sign in sign up
<<
Home , Banff National Park, Banff Park Museum, Burgess Shale, Jasper National Park, Vermilion Lakes, Yoho National Park

Environment Environnement Canada INTRODUCTION through the parks as well as the two railway routes. Banff and Parks Service canadien Jasper townsites developed in the early days to service the Service des pares The four Rocky national parks of Banff, Jasper, railway and to provide essential services to many park visitors. Kootenay and Yoho share boundaries, scenery, geology, plant Some mineral and forest exploitation was allowed in the and animal life, human history and importance to the world. parks until about the 1930s and until the 1960s in Yoho. Since Banff. Jasper These four parks were declared a World Heritage Site in then, the parks have been virtually free of resource extraction 1985 by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural and industry. Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage sites and monuments Kootenay. Yoho are considered to be of such exceptional interest and of such universal value that protecting them is a concern of all National Parks mankind. GEOLOGY The four Rocky Mountain parks were chosen for this Geological formations in the four mountain national parks / honor because they include all four geological zones of the are composed largely of , dolomite, , Rocky in an outstanding setting of exceptional and slate spanning time periods from the to the beauty. These characteristics, exemplified by the . Forces have resulted in faulting, folding and up­ , the and the Maligne , give the lifting of these rock layers to produce mountain ranges which parks world value. form the continental spine. The Canadian consist of the Western Ranges, the Main Ranges, the and the Foothills, Ca "odiat, all of which are represented in the four parks. carved these ranges and the climate has worn them to create a variety of landforms. HISTORY 1885 as a park reserve. Two later, the federal government The Western Ranges, found in the southern part of The human history of the four mountain parks likely began formally established Rocky Mountains Park as Canada's first Kootenay and in the western part of Yoho, in­ about 11,000 to 12,000 years ago. For most of this period, In­ national park, later to be known as . clude formations of thick that folded intricately when dians entered and settled in the Rockies in search of sources Yoho and Jasper national parks have also been closely the mountains were formed. of food and clothing. In certain places in the parks, Indians associated with railway construction. A small reserve around The Main Ranges are found in all four of the parks. These quarried tool materials. In areas now in , , British Columbia, was set aside near the Cana­ ranges are made up of limestone, sandstone, and shale and in­ they collected ochre or iron oxide for decorative use. There is dian Pacific Railway line in 1886, marking the beginning of clude the oldest rock found in the four mountain parks. These also some evidence of native use near the parks' hot springs. . Jasper became a national park in 1907 in ranges contain the highest mountains in the four parks and form In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Rockies association with the construction of Canada's second and more the Continental Divide. in Banff National Park, were viewed by early explorers as a major obstacle in the ef­ northerly transcontinental railway. Cavell in Jasper and Mount Stephen in Yoho are fort to find a western route to the Pacific Ocean. With the Transportation also sparked the establishment of Kootenay dramatic examples of the many Main Range peaks. assistance of Indian guides familiar with mountain passes, early National Park in 1920. The province of British Columbia began The Front Ranges are found in Banff and Jasper and are explorers such as Mackenzie, Thompson, McGillivray and construction of the Banff-Windermere in 1910 but ran composed of thick layers of limestone and shale. These moun­ Simpson overcame this obstacle. The fur trade era of the out of funds before its completion. In return for land on both tains often have a tilted, tooth-like appearance and in places, mid-1800s brought traders and merchants to the area. sides of the route, the federal government completed the road the rock layers have been folded. Mountains such as Mount The coming of the transcontinental railway marked the and the park was established