Ijcrb.Webs.Com 18 Analysis of Financing

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Analysis of Financing Capacity of the Main Fund-Raising of Sichuan New Rural Old- Age Insurance —Based on the Data of 21 Pilot Counties (Districts) of 2010

Fu Yu Master, College of Economics and Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu , Sichuan, China (611130)

Wu Ping 1(Corresponding author) Associate professor, College of Economics and Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu , Sichuan, China (611130)

He Ke Master, World Economics, College of Economics , Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China(610065)

Abstract New rural old-age insurance is the State Council of the major benefits of agricultural policy, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, promoting basic public services, accelerating the construction of the social security system covering urban and rural residents. Since 2009, the new rural endowment insurance experimental work carried out so far, the implementation of various problems encountered in the process, and financing difficulties is one of the first issues to be addressed. Based on the data of 21 pilot counties (districts) of 2010, author chooses Sichuan as the object of study. First, I introduce the new rural pension insurance fund of individuals, groups and government financing of the three main financing capability; Then, measure and analyze the financing capacity of the three main financing; Finally, draw relevant conclusions and recommendations. Keywords: New Rural Old-Age Insurance; the Main Fund-Raising; Financing Capacity

1. Introduction New rural endowment insurance experimental work is the State Council efforts to solve the important problem of farmers' sense of security initiatives. On September 4, 2009, the State Council promulgated "regarding the development of new rural social endowment insurance pilot guidance" (Guo Fa [2009] No. 32), and China's rural social endowment insurance system was into a new phase. The advice select 10% of counties (cities, districts, towns) to carry out the new rural social endowment insurance pilot work in china, and gradually expand the pilot, and realize the basic full coverage of the rural school-age residents before 2020.New rural old-age insurance is another major benefit of agricultural policy of the State Council after abolition of agricultural tax, which will help accelerate the construction of the social security system covering urban and rural residents. And it is a basic project to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, change urban-rural dual structure, promote the equalization of basic public services. Most importantly, it is a major farmer-friendly policy to achieve the majority of the residents a sense of security, promote family harmony and increase farmers' incomes.

1 Wu Ping is the Corresponding author

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As china's major agricultural province, the new rural old-age insurance pilot work of Sichuan Province is particularly important. According to Document Guo Fa [2009] No. 32 overall deployment and spirit, Sichuan Provincial Government issued a "new type of rural social endowment insurance Sichuan Province, the pilot implementation of measures" (River House [2009] No. 35) to carry out new rural old-age insurance pilot work in 21 pilot counties in October 2009.Sichuan new rural old-age insurance pilot work has been carried out more than a year, and various problems appeared in the process of implementation. The funding difficulties of new rural old-age insurance is the first issues to be addressed.

2. Literature Review 2.1 Foreign Literature Review When Social endowment insurance system was established, it mainly based on modern methods of social pension insurance, but the social pension insurance of most countries abroad was only for government employees and Enterprise workers, not including farmers. To the 1950s, some developed countries established social pension insurance scheme for their farmers step by step, which absorbed all the farmers to the social old-age security system.

As the Western developed countries to implement the integration of urban and rural economic development, urban-rural divide and the difference of workers and farmers are small; meanwhile, old- age insurance system is more robust and has a strong fund-raising capacity. Therefore, the research of rural pension insurance abroad mainly starts from the funding mode (the current pay system, fully funded system, and part of the accumulation system) and pay little attention to financing capacity. In addition, there have been more agreeable to international financing mode: Germany and Japan are viewed as the "aid donors" mode; the United Kingdom and Sweden are viewed as the "welfare-type pension insurance" model; Singapore on behalf of the "self-insurance" mode and so on.

2.2 Domestic Literature Review Domestic research on rural old-age insurance dates back to 1992, Ministry of Civil Affairs, "the basic county-level rural social old-age insurance program." New rural endowment insurance research has focused on Guo Fa [2009] No.32 document before and after. Currently, the domestic financing of the new rural endowment insurance study is classified as the following aspects: financing system evaluation, research funding model, the effective level of payment analysis, fund-raising capacity analysis, and use Logit model regression analysis, insurance actuarial models and other methods. However, the main fund-raising capacity of the research funding is mainly from the national and provincial (city) two research points of view.

