The 613 Commandments – Law of Moses (Mitzvot)
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Lamb of God" Title in John's Gospel: Background, Exegesis, and Major Themes Christiane Shaker [email protected]
Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) Fall 12-2016 The "Lamb of God" Title in John's Gospel: Background, Exegesis, and Major Themes Christiane Shaker [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Shaker, Christiane, "The "Lamb of God" Title in John's Gospel: Background, Exegesis, and Major Themes" (2016). Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). 2220. https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2220 Seton Hall University THE “LAMB OF GOD” TITLE IN JOHN’S GOSPEL: BACKGROUND, EXEGESIS, AND MAJOR THEMES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THEOLOGY CONCENTRATION IN BIBLICAL THEOLOGY BY CHRISTIANE SHAKER South Orange, New Jersey October 2016 ©2016 Christiane Shaker Abstract This study focuses on the testimony of John the Baptist—“Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” [ἴδε ὁ ἀµνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁµαρτίαν τοῦ κόσµου] (John 1:29, 36)—and its impact on the narrative of the Fourth Gospel. The goal is to provide a deeper understanding of this rich image and its influence on the Gospel. In an attempt to do so, three areas of concentration are explored. First, the most common and accepted views of the background of the “Lamb of God” title in first century Judaism and Christianity are reviewed. -
Sermon: How As a Christian Should I Respond? (Jen Goode 03‐04‐2018)
Page 1 – Sermon: How as a Christian should I respond? (Jen Goode 03‐04‐2018) (Exodus 20:1‐17; Psalm 19; John 2:13‐22) Let us pray: Holy One, I pray that the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart will be acceptable in your sight, my rock and my redeemer. Amen. On January 13 of this year, I posted on my Facebook page a letter I had seen to a company called Scholastic. I’m not sure if you all know this company, but Scholastic encourages school‐aged children to purchase books through monthly flyers that are sent home in backpacks. This is the letter Jaime Brusehoff wrote: “Dear Scholastic: I’ve heard you’ve been targeted … for offering and celebrating books that are LGBTQ‐inclusive. I’m sorry they’re targeting you with their ignorance and miseducation. As the mom of a transgender child, I want to say thank you. What you are doing matters. Your books make a difference. Representation matters, and when my transgender daughter reads a book that features a transgender character, she feels seen, affirmed, and valued. She thrives knowing that her peers are reading books about kids like her too. When she meets a new friend who doesn’t quite understand what it means to be transgender, do you know what she does? She hands them a book. I regularly do trainings for educators and other professionals who work with youth, and when I come with my stack of children’s books that celebrate gender creative and transgender kids, they are so happy and relieved. -
Maimonides on the First Commandment: Belief In
Special for Shavuoth 5768 Is Belief in God a Miztvah? Maimonides on the First Commandment Rabbi Assaf Bednarsh The first of the Ten Commandments, which we will read with much fanfare on Shavuot morning, is “Anochi Hashem Elokecha” – I am the Lord your God. Or is it? The Torah never actually refers to ten commandments, but to “Aseret HaDibrot”, ten statements, that God uttered to the Jewish people at Sinai. While the importance of these ten statements has never been questioned, the question of whether they in fact constitute commandments is quite controversial, specifically with regard to the first of these statements. Rambam, in his Sefer HaMitzvot, counts belief in God as the very first mitzvah, and cites “Anochi Hashem Elokecha” as the Biblical source for the commandment of faith. Ramban, however, in his glosses to Sefer HaMitzvot, points out that the passuk is not phrased as a commandment – “Believe in the Lord your God”, but rather as a statement of fact – “I am the Lord your God.” Therefore, the earlier mitzvah compendium Halachot Gedolot did not count the first of the ten statements as one of the 613 commandments, viewing it rather as a statement of theological fact. Of course, Halachot Gedolot does not deny that a good Jew must believe in God, but he understands that this requirement is too basic to be counted as a mitzvah. Faith is the pillar which supports all the 613 mitzvot of the Torah, and thus is not considered one of them. Rav Soloveitchik once summarized this disagreement using halachic terminology –Rambam considers faith as a mitzvah, but Halachot Gedolot considers it a “hechsher mitzvah”, a necessary precondition of the mitzvot. -
A Modern Christian Perspective on Global Poverty in Light of Economic Globalization