in 1920. Rundle in Banff and in Jasper are characteristic beginning of the national parks system in Canada. In 1883 three The transportation theme dominated the history of these of these ranges. parks and continues to play an important role. There are a The Foothills are the easternmost extension of the Rockies. Verm railway workers chanced upon the Cave and Basin hot springs, "'°»'*kes now a part of Banff National Park. For the enjoyment and transcontinental highway (Trans-Canada), a trans-provincial A small area in the southeastern portion of Jasper provides the healthful benefit of all , the hot springs and an area highway (Yellowhead) and two major parkways ( only representation of the rounded rolling Foothills in the four around them were set aside by the Canadian government in and Icefields) and the Banff-Windermere Highway passing parks. The sedimentary Rocky Mountains contain an extensive The montane region is distinguished by grassy WHERE TO GET MORE INFORMATION record dating from the Precambrian period. Of special and forests of Douglas fir, white spruce, trembling aspen and More detailed information and many publications are interest in the Main Ranges are the exquisitely preserved soft- lodgepole pine. The montane region also includes some types available at park information centres or can be obtained by bodied fossils found in the Burgess Shale layer of the Stephen of vegetation rare in the parks including the extensive wetland writing to the individual parks. Formation in Yoho National Park. As one of the most signifi­ areas of near Banff townsite and the sand and cant fossil sites in the world, the Burgess Shale shows evolu­ silt dune area of the Athabasca in . BANFF KOOTENAY tion in action during Middle times. The lower subalpine areas support closed coniferous forest Information Centres Information Centres Although the last major glacial advance ended about 10,000 dominated by Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir and lodgepole — mid-May to Marble — years ago, active glaciers and icefields still exist throughout the pine. Open meadows are also found. mid-October June - Labour Day region, particularly in the Main Ranges. The most significant The upper subalpine region has a greater snowfall and a Banff — -round West Park Gate — in the area is the Columbia Icefield. The Columbia Icefield is shorter growing season and is characterized by mature forests Warden Offices year-round the largest in the Rocky Mountains and the largest in North with subalpine fir, krummholz (stunted trees) and Engelmann — for emergencies, West Gate Information America's subarctic interior. spruce. In summer, subalpine meadows are carpeted with 24 hours a day — public in­ Centre — June - Labour Covering 325 km2 (125 square miles) the Columbia Icefield wildflowers. quiries 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Day Lake Louise — year-round spans the Continental Divide and the boundary between Jasper The alpine region cannot support trees. The plant life has Superintendent Banff — year-round and Banff national parks. The Athabasca , located adja­ had to adapt to the harsh region with its short growing seasons, Kootenay National Park cent to the Icefields which links Banff and Jasper, pro­ Mou ; extreme daily temperature fluctuations, high winds and intense Superintendent Box 220 Pmn ' <^;, vides unequalled opportunities for visitors to view ongoing "dLake l ultra-violet radiation. This zone can be viewed without a long Banff National Park Radium Hot Springs, B.C. glacial processes. climb at in Jasper and at Sunshine, near Banff, Box 900 V0A 1M0 where tramways take visitors to this region. Alpine meadows Banff, Alberta T0L 0C0 (604) 347-9615 such as those above Lake O'Hara in Yoho are also typical of (403) 762-3324 the high country. A special note about wildlife JASPER Most problems that arise between visitors and animals in YOHO The four parks are home to an interesting and varied Information Centres national parks are caused by food. Feeding wildlife endangers CLIMATE Information Centres wildlife population. Fifty-six species of mammals are found Jasper Townsite East Information Centre - both animal and man. Animals attracted to populated areas by All four parks experience great seasonal and annual in these parks, ranging in size from the impressive moose — year-round mid May - mid October to the tiny pigmy shrew. The ungulates (moose, , mountain frequent feeding or