In summary, the current academic research on the new rural endowment insurance follows the principle of three funding categories. Meanwhile, the research pioneered the use of EXCEL and statistical methods to measure the funding of the main fund-raising capacity, and laid the foundation for the follow-up study. However, the scope of the study of individual fund-raising ability is relatively narrow, only the highest grade and lowest grade. Local government funding capacity analysis did not consider this situation: the farmers in different income levels choose different pay grades under the local governments to increase subsidies for causing the situation; At the same time, the new fund- raising capacity of the main fund-raising research and analysis of Sichuan Province currently is still in the blank stage. Therefore, based on the previous studies and 21 pilot counties in 2010 (area) data of Sichuan Province, author chooses Sichuan Province for the study. First, I introduce the three main fund-raising: the new rural pension insurance of individuals, groups, government; Then, measure and analyze the financing capacity of the three main financing of Sichuan Province; Finally, make relevant conclusions and recommendations.

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3. The Main Financing and Fund-Raising Capacity of the New Rural Pension Insurance of Sichuan Province

According to Guo Fa [2009] No. 32 Document: New rural old-age insurance is composed of individual contributions and collective benefits, government subsidies. Among them, the central government subsidies includes subsidies and local government financial subsidies. According to this file and their actual subject, Sichuan Province adjusts the specific provisions of the main fund-raising (River House [2009] No. 35).

3.1 Individual Contributions Rural residents participating in the new rural old-age insurance should be required to pay pension premiums. Currently, the payment standard is set to five grades: 100 yuan / year, 200 yuan / year, 300 yuan / year, 400 yuan / year, 500 yuan / year, and you can pay an additional grade according to the actual situation. Insured person choose the grade pay freely, and the more you pay, the more you get. According to the standard requirements, the provincial government timely adjusts the pay grade.

3.2 Collective Benefits Village organizations with economic conditions should provide subsidies to pay the insured person, and subsidy standards is determined by the democratic village meeting held by the village committee. Meanwhile, It encourages other economic organizations, social welfare organizations and individuals to provide funding for the insured person.

3.3 Government Subsidies 3.3.1 Central Government Subsidies is only Responsible for "Export Subsidies" According to Guo Fa [2009] No.32 Document: the government fullly pays the basis of the new rural old-age insurance pension for the insured person eligible for getting insurance pension. Central and local governments each bear half of the subsidies in the eastern region, and Central Government is fully committed to subsidies in central and western regions. Therefore, western Sichuan Province gets the full central government subsidy, and that is 55 yuan / person / month.

3.3.2 Local Financial Subsidies is not only Responsible for "Export Subsidies" but also "Import Subsidies." export subsidies: First, cities (states) government can improve basic pension standards based on the actual circumstances, while the improving specific standards and the sharing ratio is determined by cities (states) government, by its own burden; Second, cities (states) government may be appropriate to increase the basic pension for long-term rural insured residents, while the improving specific standards and the sharing ratio is determined by cities (states) government, by its own burden.

Import subsidies: First, local government should give subsidies to the insured not less than the standard 30 yuan / person / year. Among them, the provincial finance share 50% and the remaining part is shared by the municipal and county levels, while the sharing ratio is determined by cities (states) government; Second, the more you pay, the more government subsidies(detailed in Table1); Third, cities (states) and counties (cities, districts) should pay some or all of the minimum standards of old-age insurance (pay grade 100 yuan)for the rural population with severe disabilities and Disadvantaged groups, while the specific standards and the sharing ratio is determined by cities (states) government, by its own burden.

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4. Calculation and Analysis of Financing Capacity of the Main Fund-Raising of Sichuan New Rural Old- Age Insurance At present, collective compensation has little impact on promoting new agriculture assurance, so we could neglect the body in this paper.

4.1 Calculation and Analysis of Individual Financing Capacity According to the implementation measures of new type of rural social endowment insurance in Sichuan province, individual pay cost is divided into five levels: 200 yuan/ year, 300 yuan/year, 400 yuan/year, and 500 yuan/year. It’s up to the farmers who make decisions to the level by their own conditions. The author, in this paper, reference to Uniform Basic Old-Age Insurance (by contrast between urban and rural areas) and made a calculation and analysis on the ability of individual raising fund with respect to the total farmer’s revenue in 21 pilot counties. The concrete results can be described in table 2.