A MODERN CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL POVERTY IN LIGHT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION an Honors Project submitted by Isaac B. Sharp 6825 Mountain Shadow Dr Knoxville, Tennessee 37918 (865) 256-9595 in partial fulfillment for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Religion with Honors April 28, 2010 Project Advisor: Dr. Ross Brummett © 2010 Isaac B. Sharp Approval Sheet A MODERN CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL POVERTY IN LIGHT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION _________________________ _________________________ Faculty Director Chair, Department of Religion _________________________ Director, Honors Program ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project could not have been completed without the diligent work and support of several people. By no means can I take all of the credit for the completion of this project, and I would be remiss if I did not thank those who have guided me along the way for their efforts. I first must thank Dr. Christine Jones and Dr. Don Garner for their invaluable editing of and suggestions for the drafts of each of the chapters. As members of the hearing committee, it was far above and beyond their duties to be as involved as they were. The final project is infinitely better than it would have been if they had not assisted along the way. I also want to thank Ken Massey for his service on my hearing committee. Most importantly, I want to thank Dr. Ross Brummett. His tireless efforts in every step of this process have been without parallel, and he truly has embodied what it means to be an Honors Project advisor. If not for Dr. Brummett, there is truly no way that this project would have been completed. -
The Sin Offering No
Sermon #739 Metropolitan tabernacle Pulpit 1 THE SIN OFFERING NO. 739 A SERMON DELIVERED ON LORD’S-DAY MORNING, MARCH 10, 1867, BY C. H. SPURGEON, AT THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, NEWINGTON. “If the priest that is anointed do sin, according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bullock without blemish, unto the LORD for a sin offering.” Leviticus 4:3. IN the previous chapters of the book of Leviticus, you read of the burnt offering, the peace offering, and the meat offering—all types of our Lord Jesus Christ, as seen from different points of view. Those three sacrifices were sweet savor offerings, and represent the Lord Jesus in His glorious person and perfect righteousness as an offering of a sweet smell unto God. The chapter before us, the whole of which we shall require as a text, describes the sin offering, which although quite distinct from the sweet savor offerings, is not altogether to be separated from them, for the Lord Jesus Christ viewed in any light is very dear unto His Father, and even when beheld as a sin offering is elect and precious unto God, as we shall have to show you in the type before us. Still, the sin offering does not set forth the acceptance of the substitute before the Lord, but rather brings out the abhorrence which God has towards sin, the putting away from His holy presence of everything upon which sin is laid. This morning, if God shall enable us, we hope to impress upon your minds, first of all, the great evil of sin and secondly, the great and wonderful power of the blood of atonement by which sin is put away. -
Parashat Tazria Our Parasha Opens with the Laws of a Yoledet
Parashat Tazria Our parasha opens with the laws of a yoledet (a woman who gives birth). As we go through the section discussing these laws, we find a passuk that commands us to perform the mitzvah of brit milah on the eighth day, from which Chazal learn that the brit milah must be performed by day, not by night, and that it is performed even if the eighth day falls on Shabbat. This raises the following question, asked by both the Chizkuni and the Ohr HaChaim: Why does the Torah interrupt the halachot of yoledet with a passuk discussing brit milah? This passuk seemingly belongs in parashat Lech Lecha with the rest of the halachot of brit milah, not here in the middle of the halachot of yoledet! The Chizkuni and Ohr HaChaim suggest that we might have mistakenly thought that brit milah was performed on Shabbat only before kabbalat haTorah, but now that we have the mitzvah of Shabbat, the brit milah would be pushed to Sunday if the eighth day was Shabbat. This passuk therefore teaches us that even after kabbalat haTorah, brit milah on the eighth day trumps Shabbat. Although the answer of the Chizkuni and the Ohr HaChaim explains the necessity of this passuk, it doesn't seem to explain its seemingly incongruous placement in the middle of the section discussing yoledet! This, then, is our first question: What is the passuk of brit milah doing here in the middle of the parasha of yoledet? The Torah goes on to obligate the yoledet to bring a korban chatat (a sin-offering). -
SIN, PURIFICATION and SACRIFICE: Analysis and Comparison of Texts from the Book of Leviticus and Malagasy Traditional Rituals