improperly stored food or garbage often variation in precipitation and temperature. Generally, Icefield Centre West Information Centre goat, , white-tailed and ) are become ill. winters are long and the summers cool and short, with oc­ — May - Sept. mid May - mid October All wild animals are unpredictable and approaching them casional hot spells. Temperatures can range from as high Warden Offices often seen in their natural habitat by visitors. Early morning Superintendent as 30°C in summer to lower than -30°C in the winter. — year-round and evening are the best times for viewing wildlife in the is dangerous. It is illegal to feed, entice or molest any animal Yoho National Park parks. in a national park. For information about bears, please obtain Average maximum and minimum temperatures for the Superintendent Box 99 A population of about 200 grizzly bears, along with cougars, a copy of You Are In Bear Country from information centres. four parks follow: Jasper National Park Field, B.C. black bears and timber also live in the parks and are more The grass along road margins attracts many browsing Jan. -7°C/-16°C (19°F/3°F), Feb. -1°C/-12°C (30°F/10°F), P.O. Box 10 V0A 1G0 rarely seen by visitors. animals. Please drive slowly and watch for these animals. March 3°C/-9°C (37°F/16°F), Apr. 9°C/-4°C (48°F/25°F), Jasper, Alberta TOE 1E0 (604) 343-6324 0 (403) 852-6161 More than 280 species of birds have been identified in­ Hunting is forbidden in national parks. May 15°C/2°C (59°F/36°F), June 19°C/6°C (66°F/43 F), cluding golden and bald eagles. July 22°C/8°C (72°F/46°F), Aug. 21°C/7?C (70°F/45°F), Sept. 16°C/3°C (61°F/37°F), Oct. 10°C/-1°C (50°F/30°F), and are limited because of the relatively PLANT LIFE Published by authority of Nov. 1°C/-9°C (34°F/16°F), Dec. -5°C/-14°C (23°F/7°F). severe climate. One species of toad, three of frog, one salamander Three different life zones can be seen easily by visitors: the Information Services The Minister of the Environment These temperatures apply to valley bottoms. At higher eleva­ e species and two types of snakes have been recorded. montane zone in the lowest valleys; the subalpine zone at higher Western Regional Office Minister of Supply and tions temperatures will be five to seven degrees cooler. Tak Cutthroat, rainbow, lake and , Dolly Varden, elevations; and the alpine zone above timberline, high on the Room 520, 220 - 4th Ave. S.E. Sen/ices Canada 1988 QS-W192-000-EE-A3 ^^rs northern pike and lake and mountain whitefish are found in shoulders of the mountains and bordering on the bare rock and Annual precipitation in the parks ranges from less than Box 2989, Station M the major watersheds of the parks. Some of the parks' lakes permanent snow of the peaks. In Yoho, there are also pockets 380 mm at lower elevations to greater than 1,250 mm in regions , Alberta T2P 3H8 (403) 292-4440 are stocked regularly for anglers. of interior rainforest. along the Continental Divide (25 mm = 1 inch). Aussi disponible en francais. Canada WHERE TO STAY

BANFF NATIONAL PARK is a pleasant way to spend an afternoon. Visitors also enjoy the JASPER NATIONAL PARK beauty as it runs alongside a chain of massive icefields strad­ Visitors may stay in any of the designated campgrounds Banff, perhaps Canada's premier tourist magnet, attracts Banff Park and the Buffalo Paddock. The largest of Canada's Rocky Mountain national parks, dling the Continental Divide. listed in the camping section of this brochure (map side). 2 more than three million visitors a year from every comer of the Lake Louise with glacier-clad Mount Victoria is one of the Jasper, spans 10,878 km (4,200 square miles) of broad valleys Large numbers of elk, bighorn sheep, mule deer and other Camping space is available at a fee on a first come, first served globe. Mountaineers, skiers, hikers, cyclists, horseback riders, park's most popular stopping places. There are many trails for and rugged mountains along the eastern slopes of the Rockies. large animals, as well as their predators, make Jasper National basis. Generally, a maximum stay of two consecutive weeks fishermen, canoeists, nature lovers and those who just want to and horseback riding in this area as well as canoeing on Many of the park's striking features are accessible by road Park one of the last great wildlife remaining in the is allowed at these campgrounds which are normally open take in a hearty dose of Rocky Mountain air flock to the park the lake