities known as its counterpart, Canada boasts a Missis- HULL • OTTAWA • of equal interest to industrialists and fishermen. sippi River which is spanned at mileage 24. Almonte, Historians, too, find it a treasure trove. Chalk population 2,617, named for the Mexican General, River marks the junction of the North Bay and is a textile centre. Note, south of track, the clever Chalk River Sub-Divisions. use of mill tailraces in landscaping of gardens. BLACKBURN Junction of the Chalk River and Carleton Place Chalk River Chalk River is served by the Chalk Sub-Divisions is made at Carleton Place. Sub-Division River, for which it is named. NAVAN

At Deep River, five miles from here, is Canada's Carleton Place Carleton Place, whence the Chalk LEONARD atomic energy plant, specializing in the produc- Sub-Division River Sub-Division swings south tion of atomic energy for peacetime purposes. to Smiths Falls on the Canadian Pacific line be- To the south lies Algonquin Provincial Park, a tween Toronto and Montreal, is a manufacturing wild-life sanctuary and holiday area established and market centre with a population of 4,700. HAMMOND by the government of Ontario. At mileage 106.5 From here to Ottawa the main line leaves the river the land both sides of the track begins to show the and takes a shorter route than that of Pere Mar- BOURGET scars of heavy armoured vehicles. To the south is quette, who with fur-trader Louis Joliet, his co- the artillery range of one of Canada's large army explorer of the Mississippi, Ohio, Arkansas, Illinois • training centres through which the line passes for and Chicago Rivers, paddled up the Ottawa River PENDLETON several miles. The entrance to Petawawa Military to Mattawa 350 years ago. At Britannia Bay, on Camp, called Montgomery's Crossing after Vis- the north, the Ottawa to be crossed twice in a count Montgomery, famous World War II Field few minutes comes into view again. Ottawa Marshal, is located north of the line at mileage 105. West is the junction of the Carleton Place and PLANTAGENET Many arms train here, but as the country testifies, M. & O. Sub-Divisions. the emphasis is on mechanization. At Petawawa ALFRED the railway serves a civilian population of 1,100. M. & O. The Ottawa is crossed between Sub-Division Ottawa West and Hull West with, Obvious signs of reforestation between mileage 101 CALEDONIA SPRINGS and 98.5 will delight conservationists. Pembroke, as a result, good views of Chaudiere Falls, the county seat of Renfrew, a city of more than 13,000, lumbering activities on both sides of the river and marks the limit of Champlain's 1613 exploration of governmental Ottawa. For a little less than three McALPIN 25 Iroquois Indians in 1656. To the north, across the VANKLEEK HILL flat, long farmlands the Ottawa heads for its confluence with the St. Lawrence at Vaudreuil, junction of the M. & O. and Winchester Sub- Divisions. STARDALE Winchester Vaudreuil, on the mainland, junction Sub-Division with the main line to Toronto, played a part in the war of 1776, when de Lorimier cap- tured an invading American force. On both sides ST. EUGENE of the island the Ottawa River flows into the St. Lawrence — greatest river draining to the Atlantic coast of North America. Its 1,900 miles drains 359,000 square miles of Ontario, Quebec and the north-eastern United States, Ile Perrot, across the west channel of the Ottawa River, was Lord Jeffery Amherst's camp in 1760 before the capitu- RIGAUD • lation of the French. Across the railway bridge from Ile Perrot is St. Anne's on the Island of Montreal. • DRAGON Below the tracks are the locks used by vessels Ottawa, showing the Rideau Canal, Victoria Square and navigating up and down the Ottawa. To the north • CHOISY Parliament Buildings a veterans' hospital is close to the site of Du Lhut's defeat of the Iroquois in 1690. Golf links and miles the line runs through the Province of