SIN, PURIFICATION AND SACRIFICE: Analysis and Comparison of Texts from the Book of Leviticus and Malagasy Traditional Rituals Submitted by Olivier Randrianjaka In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) VID Specialized University, Stavanger February 2020 i ABSTRACT This study is an analysis and comparison of rituals in two different settings. Due to its ancient content, the book of Leviticus has been negatively received or is simply ignored by most western Churches. They see the book of Leviticus as irrelevant to today’s Christians. This research grows out of the interest to find why Malagasy Christians feel at home when reading the book of Leviticus. My research starts from the hypothesis that there might be some identifiable correspondences between ancient rituals in the book of Leviticus and some traditional Malagasy rituals. These correspondences might be the rationale behind the familiarity of Malagasy readers with the book of Leviticus and hence their positive acceptance. All these rituals have to do with sin, purification and sacrifice. My research is divided into two main parts. In Part One, I study three rituals from the book of Leviticus, namely, the ritual purification relating to intentional and unintentional sins in Lev 4:1– 5:13, the postpartum ritual purification in Lev 12 and the global ritual purification on the Day of Atonement in Lev 16. Part Two is devoted to the study of three seleted traditional Malagasy rituals, namely, the ritual purification relating to violation of taboo (fady), the eighth day postpartum ritual purification of the Malagasy northern ethnic groups and the New Year royal bath ritual of purification called fandroana. -
The Techniques of the Sacrifice
Andm Univcrdy Seminary Stndics, Vol. 44, No. 1,13-49. Copyright 43 2006 Andrews University Press. THE TECHNIQUES OF THE SACRIFICE OF ANIMALS IN ANCIENT ISRAEL AND ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA: NEW INSIGHTS THROUGH COMPARISON, PART 1' JOANNSCURLOCK ELMHURSTCOLLEGE Elmhurst, Illinois There is an understandable desire among followers of religions that are monotheistic and that claim descent from ancient Israelite religion to see that religion as unique and completely at odds with its surroundrng polytheistic competitors. Most would not deny that there are at least a few elements of Israelite religion that are paralleled in neighboring cultures, as, e.g., the Hittites: 'I would like to thank the following persons who read and commented on earlier drafts of this article: R. Bed, M. Hilgert, S. Holloway, R. Jas, B. Levine and M. Murrin. Abbreviations follow those given in W. von Soden, AWches Han&rterbuch, 3 301s. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965-1981); and M. Jursa and M. Weszeli, "Register Assyriologie," AfO 40-41 (1993/94): 343-369, with the exception of the following: (a) series: D. 0.Edzard, Gnda and His Dynarg, Royal Inscriptions of Mesopommia: Early Periods (RIME) 311 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997); S. Parpola and K. Watanabe, Neo-Assyrin Treatzes and Lq&y Oaths, State Archives of Assyria (SAA) 2 (Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1988); A. Livingstone, Court Poety and Literq Misceubnea, SAA 3 (Helsinki Helsinki University Press, 1989); I. Starr,QnerieJ to the Sungod, SAA 4 (Helsinki Helsinki University Press, 1990); T. Kwasrnan and S. Parpola, Lga/ Trama~~lom$the RoyaiCoz& ofNineveh, Part 1, SAA 6 (Helsinki Helsinki University Press, 1991); F. -
One More Mitzvah (Shavuot)” Kol Nidre Sermon Rabbi Erica Asch Temple Beth El October 8, 2019
“One More Mitzvah (Shavuot)” Kol Nidre Sermon Rabbi Erica Asch Temple Beth El October 8, 2019 As many of you know, this spring we had a Pakastani exchange student, Faiza, who lived with us. She was with us during the month of Ramadan. I had always known that Muslims fasted from sunrise to sunset for the entire month. What I did not know until this spring, is that the fast does not start at sunrise. It actually starts more than an hour before sunrise. You have to eat before the first prayer of the day. That first prayer occurs when the sky begins to get light. So, if sunrise is at 5:00 in the morning, as it was this June, then Faiza would have to finish eating by 3:45am. Even though Chris and I were not fasting, we found it very difficult to get up at 3:15, cook breakfast for Faiza, and then go back to sleep around 4am. And Faiza did it all while going to school! As an outsider I both admired her devotion and questioned the system. Really, you have to finish eating before it even starts to get light? That seems really strict. For 30 entire days? Sometimes it takes being on the outside to see how traditions may look to others. So I imagine, to many non-Jews out there, Yom Kippur seems, similarly, a little, shall we say, strange. You don’t eat or drink for 25 hours. You wear white but you don’t wear leather. You stay in synagogue all day thinking about what you’ve done wrong. -