and skiing in the winter. — the , Sunwapta and , Miette Rocky Mountains. from mid-May to mid-September. Winter camping is available each year. Hotsprings, glacier-clad and the limestone The human history of the park includes stories of Indians, in a designated area in each park. The park contains at least 25 peaks which tower 3,000 Banff covers 6,641 km2 (2,564 square miles) of mountains, gorge of Maligne Canyon. Visitors can ride a tramway to the fur traders, geologists, railroad surveyors, mountaineers, Commercial accommodation is available in and adjacent to metres (9,800 feet) or more. Scores of lakes are part of the natural valleys, glaciers, forests, alpine meadows, lakes and wild top of The Whistlers to view life above the treeline and the spec­ naturalists and prospectors. The first explorers ventured into the parks. Information on commercial accommodation is backdrop and their turquoise hue begs to be captured on film. along the Alberta flank of the Continental Divide. tacle of surrrounding mountain peaks and many of the lakes the Jasper region in the early 1800s in search of a fur trade available from Environment Canada, Parks, Information Geological oddities include hoodoos, plunging and that dot the wide Athabasca Valley. Day trails, overnight hik­ route across the mountains. A local trading post became Services, Box 2989, Station M, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 3H8, from There are many sights to see and things to do in and near mineral hot springs. ing trips, horseback rides and a boat trip down known as Jasper's House after the clerk Travel Alberta, 15th Floor, Capitol Square, 10025 Jasper Ave., the town of Banff. A visit to the Cave and Basin Centennial Cen­ are other ways to see the park. Jasper Hawse. With the coming of the Grand Trunk Pacific , Alberta, T5J 3Z3 and from Tourism British tre for a swim in the outdoor mineral water pool and a look Jasper joins Banff National Park to the south via the Railway line through the in 1907, the federal Columbia, 1117 Wharf St., Victoria, B.C., V8M 2Z2. back at the history of Banff and of Canada's national park system Icefields Parkway. This parkway is virtually unparalleled for government decided to preserve the area as a national park. Facilities for the disabled are available in the four parks. Please contact the park for locations and details. WHAT TO DO f7AV\l\nr2T3. The national parks are open all year, although many ser­ vices are not available from October to May. Many visitors see the park during the summer but each year an increasing number discover the variety of winter activities, including Li^MiKarir skiing at world-class resorts, cross-country skiing, ice-climb­ ing, photography and wildlife viewing. Hiking

The four parks have a combined total of 2,900 kilo­ metres (1,749 miles) of hiking trails which include pleasant half-hour strolls to more adventurous trips into the parks' backcountry. Many of these hiking trails become cross-coun­ try ski trails in the winter. More details of the parks' hiking trails including brochures and topographic maps of back- country areas can be obtained at the park information centres. Backcountry campers in the parks require park use per­ mits. The return of the permit at the end of the trip is not required. Jasper, Kootenay and Yoho control backcountry use by applying a quota system. Banff issues backcountry use permits on a first come, first served basis. Visitors are advised to try areas where crowded conditions are rare. If anyone is undertaking an activity which is hazardous, he may register. If a person registers in, he must, by law, register out by returning the safety registration on comple­ tion of the activity. Boating

Banff — Boating is allowed on many of the park's lakes and rivers. Power boats may be used only on . Jasper — Rowboats and canoes are allowed on all of the ponds and lakes in the park except Cabin Lake. Power boats may be used on Pyramid and Medicine lakes. Boats with electric motors without on-board generators are allow­ ed on any lake where boats are permitted. Kootenay — Only the Vermilion and Kootenay rivers are suitable for boating. Motorized boats may not be used. The degree of difficulty varies along the reaches of the rivers. Some sections are hazardous and it is advisable to contact the information centres or warden service before boating. Boating is not permitted on park lakes. Yoho — Non-motorized boats are allowed on all park