Firstly, from the 21 pilot counties view, the per capita net income of rural households was 5317.45 yuan. If farmers choose the lowest level of endowment insurance, this is 1.98% of their revenues. By comparison with Uniform Basic Old-Age Insurance, the urban residents should bare 8%. So that the insurance cost could be afford by farmers. With the level raised, however, the percent of personal wages by the medical insurance premiums would be increased, the highest level would be 9.9%. What’s worse, in some Poverty-stricken Areas, Jiulong county in Ganzi(18.22%), Tongjiang county in Bazhong(13.84%), Wenchuan county in Aba(13.37%), that was obviously higher than 8% which is the standard of town worker is basic endowment insurance, and that would enhance the burden of farmers.

Secondly, we made research in different regions. Because the net income per peasant in the pilot counties varies greatly, different levels of individual pay cost have different impacts on the per capita net income of rural households. In this paper, the author divided the group as three dimensions High, Medium and low by the per capita net income of rural households in the pilots. For the Jingyang county in Deyang city, this area from 100 yuan to 200 yuan, 200 yuan to 300 yuan, 300 yuan to 400 yuan, 400 yuan 500 yuan for each gap of about 1.36%, and each class accounted for less than a year than all urban workers salary of 8% capture to expend scale, so choose space bigger; And the Jiulong County in Ganzi City, contrast low-income, from 100 yuan to 200 yuan, 200 yuan to 300 yuan, 300 yuan to 400 yuan, 400 yuan 500 yuan gap for about 3.65%, and from 300 yuan or more than almost close to or higher than of town worker is basic endowment insurance for 8% of the individual capture to expend scale, so choose the space is less. Analysis can be seen by measuring the high- income groups, the gap between the grades of individual contributions (1.36%) compared to low-income groups (3.65%) in terms of small and basic old-age insurance for urban workers and personal commitment to pay 8% proportion of the gap is also small, so more choice; and individual low-income groups pay a larger gap between grades, and less choice.

On the whole, farmers who choose the lowest level of individual pay cost in 21 pilot counties have less burden. Unfortunately, low-income class have less space to choose what level they should pay cost. That is, the ability of individual raising fund is weak, both the central and local governments should greatly increase their expenditures on subsidies in these pilots. But high income group has a broad individual capture to expend class choice space, new farming keeps personal financing ability, strong local finance can relieve their pressure of moderate subsidies.

4.2 Calculation and Analysis of Central Fund-Raising Capacity Firstly, view from the country as a whole. under the conditions of the new agricultural insurance system: to achieve full coverage of the rural eligible residents, the author calculated the amount of central government subsidies using the data of agricultural populations in 31 provinces and cities in 2009, and thus acquiring the proportions of the total amount of subsidy and individual provincial subsidy accounted for the central government revenue. In 2009, central government revenue is RMB3.59 trillion, and the central government expenditure is RMB1.53 trillion, then the expenses to income ratio is 42.5%. The author estimates that the new

ijcrb.webs.com FEBRUARY 2012 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 3, NO 10 agricultural insurance subsidy accounted 1.53% of the whole revenue, so new agricultural insurance subsidy was very small beside the central total expenditure, so the central government is fully capable to afford it.

Secondly, view from the specific situation in Sichuan Province, under the conditions of the new agricultural insurance system: to achieve full coverage of the rural eligible residents, the subsidies revenue from central government is RMB48.15 billion, accounting for 8.78% of the total subsidy from central government and 0.13% of central revenue. And 0.13% is insignificant compared with the total central government expenditure and revenue ratio of 42.5%, therefore the central government can evidently afford it.

Overall, the amount of central government subsidies in 2009 accounted for fairly a small proportion in contrast to the central government revenue, so the central government is fully capable of undertaking the basic subsidies of pension of the new agricultural insurance. Central fund-raising capacity is relatively strong.

4.3 Measurement and Analysis of Local Government Funding Ability in 21 Pilot Provinces (Districts) in Sichuan Province According to No. 35 [2009] Sichuan document states: To facilitate the analysis and also due to the difficulty in obtaining specific data of some pilot regions, the author here neglects the pension-increasing situation happened to the severe disabled and the needy.