The Significance of Blood Sacrifice in the Old Testament
46 AFRREV, 10 (1), S/NO 40, JANUARY, 2016 An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 10(1), Serial No.40, January, 2016: 46-60 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online) Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v10i1.5 The Significance of Blood Sacrifice in the Old Testament Allison, Charles S. Dept. of Philosophy & Religious Studies Faculty of Arts Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +2348029527740 Abstract Sacrifice does not appear to be foreign to Israel, because the surrounding nations practiced it. Undoubtedly, therefore, blood sacrifice in the Old Testament could be traced to Babylonian, Canaanite or Ancient Nomadic rituals and fellowship meals according to the New Concise Bible Dictionary. Undue reference made to Old Testament Blood Sacrifice, has become a contemporary basis for some clandestine activities in our society. The purpose of blood sacrifice in the Old Testament is, therefore, paramount. Studies of this nature find the Historical, Theological, Descriptive and Exegetical approach integral to its end product. It is noteworthy at this juncture to observe that some of the Old Testament sacrifices were non-bloody; but, the scope of this study is majorly on the Bloody sacrifices of the Old Testament. Moreover, the symbolic nature and significance of blood sacrifice in the Old Testament is the major stress area of the study. Consequently, it should be on record, that the use or misuse of blood sacrifice, outside the basic Old Testament prescription, by any mortal should, therefore, not only be kept on hold or at abeyance, but also be outrightly abrogated. -
Holy Jewish Texts and Teachings About Peace
Holy Jewish Texts and Teachings About Peace By Rabbi Pam Frydman © copyright 2019. All rights reserved. To request permission to reprint any part of this paper, please email rabbipam.be@gmail Peace is an elusive phenomenon that is, or may be, desired by those who have no appetite for armed conflict. Peace is especially desirable by people for whom the world is better when they are not in danger of armed conflict. However, even soldiers and sailors on active duty may wish for peace. One of the important paths to peace is through understanding. This purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to core Jewish texts and examples of some of the Jewish views found in these texts on the subject of peace and understanding. TANAKH – HEBREW BIBLE – JEWISH HOLY SCRIPTURES The Hebrew Bible is called Tanakh.1 Tanakh is an acronym. “T” stands for Torah, meaning “Teachings”, and refers to the first five booKs of the TanaKh, which contain the stories of creation, the founders of the Jewish faith, the exodus from slavery, and the forty years of wandering in the wilderness. Interspersed among the stories in the Torah are 613 commandments called mitz- vot that formed the original basis of Judaism. “N” stands for Nevi-im, meaning “Prophets”, and contains eight books of prophecy, stories and legends. “K” stands for Ketuvim, meaning “Writings”, and contains eleven books that include history, parables, philosophy and poetry. Each of the booKs in the TanaKh are described in the final section of this chapter, entitled, “Books of the Tanakh”. 1 Tanakh is also spelled Tanach. -
Revision Guide
1 Component 3 Judaism Revision Guide Name: ________________________ Class_________________________ 2 Contents Basic information and differences between orthodox and Reform Jews……………...3 Key words…………………………………………………………………………………….4 The nature of God…………………………………………………………………………...5 Shekinah and the Messiah…………………………………………………………………6 Covenant and Abraham…………………………………………………………………..6-7 Covenant and Moses………………………………………………………………………..7 10 Commandments, The Torah and life on earth (Pikuach Nefesh)………………..…8 Mitzvot………………………………………………………………………………………...9 Faith in Action and Afterlife……………………………………………………………….10 Shabbat in the synagogue and at home…………………………………………………11 Prayer and the Shema…………………………………………………………………….12 Key features of the synagogue…………………………………………………………...13 Difference between Orthodox and Reform synagogues……………………………….14 Dress in Judaism…………………………………………………………………………..15 Jewish rituals – Brit Milah, Bar Mitzvah, Bat Chayil……………………………………16 Jewish Marriage……………………………………………………………………………17 Death and mourning……………………………………………………………………….18 Law, and intro to Tenakh, Torah and Talmud…………………………………………..19 Kosher food…………………………………………………………………………………20 Festivals – Rosh Hashannah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Pesach……………………...21-22 Exam help……………………………………………………………………………….23-25 3 How to use this guide Each of the 2 sections we have studied are included in this revision guide. 30 marks will be available for beliefs and teachings and 30 marks will be available for practices. This revision guide is only a basic set of notes; you should also use your exercise books