waters. Visitors interested in undertaking a river trip should first inquire at an information centre. I>^AHAR^UVJG-MIT ATVHATLIVS/ Fishing Fishing permits are required by anglers in Canada's na­ YOHO NATIONAL PARK Water is again responsible for creating a major park at­ tional parks. Permits are available at park information cen­ springs heated deep in the earth's crust. The high peaks of Yoho is a park of and glacial lakes. It's a park traction, a natural rock bridge over the . tres, the administration building, campground and warden KOOTENAY NATIONAL PARK with snow-topped mountain peaks, roaring rivers and deep Torrents have worn a hole through the middle of a solid rock- offices and from some concessionaires. This fishing permit Kootenay National Park is a land of startling contrasts the Rockies' Main Ranges cover the northern reaches of the silent forests. It's a park whose history is bound up with a bed leaving a flat-rock bridge behind. Another marvel are the towering summits and hanging glaciers, narrow chasms park, while farther south the mountains become more gentle. railroad, spiral inside mountains and stories of run­ hoodoos which are pillars of glacial silt topped by precariously- is valid in all Canadian national parks. Visitors wishing to and color-splashed mineral pools. Since prehistoric times, this part of the central Rockies away trains. No wonder Yoho National Park got its name from balanced boulders creating long-stemmed toadstool shapes. fish in waters outside national park boundaries must obtain 2 This 1,406 km (543 square miles) mountain park is has served as a major north-south travel route. The Kootenai a Indian word expressing awe. Many of British Columbia's plants and animals reach their a provincial fishing licence covering that area. located in southeastern British Columbia on the western Indians settled in the region and pictographs found near the The park spans 1,313 square kilometres (507 square miles) eastern extension in Yoho. The high peaks of the Continental slopes of the Rocky Mountains adjoining Banff and Yoho na­ hot springs indicate this was a meeting place for plains and on the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains in British Col­ Divide wring out the precipitation remaining in clouds travell­ Swimming tional parks. mountain bands. umbia and borders on Banff and Kootenay national parks. ing eastward from the Pacific. This creates the pockets of Every twist and turn of the Banff-Windermere Highway Fur traders and explorers travelled the area in the 1800s, Yoho's craggy peaks and steep rock faces, home to moun­ wetbelt forest where species such as devil's club, western red Swimming in lukewarm mineral water is available in reveals something interesting to explore — the limestone seeking suitable transportation routes through the high moun­ tain goats, posed an enormous engineering problem for cedar and western hemlock thrive. summer at the Cave and Basin Centennial Centre in Banff Canada's early explorers. The mountains that were the curse gorge of Marble Canyon, the ochre-tinted paint pots once us­ tain passes. They were followed by homesteaders and en­ One of the world's most interesting fossil beds, the Bur­ National Park and year-round at the cool pool at the Radium Hot of railway workers are responsible for the park's many water­ gess Shale, is located in Yoho. Designated a World Heritage ed by the Kootenai Indians to make vermilion paint to trepreneurs who realized the commercial potential of develop­ Springs Aquacourt. Soaking in outdoor hot pools fed by natural falls including Laughing Falls, Wapta Falls, Twin Falls, and Site in 1981, the shale formation contains the fossilized remains mineral springs is available at the Upper Hot Springs in Banff, decorate their bodies and teepees and the Redwall Fault with ing the hot springs. The first pool and bathhouse at Radium one of Canada's highest (254 m, 833 ft.) . The of more than 120 marine animal species dating back 530 the Miette Hotsprings in Jasper (summer) and the Radium Hot its red cliffs and shattered rock. The famous Radium Hot Hot Springs were built in 1911. The federal government then water from melting glaciers high up in the mountains is also million years. The Burgess Shale World Heritage Site is now Springs Aquacourt in Kootenay. The springs that sparked the Springs at the southern end of the park are natural mineral established Kootenay National Park in 1920. responsible