Under the conditions of the new agricultural insurance system: to achieve full coverage of the rural eligible residents, The author calculated Minimum of the new agricultural insurance subsidy amount 30 yuan / person / year based on the data from 21 pilot counties in 2010 (Table 3). There is no fixed share of between municipal government and county (district) government in existing files, so the author discussed in two cases. On the one hand, if the setting standard of the city and county (district) are 50%, respectively, then the minimum amount of insurance subsidies of the 21 pilot counties (districts) undertaken by the local government is :The rural population aged 16 to 59 * 30 * pilot counties (districts) sharing ratio of local government, Calculation results are shown in Table 3. On the other hand, referring to the local implement percentage of new agricultural insurance and the different levels of economic development and rural per capita income in 21 pilot counties (districts). The author set different percentages of new agricultural insurance subsidies: for high-income pilot counties (area): 30% stems from the municipal government subsidy, while the rest 70% is paid by the county (district) government; for medium-income pilot counties (area): it is 50% respectively; and the proportions are respective 70% and 30% for the low-income pilot counties (area).

Shown in Table3, the subsidy burden on local governments is lighter on the whole, and the lowest subsidy to financial of pilot counties (districts) is 7262.625 and 70.901 million yuan respectively, accounting for 0.74% and 0.73% of the local general budget revenue. However, as the economic development, financial capacity of the imbalance and gap of agriculture population of 21 pilot counties (districts), the pressure difference of local financial support in different parts is higher, especially in low-income part of the county (district) where there is a heavier burden of financial subsidies. If the ratio is measured according to 50%, there is a big gap between the low-income regions(such as Bazhong 4.02%,Guangyuan 2.09%,Nanchong 1.65%)and the average level 0.74%,and the local financial subsidies has a heavier burden and financing difficult, so it becomes a major obstacle of new rural old-age insurance. If the ratio is measured according to the ratio of different income, the low-income regions such as Bazhong 2.41%, Guangyuan 1.37%, Nanchong 0.99% has declined compared to the average level 0.74%, so this will help reduce the financial burden of these regions. For high-income pilot counties (districts) such as Luzhou, Chengdu and Panzhihua, although the ratio increases, the gap has declined compared to the average level 0.74%,so there is little impact on these regions' financing capacity.

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5. Conclusions and Recommendations

Through the measurement and analysis of the financing capacity of the three main financing: First, the farmers have the ability to pay in 21 pilot counties (districts) of Sichuan Province. However, the low-income farmers have limited capacity and smaller selection space in the face of high-grade; Second, the central government subsidies has a lighter burden and strong financing capability; Third, local governments have funding difficulties, especially in some middle and low income areas in some extent. Therefore, in order to better promote the new rural old-age insurance system in Sichuan Province, I propose the following comments and suggestions.

5.1 Increasing Farmers' income levels, and Increasing Their Fund-Raising Capacity Increasing farmers' income can be achieved by the following aspects: First, we can increase farmers' operating income by increasing the price of agricultural products, food subsidies and other agricultural subsidies. Second, we can improve farmers' wage income by encouraging the rural surplus labor to go out to work and strengthening skills training of these people. Third, we can enhance farmers' transfer income by social security system.

5.2 Increasing the Capacity of Collective Benefits to Actively Carry Out the New Rural Old-Age Insurance The collective benefits of Sichuan new rural old-age insurance plays a potential role in future and should not be overlooked. First, it should learn from the successful collective benefits model of the eastern region of new rural old-age insurance, such as "Sunan model." Second, as the western province to undertake industrial transfer, Sichuan Province should actively encourage eastern industry to enter and more invest in the context of national industrial structure adjust, promoting the development of township enterprises and enhancing the contribution of collective benefits to the new rural old-age insurance.

5.3 Increasing the Government Subsidies of New Rural Old-Age Insurance According to the measurement and analysis of local government, it should coordinate the government financial subsidies between the cities and counties (districts), and ease the pressure on local financial subsidies. Local financial subsidies of Sichuan new rural old-age insurance should follow provincial municipal county (district) three grade liability regimes. Meanwhile, it should adjust the different levels of local government subsidy ratio according to economic development and revenue situation in different areas.

