Ca 1978 ISSS Tours 8+16E Report.Pdf
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11th CONGRESS I NT ERNA TI ONAL I OF SOIL SCIENCE EDMONTON, CANADA JUNE 1978 GUIDEBOOK FOR A SOILS LAND USE TOUR IN BANFF AND JASPER NATIONAL PARKS TOURS 8 AND 16 L.J. KNAPIK Soils Division, Al Research Council, Edmonton G.M. COEN Research Branch, culture Canada, Edmonton Alberta Research Council Contribution Series 809 ture Canada Soil Research Institute tribution 654 Guidebook itors D.F. Acton and L.S. Crosson Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology Saskatoon, Saskatchewan ~-"-J'~',r--- --\' "' ~\>(\ '<:-q, ,v ~ *'I> co'"' ~ (/) ~ AlBERTA \._____ ) / ~or th '(<.\ ~ e r ...... e1Bowden QJ' - Q"' Olds• Y.T. I N.W.T. _...,_.. ' h./? 1 ...._~ ~ll"O"W I ,-,- B.C. / U.S.A. ' '-----"'/' FIG. 1 GENERAL ROUTE MAP i; i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............•..................................... vi INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1 GENERAL ITINERARY ................................................... 2 REGIONAL OVERVIEW ..•................................................. 6 The Alberta Plain .................................................. 6 15 The Rocky Mountain Foothills ........................................ The Rocky Mountains ................................................ 17 DAY 1: EDMONTON TO BANFF . • . 27 Road Log No. 1: Edmonton to Calgary.......................... 27 The Lacombe Research Station................................. 32 Road Log No. 2: Calgary to Banff............................ 38 Kananaskis Site: Orthic Eutric Brunisol.... .. ...... ... ....... 41 DAY 2: BANFF AND LAKE LOUISE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51 Road Log No. 3: Banff to Lake Louise and Return.............. 51 Muleshoe Site: Eluviated Eutric Brunisol...... ... ..... .. .... 51 Corral Creek Site: Brunisolic Gray Luvisol................... 54 DAY 3: BANFF TO JASPER.............................................. 59 Road Log No. 4: Lake Louise to Jasper....................... 59 Bow Pass Site: Humo-Ferric Podzol ........................... ~ 61 DAY 4: JASPER LOCAL................................................. 73 Jasper National Park......................................... 73 Road Log No. 5: Jasper to Portal Creek . .. .. 73 Portal Creek Site: Eluviated Eutric Bruni sol................. 75 Road Log No. 6: Jasper to Signal Mountain . 75 Signal Mountain Site: Orthic Gray Luvisol............ .. .. .. 77 DAY 5: JASPER TO EDMONTON........................................... 79 Road Log No. 7: Jasper to Edmonton........................... 79 REFERENCES................... 93 APPENDIX A: THE CANADIAN SYSTEM OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION ............•.. 97 APPENDIX B: METHODS OF ANALYSIS., ................................... 99 APPENDIX C: SIT~ PEDON AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONS, AND ANALYTICAL DATA ..................................... 101 APPENDIX D: OVERLANDER SITE .......................................... I 13.5 APPENDIX E: SPECIES LIST ........•.................................... 143 IV LIST OF FIGURES Page l . Route Map. i i 2. or p siographic regions of Canada............................... 3 3. Vegetation regions of Canada........................................ 4 4. or soil regions of Canada........................................ 5 5. Level to undulating topography of the Plains........................ 7 6. Physiographic regions Alberta.................................... 8 7. Agroclimate areas of southern Alberta............................... 11 8. Forest regions of Alberta........................................... 12 9. Soil group map of Alberta........................................... 13 10. The Rocky Mountain Foothills........................................ 16 ll. The rugged topogr·aphy of the Va 11 ey of Ten Peaks is typical of the Rocky l\1ountai ns.................................................... 18 12. Regional structure of the RoG:ky Mountains........................... 19 13. Bioclimatic zones of Banff and Jasper National Parks ....... ~........ 22 14. Montane zone trembling aspen-white spruce stand on a fluvial fan in the Bow ley. 24 15. Subalpine zone at Lake louise made up of subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce forest...................................................... 25 16. The Sunshine alpine area along the Continental Divide west of Banff 26 17. Edmonton to Banff route map......................................... 28 18. Generalized soil map-Edmonton to north of Ponoka. .... .. ..... ....... 29 19. Genera 1i zed soil map-north of Ponoka to Bowden................. .. .. 31 20. Generalized soil map-Bowden to Calgary.............................. 36 21. Conceptual cross-section showing generalized physiography and soils rom the Continenta Divide to Calgary............................... 