for the color of Emerald Lake and famed Lake incorporated into the larger Four Rocky Mountain Park World formation of Banff, Canada's first national park, can be viewed at O'Hara. Heritage Site. the Cave and Basin Centennial Centre near Banff townsite. T3 OJ Campfires M o T3 Kilometres tD c CD > CD Campfires may be lit in fireplaces or metal fireboxes >, v CO to o > tD c T£ (75 o CD c ba provided or in outdoor portable stoves. Barbecues may be 03 CO o O TZ to 1 CD o O I O. £ 15 > 3 4-a used only in campgrounds and picnic areas. Please dump Miles en o Ol E c O to o o CO CO CD o CO to "D o E CO J= used into park fireplaces or hot ash receptacles. ~3 CO LU > n> c O Park/Campgrounds h- CD GO Although fireplaces are located at many backcountry > UJ CO c 5 5 campsites, firewood is often scarce and campers may not 865 858 886 1047 1266 1227 3 537 533 550 650 787 762 BANFF cut or gather their own. Backcountry users are strongly en­ couraged to carry fuel-burning stoves as campfires are pro­ 362 723 A 1 Mountain Edmonton 404 609 294 1227 hibited in some areas. 225 251 450 378 183 762 trailer court*** 322 X X Calgary 412 138 264 220 294 1266 A 2 Village I 622 X X 256 86 164 137 183 787 A 3 Village II 189 X X X X Other Activities Yoho 247 82 160 220 609 1047 35 X 153 51 99 137 378 650 Horseback riding, boat and A 4 Two Jack Main 381 X 361 133 160 264 723 886 bus tours, mountaineering lessons, interpretive events, Kootenay A 5 Two Jack Lakeside 80 X 224 83 99 164 449 550 mountain guide services, golf, tennis, gondola rides, glacier A 6 Johnston Canyon 140 X X tours, boating, canoeing, picnicking, cycling, rafting, Banff 287 133 82 138 404 858 AA 7 Castle Meadows** 300 X X photography and many other activities are available in the 178 83 51 86 251 533 parks. For more details, ask at park information centres. A 8 Castle Mountain 44 X JasDer 287 361 247 412 362 865 178 224 153 256 225 537 A 9 Protection Mountain 89 X A 10 Lake Louise Trailer (Distances to parks' administration buildings.) 163 X X X Safety A 11 Lake Louise Tent One kilometre equals 0.625 mile 220 X Safety is the personal responsibility of each park .One mile equals 1.6 kilometre A 12 Mosquito Creek 32 X X visitor. The parks are managed as natural areas and as such, A 13 Waterfowl 116 X the natural hazards that are part of the are also A 14 Rampart Creek 50 X part of the parks. Please be careful and consult park staff A 15 16 X for more information about public safety.

JASPER Pets

A 16 Pocahontas 140 X X For the safety of pets and park animals, pets must be A 17 66 X X kept on a leash at all times in the parks. A 18 Whistlers*** 781 X X A 19 Wapiti 340 X X X A 20 Wabasso 238 X X Litter A 21 ML Kerkeslin X 42 To keep the parks in as natural a state as possible, a A 22 Honeymoon Lake 35 X "pack in-pack out" policy has been adopted: therefore lit­ A 23 Jonas Creek 25 X X ter must be packed out from the backcountry. Deposit all A 24 Columbia Icefield 33 X garbage in the receptacles provided throughout the park. X It is important to keep campsites free of all litter and to pack A 25 Wilcox Creek 46 X all food items away to help prevent problems with wildlife. AA26 Marmot Meadows** 100* X A27 Ranger Creek** 25* X Drinking Water A 28 Whirlpool** 25* X Giardia Iamblia is a parasite carried by humans and KOOTENAY some domestic and wild animals. These parasites can get into any surface water (lakes, streams, rivers) and may con­ A 29 Redstreak*** 242 X X X X , Banff National Park taminate water supplies that come from these sources. Water A 30 Marble Canyon 61 X quality problems are often caused by humans practising A 31 McLeod Meadows 98 X unhealthy backcountry hygiene. Backcountry travellers should always boil water for at AA 32 Crooks * * 75* X least two minutes before drinking it or brushing teeth. A 33 Dolly Varden X X Understanding leads to greater enjoyment YOHO Free park interpretive programs are provided in the A 34 64 X parks to help visitors discover more about Banff, Jasper, A 35 Hoodoo Creek 106 X Kootenay and Yoho. The programs include evening camp- ACA36 Ottertail** 50* X fire talks, presentations in campground theatres and special A 37 Kicking Horse 92 X X events. Self-guided nature trails and publications are also available. Significant roadside exhibits in the parks are iden­ A 38 Takakkaw Falls 35 X X tified by ©. A 39 LakeO'Hara** 30 X X A summer schedule of events is available at information centres and campground kiosks. Organized groups wishing to arrange special programs should write to the superintendent of the park well in advance of their visit. * Number of people A park motor licence is required to enter all national * * Reservation required parks. * * * Sites available with water and sewer hook-ups