According to the measurement and analysis of the central fund-raising capacity, the central government completely affords the subsidies of new rural old-age insurance. Therefore, the central government should change the current policy not to subsidize in insured's entrance part in Sichuan poor income areas (such as Jiulong Ganzi, Tongjiang Bazhong).For example, it can set 10 yuan / person / year or more multi-entry allowances, or it can raise the basic pension allowances in these areas.

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References: Huiyuan Xue, & Deming Zhang (2010). Analysis of fund-raising capacity of the main fund-raising of new rural old-age insurance. Tax and the economy, 2, 32-37 Dasong Deng (2010). Analysis of the difficulties to implement new rural old-age insurance system- Analysis of the financing capacity of individual, collective and government. Economic reform, 1,86- 92 Xiaopeng Fu,Ke Huang,& Ping Liang (2011).Measurement and analysis of fund-raising capacity of the main fund-raising of new rural old-age insurance of Chongqing——based on the data of 15 pilot counties.Anhui agricultural Sciences, 23,58-61 Ying Xiong, & Jiao Xiao (2010). Analysis of the raising channels of rural social ole-age insurance fund .Yunnan Finance University Journal, 4 Xiuqi Yuan (2010). Study of the mode of financing of new rural old-age insurance. Southwest Finance University. Fang-fang Zhang.(2010). Discussion: the financing structure of China's new rural old-age insurance .The rule of law and society, 6,222-223 Kangning Fan (2010). New rural social old-age insurance: mode exploration and development trend. Zhongnan University Graduate Journal, 3,115-119 Hong Zheng, & Fanhu Lee (2010).. Study of raising mechanism for innovative research of new rural old-age insurance fund [J]. Economic Research and Tribune. Chuanling Wang, & Shuyun Chi (2008). Study of the way of raising the social insurance fund[J]. Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Journal, 4 Jinhua Shi (2008). Study of the raising problems of China's rural old-age insurance fund. Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 21 Wenyan Cong (2008). Finance reasearch of the raising problems and recommendations of China's rural old-age insurance fund. Economic Research. "China Statistical Yearbook 2010" "Sichuan Statistical Yearbook 2011" 21 pilot counties (districts): 2010 Economic and Social Development Statistical Communique

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Annexure

Table1 Sichuan New Rural Old-Age Insurance Subsidies for the Central and Local Governments Part of the Government subsidies new rural old-age Subsidies targeted Central insurance government Local government subsidies subsidies Groups of 100,200 grade:30 yuan / person / ordinary 0 yuan year pay 300 yuan grade: 35 yuan / person / year Payment High-grade Individual 400 yuan grade: 40 yuan / person / link Payment 0 yuan pension year (entrance groups accounts 500 yuan grade: 45 yuan / person / part) year

Difficulties ≤ 30 yuan / person / year + 100 in payment 0 yuan yuan / person / year groups

55 yuan / Given link Basic pension person / 0 yuan (export month sector) determined by cities (states) the improving basic pension 0 yuan government, by its own burden Source: River House [2009] No.35 document and the author organizes