Quebec bright new housing developments line the railway • ALSTONVALE then, from Hull, junction of the Maniwaki and Lachute now and there is increasing evidence that the long Sub-Divisions, crosses Brewery Creek, scene of journey from tidewater to tidewater the longest ornithological studies by the Rt. Hon. Malcolm "Dome" ride in the world — is coming to an end. • HUDSON HEIGHTS Macdonald and the Ottawa again for another North of the track, mileage 5.5, sprawls the inter- • HUDSON excellent view of the Canadian Parliament Build- national airport of Montreal, Dorval, followed by ings, and the Rideau Locks. Ottawa, Ont., capital the great Cote St. Luc marshalling yard of the • COMO of Canada, population 202,045, and Hull, Que., Canadian Pacific. Directly south is the industrial population 45,000, in addition to many other suburb of Lachine, population 27,773, named for industries, are lumbering centres. The area was LaSalle's dream of a route to China west of the rapids. Montreal West, junction for Quebec, the • ISLE CADIEUX first seen by Champlain, de Vigneau and Brule. First called Bytown, the city was started by Colonel Laurentian Mountains, Saint John, Halifax, Boston and New York brings us to a stop. Now, all sem- • VAUDRELIII By, builder of the Rideau Canal, in 1827, incor- porated as "Ottawa" in 1854 and chosen as blance of suburbia is lost, Westmount serves mid- capital of Canada in 1858. Hull processes paper, town residents, the industrial city spreads out to • ILE PERROT matches, textiles, cement and meat products. The the south and Windsor Station marks the end of Rideau River, given its name by Champlain on an the line. Montreal, 1,000 miles from the sea, the world's largest inland seaport, is terminus for • STE. ANNES early voyage, is crossed at mileage 85.9. Bourget, once known simply as "The Brook", was named for Canadian Pacific liners in passenger and freight BAIE D'URFE Bishop Bourget, an early head of the Roman service across the Atlantic. Port, manufacturing Catholic diocese of Montreal. Plantagenet, settled centre, focus of the cultures of two great races, in 1798, wears an English royal name, the South greater Montreal — second largest French-speak- BEAUREPAIRE Nation River is crossed at mileage 50.1, and ing city in the world — has a population of BEACONSFIELD Alfred, also settled in 1798, was named for the 1,395,400, is the home of two universities, McGill son of George Ill. Vankleek Hill, called after and Montreal, Cardinalate of the Roman Catholic POINTE CLAIRE Simeon \lankleek — a Loyalist from Dutchess Church and the seat of the Anglican Bishop. County, N.Y., serves a rich farming area. Its popu- Metropolitan hotels, many fine stores, theatres and CEDAR PARK lation is 1,500. A century ago these farmlands were clubs attract visitors. forests that made many fortunes. Almost midway LAKESIDE CLEAR SIGNAL between St. Eugene and Rigaud the boundary VALOIS between Ontario and Quebec is crossed. Rigaud, where the Rigaud River is bridged, has a popula- STRATH MORE tion of 4,287. In addition to industries and religious PINE BEACH institutions there is a strange geological formation known as "The Devil's Garden" here. The Ottawa DORVAL widens soon into the "Lake of the Two Mountains" and the line passes through early established Como, SUMMERLEA where, across the lake, the gleaming spire of Oka GROVEHILL Church marks the site of an early Hudson's Bay Post which J. G. McTavish, who went to the relief MONTREAL WEST of David Thompson, the mapmaker and explorer, WESTMOUNT in 1811, operated as factor. Isle Cadieux, a flag station, marks Point Cavagnal where an early See page 8 for brief description of WINDSOR STATION missionary, Pere Garreau, was martyred by automatic block signals. MONTREAL 26 Mountain scenery near Coquihatta on the Canadian Pacific Coquihalla Conyon-Crowsnest Pass route through the southern Canadian Rockies.