Punchbowl Falls Jasper National Park

Upper Falls, Johnston Canyon, Banff National Park

Marble Canyon, Kootenay National Park Points of Interest BANFF NATIONAL PARK JASPER NATIONAL PARK

M j Lake Minnewanka - fishing, power boating, Athabasca Glacier (Icefield Interpretive Centre) - information, exhibits, slide show. ^-"^ picnicking, tour boats. © f 2 J Bankhead - old mining site. - few minutes' walk from © highway, falls tumble into limestone gorge. f 3 J Banff townsite — full range of tourist services Athabasca Falls - bridge and platforms for ^-^ and attractions. © watching falls. (4 J - restored building, M4^ ML Edith Cavell / ^-^ representative animals of park. (5 ) Cave and Basin Centennial Centre — swim- The Whistlers - commercial tramway goes to ^-^ ming in summer, year-round interpretive © Alpine Meadow. Aerial views of townsite. facility. Townsite area (Lakes Edith, Annette, tf 6 J Sulphur Mountain - overview of townsite, © Beauvert, Pyramid and Patricia and townsite) - picknicking in open woods, swimming from ^•"^ Upper Hot Springs pool. sandy beaches, hiking trails. Townsite has Johnston Canyon - walk in canyon, water full visitor services. falls. © (17 J Maligne Canyon - plunges C 8 J Lake — shoreline walking, photo- ^—' 23 m into a steep-walled gorge. —' graphy, spectacular vistas. M8J Maligne Lake - largest lake in Canadian f 9 j Lake Louise - canoeing, horseback riding, ^-^ Rockies. Many trails, boat tours. ^•^ hiking, sightseeing. (19 J Miette Hotsprings and Pocahontas - water- f 10J Bow Summit and Lake - blue water, white ^-^ fall, viewpoint, pool and picnic grounds. ^-^ ice, alpine lake.

KOOTENAY NATIONAL PARK YOHO NATIONAL PARK

(20I Sinclair Canyon - geological point of interest. Wapta Falls - short hike to magnificient falls © on Kicking Horse River. (21J Radium Hot Springs / Aquacourt - natural (31 j Hoodoos - Free-standing capped pillars of ^-^ hot springs diverted into major swimming ^•^ glacial debris. pool complex. Natural Bridge - geological point of interest LEGEND Fossil, Burgess Shale, Yoho National Park (22J Redwall Fault / Iron Gates Tunnel - geological © with nearby animal salt lick. Highway ^-"/ point of interest. Emerald Lake - 8 km drive off Trans-Canada Secondary Road (23) Kootenay Viewpoint - overlooks Kootenay © Highway. Railroad ^S River Valley and Mitchell and Stanford Accommodation Ranges. Town of Field - historical railway town, © park administration centre. Hostel (24) Banff / Windermere Highway Exhibit - Historic Sites and Monuments ^-^ depicts relationship of highway construction (35J Upper Spiral Tunnel Viewpoints - railway Board of Canada plaques to park establishment. ^-^ historical points of interest, display. and monuments. Winter Driving Picnic Area Snow tires or chains are required by law in winter Animal licks - moose, elk, mule deer can be Takakkaw Falls - short walk to spectacular Self-guiding Trail on the highway in Yoho and on the Icefields Parkway © observed. © 254 metre . Hiking Trail and Banff-Windermere Highway. Snow tires or chains Paint Pots - geological and historic point of C37J Twin Falls and Yoho Valley - network of Warden Station are also required on any other highway in Banff, Jasper © interest, ochre beds, mineral springs. and Kootenay parks on signed to that effect, dur­ ^-^ hiking trails, backcountry campsites. Mountain Marble Canyon - geological point of interest, ing any period the highway is covered with snow or Lower Spiral Tunnel Viewpoints - railway Lake, River, Creek © water fall, deep canyon, trail. ice. They are mandatory on the access roads to all ski © historical points of interest, display. Glacier areas in the parks. C26J - four-hour hike to hanging (39) Great Divide - Located on 1A Highway. Park Boundary Any tire marked Snow Tire, Mud and Snow, or ^-^ valley, alpine glacier. Information Centres M/S meets the standard. Some manufacturers may use Burn / Continental Divide - Campground a snowflake symbol instead. Any tire, whether winter © short loop trail through area burned over in Viewpoint or all season, that bears these markings is acceptable 1968, marker for Continental Divide. provided it is in good condition.