40 22. Stereogram of the Kananaskis area.................................. 42 23. Landscape evolution under alpine glaciation........................ 44 24. Cross-section of the Bow Valley at Canmore......................... 46 25. Canada's Nati anal Parks............................................ 48 26. Banff to Lake Louise route map..................................... 49 27. Montane zone aspen and meadow communities in the Bow Valley above Banff. 50 28. Stereogram of the Muleshoe area.................................... 52 29. Cross-section of the Bow Valley at Baker Creek..................... 55 30. Stereogram of the Corral Creek area................................ 56 31. Ban to Jasper route map.......................................... 60 32. Stereogram of the Bow Pass area.................................... 63 33. Peyto lake. 64 34. The Col a Icefield.............................................. 67 35. Athabasca Glacier............................................ 69 36. Athabasca Glacier and the Icefields Chalet.......................... 70 37. Jasper local route map .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 38. Stereogram of Portal Creek area ................................. 76 39. Stereogram of the Signal Mountain area .............................. 78 40. Jasper to Edmonton route map ... : .................................... 80 41. Generalized soil map-Jasper to Hinton ............................... 81 42. Stereogram of the ~Lake area (Overlander site) ................. 83 43. Generalized soil map-Hinton to Mcleod River ......................... 85 44. Generalized soil map-McLeod River to Pembina River .................. 88 45. Generalized soil map-Pembina River to Edmonton ...................... 90 46. Rolling morainal topography with a fluvial veneer (a) and Orthic Eutric Brunisol profile (b) at the Kananaskis site .................. 104 v Page 47. Micromorphology of the Orthic Eutric Brunisol at the Kananaskis site ............................................ _................. 105 48. Trembling aspen community (a) and Eluviated Eutric Brunisol on the fluvial sediments (b) at the Muleshoe site ................... llO 49. Lodgepole pine community (a) and Brunisolic Gray Luviso1 on till (b) at the Corral Creek site ..................................... 113 50. Upper subalpine community (a) and Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol on till (b) at the Bow Pass site .................................... 120 51. Micromorphology of the Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol at the Bow Pass site. 121 52. Lodgepole pine community (a) and Eluviated Eutric Brunisol on till (b) at the Portal Creek site..................................... 123 53. Micromorphology of the Eluviated Eutric Brunisol at the Portal Creek site ....................................................... 126 54. Lodgepole pine community (a) and Orthic Gray Luvisol on till (b) at the Signal Mountain site...................................... 129 55. Micromorphology of the Orthic Gray Luvisol at the Signal Mountain site. .. 13 2 56. Micromorphology of the Orthic Melani~ Brunisol at the Overlander site ~ " "' "' "' ~ "' • "~ • "' "' "' ~ ~ "' "' or "' "' • '" ~ • ' '! ~ '!' '!' ! ~ '! .~ r '! !' ' '!" ! .. • ·r • .... ! ..... ., ...... ., ., "' .... ., , ., LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Temperature and precipitation means of selected points on the tour route...................................................... 6 2. Geological time scale........................................... 20 3. Meteorological data, Lacombe Research Station................... 33 4. Analytical data for an Orthic Eutric Brunisol at the Kananaskis site............................................................ 103 5. Vegetation structure of the Kananaskis site..................... 106 6. Long term meteorological data for Kananaskis.................... 107 7. Analytical data for an Eluviated Eutric Brunisol at the Muleshoe site. 109 8. Vegetation structure at the Muleshoe site....................... 111 9. Long-term meteorological data for Banff ......................... 112 10. Analytical data for a Brunisolic Gray Luvisol at the Corral Creek site ............................................... -. 115 11. Vegetation structure of the Corral Creek site ....•.............. 116 12. Long-term metem~ological data for Lake Louise................... 117 13. Analytical data for a Humo-Ferric Podzol at the Bow Pass site ... 119 14. Vegetation structure of the Bow Pass site....................... 122 15. Analytical data for an Eluviated Eutric Brunisol at the Portal Creek site...................................................... 125 16. Vegetation structure at the Portal Creek site ................... 127 17. Long-term meteorological data for Jasper ........................ 128 18. Analytical data for an Orthic Gray Luvisol at the Signal Mountain