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Table 2: 21 Pilot Counties (Districts) of Sichuan New Rural Old-Age Insurance in 2010:theProportion of Individual Contributions Accounting for Farmers' Per Capita Net Income Proporti farmers' Proportio Proporti Proportio Proportio on of per capita n of 100 on of n of 300 n of 500 400 County (District) net income yuan 200 yuan yuan yuan yuan （yuan）（%）（%）（%）（%）（%） Jiulong ,GZ 2744.00 3.64% 7.29% 10.93% 14.58% 18.22% Tongjiang 3614.00 2.77% 5.53% 8.30% 11.07% 13.84% ,Bazhong Wenchuan ,Aba 3741.00 2.67% 5.35% 8.02% 10.69% 13.37% Cangxi,Guanyuan 4008.00 2.50% 4.99% 7.49% 9.98% 12.48% Xichang 4565.00 2.19% 4.38% 6.57% 8.76% 10.95% ,Liangshan Nanbu ,Nanchong 4814.00 2.08% 4.15% 6.23% 8.31% 10.39% Xuanhan ,Dazhou 5084.00 1.97% 3.93% 5.90% 7.87% 9.83% Guang'an 5377.00 1.86% 3.72% 5.58% 7.44% 9.30% ,Guang'an Anju ,Suining 5390.00 1.86% 3.71% 5.57% 7.42% 9.28% Zizhong ,Neijiang 5504.00 1.82% 3.63% 5.45% 7.27% 9.08% Jianyang ,Ziyang 5552.00 1.80% 3.60% 5.40% 7.20% 9.01% Central ,Leshan 5613.00 1.78% 3.56% 5.34% 7.13% 8.91% Gong ,Yibin 5640.00 1.77% 3.55% 5.32% 7.09% 8.87% Fushun ,Zigong 5762.00 1.74% 3.47% 5.21% 6.94% 8.68% Yucheng ,Ya'an 5907.00 1.69% 3.39% 5.08% 6.77% 8.46% Jiangyou 5940.00 1.68% 3.37% 5.05% 6.73% 8.42% ,Mianyang Renshou 5942.50 1.68% 3.37% 5.05% 6.73% 8.41% ,Meishan Lu ,Luzhou 6006.00 1.67% 3.33% 5.00% 6.66% 8.33% Miyi ,Panzhihua 6427.00 1.56% 3.11% 4.67% 6.22% 7.78% Jintang ,Chengdu 6699.00 1.49% 2.99% 4.48% 5.97% 7.46% Jinyang ,Deyang 7337.00 1.36% 2.73% 4.09% 5.45% 6.81% Average 5317.45 1.98% 3.96% 5.94% 7.92% 9.90% Source: "Sichuan Statistical Yearbook 2011" and the author organizes

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Table 3: 21 Pilot Counties (Districts):the Proportion Measurement of the Local Financial Subsidies Accounting for Local Revenue Minimum Minimum 16 to 59- Local amount of amount of Subsidy Subsidy Agricultura year- general local local account account County l oldagricult budget financial financial for for (district) population ural revenue subsidies subsidies revenue revenue (million) population (million (million): (million): (%) (%) (million) ) According to According to 50% income Jiulong 5.5 3.86 20100 28.95 0.14% 17.36 0.09% GZ Tongjian g 64.7 45.38 8458 340.35 4.02% 204.21 2.41% Bazhong Wenchua 6.6 4.63 19658 34.725 0.18% 20.83 0.11% n Aba Cangxi Guanyua 66.9 46.92 15362 351.9 2.29% 211.16 1.37% n Xichang Liangsha 42 29.46 143211 220.95 0.15% 132.56 0.09% n Nanbu Nanchon 108.1 75.82 34564 568.65 1.65% 341.2 0.99% g Xuanhan 109.7 76.94 38852 577.05 1.49% 577.08 1.49% Dazhou Guang'an 97.9 68.67 36619 515.025 1.41% 515 1.41% Guang'an Anju 75.8 53.17 11638 398.775 3.43% 398.75 3.43% Suining Zizhong 113.6 79.68 34397 597.6 1.74% 597.59 1.74% Neijiang Jianyang 122.5 85.92 75025 644.4 0.86% 644.41 0.86% Ziyang Central 29.6 20.76 46360 155.7 0.34% 155.71 0.34% Leshan Gong 33 23.15 28070 173.625 0.62% 173.6 0.62% Yibin Fushun 83 58.22 36218 436.65 1.21% 436.62 1.21% Zigong Yucheng 18.6 13.05 60750 97.875 0.16% 97.85 0.16% Ya'an Jiangyou Mianyan 62.1 43.56 64492 326.7 0.51% 326.68 0.51% g Renshou 129.2 90.62 44986 679.65 1.51% 679.66 1.51% Meishan Lu 98.5 69.09 47054 518.175 1.10% 725.42 1.54% Luzhou Miyi Panzhihu 18.6 13.05 44327 97.875 0.22% 136.98 0.31% a

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Jintang 66.1 46.36 60175 347.7 0.58% 486.81 0.81% Chengdu Jinyang 28.6 20.06 106016 150.45 0.14% 210.63 0.20% Deyang Total 1380.6 968.35 976332 7262.625 0.74% 7090.1 0.73% Source: "Sichuan Statistical Yearbook 2011" and the author organizes