Just as Canadian Pacific crosses the prairies by loop; the bench-lands; magnificent views of Oka- two routes, so it provides an alternative route nagan Lake as you climb from Penticton to 4,150- through the Rockies south of the main transconti- foot McCulloch; water-level vistas of fast running nental line. From Vancouver to Odium, where the white water, the shore of Lower Arrow Lake — Coquihalla Canyon-Crowsnest Pass route turns which is really the Columbia River, Kootenay Lake, southward across the Fraser to enter the Coqui- and the last big climb to Crowsnest Pass 4,450 feet above sea level. halla Pass, the route is the same. The Canadian This trans-mountain line serves a rich mineral and Pacific southern route through the Rockies follows orchard country, and is the Eastern and Western the spectacular Coquihalla Pass, Okanagan Lake, outlet for such busy centres as Trail, Nelson, the Kettle Valley, the southern reaches of the Penticton, Cranbrook, and Fernie. Much of its Columbia River, Kootenay Lake, and the Crows- spectacular quality arises from the feats of bridge nest Pass to Fort MacLeod, Alberta, whence the and track engineers in the building of the line main line can be rejoined at Calgary or Medicine which happily resulted in providing a number of Flat. The "Kettle Valley" route, so named for an vantage points for the enjoyment of breath-taking early railway, shows another aspect of the Cana- vistas. World-travellers familiar with both routes dian Rockies noted for such engineering feats as frequently debate their relative merits. Perhaps the 3,476-foot climb up the side of the Coquihalla you'll have time to explore the "Kettle Valley" Canyon from Odium to Brookmere; the Bellfort on your return journey and decide for yourself.

•1, •• 0'4

41. 27 IWCROSSEASTWARD COMMInigt BY eaWaittolli

The dynamic policy that led to the building of the world's first transcontinental railway seventy years ago, that inaugurated the many other "firsts" in world transportation for which the Canadian Pacific is notable, scores another "first" in Canada with the adoption of Scenic Domes for coach, tourist car and standard sleeping car passengers— another step in Canadian Pacific's comprehensive modernization programme, in line with Canada's rapid growth.

After an extended investigation and study of the most modern types of passenger equipment in service elsewhere on the continent, in June 1953 the Canadian Pacific ordered 173 all-stainless-steel passenger cars of the most advanced designs— Scenic Dome Lounge Sleepers, Scenic Dome Coffee Shop Coaches, Deluxe Coaches (featuring full-length leg-rests), "Manor" and "Chateau" Sleeping Cars and Dining Room Cars — for service on the scenic and historical Canadian Pacific transcontinental route between Montreal and Vancouver, and Toronto and Vancouver via Banff and Lake Louise. Deliveries began in June, 1954, and the entire "fleet" will be in service early in 1955. Light-weight and modern as tomorrow, these new cars typify the modern thinking and forward look of the world's most complete travel system, tailored by nearly three quarters of a century of transportation experience to the fastidious requirements of the world's wisest travellers!

In addition to the world's longest Dome ride in the comfort of the latest word in railway passenger equipment, Canadian Pacific invites you to enjoy the "economy of luxury — the luxury of economy" the Empress way trans-Atlantic by Canadian Pacific Steamships trans-Pacific by Canadian Pacific Airlines. Above Canada, Canadian Pacific Airlines fly 10,000 route miles daily. In Canada, 17 Canadian Pacific hotels and resorts from sea to sea make business travel a pleasure, make pleasure travel their business.

Canadian Pacific — the world's most complete travel system — has two new trans-Atlantic liners abuilding. These new 22,500-ton streamlined "Empresses" which incorporate the newest tested improvements research can offer will enter trans-Atlantic service in the early spring of 1956 and 1957. In the air, the Canadian Pacific Airlines fleet flies world travellers in modern aircraft best adapted to the varying services. Between Canada and the Orient; between Canada and Hawaii, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia; between Canada, Mexico and Peru Super DC-6B's offer speed and comfort above the weather: other specialized aircraft are operated in the Canadian services.

Every Canadian Pacific office in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Japan, plus agencies everywhere — offers you Canadian Pacific's complete travel service — all your travel wants in one package! Of course, every Canadian Pacific office co-operates fully with your own travel agent. You can relax before you start when you travel the Canadian Pacific way with every detail planned for you rail, hotel, steamship, and airline reservations. Go Canadian Pacific "travel relaxed — arrive refreshed."

arm Tite Scovic Dome Roure

VANCOUVER BANFF CALGARY REGINA WINNIPEG FORT WILLIAM SUDBURY TORONTO LIMIMICECIIIIMEMEMEnt