Family Conference with a Focus on Children and Family
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CONTACT US Address: 56 W45 Street 4th Floor New York, NY 10036 Phone: +1 (646) 838-4882 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.jwf.org CONTENTS 8 Editor’s Note Journalists and Writers Foundation 10 Opening Speech I Binta Masi Garba 13 Opening Speech II Nuray Yurt 15 Keynote Speech Akila Aggoune 22 Children and youth well-being Ignacio Socias, Alex Vazquez 31 Nigeria’s Health Insurance Policy and the Health of the Nigerian Child: Ethical Considerations on Adequacy and Accessibility Daniel Danbong Bingel 42 Effect of Home Visitation on Child’s Behavior and Academic Improvement Yusuf Ozdemir 52 Children in Criminal Activities: A Case Study of Bangladesh from Islamic Perspective Muhammad Obaidullah 67 Civil society initiatives for the development of riot affected children; A case study of Muzaffar Nagar in India Muhammed Mansoor Hudawi 76 Educational pluralism and parental objections: a child rights-based approach Alexander Schuster 86 The Family and the Convention on the Rights of the Child Hans Ucko 91 Democracy and Children’s Rights in Africa: Toward a Politics of Inclusion Alex Mwamba Ng’oma 102 “The Family and the Convention on the Rights of the Child” Reflections for the World Day of Prayer and Action for Children 2016 Rebeca Rios-Kohn 114 Final Declaration 116 Speakers 120 Organizations EDITOR’S NOTE On 14 December 1954, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) suggested to establish a Universal Children’s Day for every country in order to recognize as a day of “fraternity” and “understanding” between children all over the world1. As a result, ‘November 20’ was labelled for adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, in 1959; and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in 1989. The UNGA recommended to governments to honor the day felicitously and to promote the mission of the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)2. The International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) defines a “child” as a person below the age of 18 and urges all governments to increase the level of protection for all children under 18 -regardless of their race, religion, or abilities, whatever they think or say, whatever type of family they come from. Governments should ensure that no child is discriminated on any basis, by taking all necessary steps to ensure that the minimum standards set by the Convention are being met. These necessary steps also include to help families, protect children’s rights and create an environment where they can grow and reach their potential (Article 1-4)3. According to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, “all people, irrespective of sex, age, race, ethnicity, and persons with disabilities, migrants, indigenous peoples, children and youth, especially those in vulnerable situations, should have access to life-long learning opportunities that help them acquire the knowledge and skills needed to exploit opportunities and to participate fully in society4 .” In relation to that, the document promises “to provide children and youth with a nurturing environment for the full realization of their rights and capabilities, helping our countries to reap the demographic dividend including through safe schools and cohesive communities and families5.” In order to open the ground for an academic discussion of this “nurturing environment of children for the full realization of their rights and capabilities”, in partnership with Arigatou International/Prayer and Action for Children, Ufuk Dialog Foundation and the Journalists and Writers Foundation organize the 4th International Family Conference with a focus on children and family. International Family Conference is a biennial international academic conference which is organized by the Journalists and Writers Foundation (JWF), which had General Consultative Status at UN Economic 1) General Assembly resolution 836(IX), Universal Children’s Day, A/RES/836(IX) (14 December 1954), available from http://undocs.org/A/RES/836(IX) 2) Ibid. 3) Convention on the Rights of the Child, New York, 20 November 1989, United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531, p.3, available from https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201577/v1577.pdf 4) General Assembly resolution 70/1, Annex, para 25, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (25 September 2015), available from http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/ generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf 5) Ibid. 8 and Social Council (ECOSOC). Its aim is to stimulate interdisciplinary and cross-national collaboration and approach to various family issues. It is promoted that on the Universal Children’s Day, Children’s Rights should be celebrated on the basis of the Convention. Also, the day should be devoted to ideals and objectives of the Charter with joint efforts by the all countries and regions to continuously build up a living-friendly environment for children in the world through dialogues and actions. In that sense, International Family conference IV joins the Arigatou International, Action and Prayer for Children to honor the Children’s Rights. The Prayer and Action for Children occurs every year on the Universal Children’s Day, November 20, to safeguard the integrity, rights and dignity of children and promote their well-being via the partnership of world’s religions, faith-based groups, secular organizations and people of goodwill. On the Day, all over the world, prayer services accompanied by one or two common, measurable actions for the survival, development and protection of children are encouraged. “The logo for the World Day of Prayer and Action for Children features a stylized image of a child painting a rainbow in the sky. The rainbow in the design symbolizes the beautiful diversity of the human family; the many colors unite in a single rainbow to express the universal hope that all children will one day be able to grow to their full potential in a peaceful world. The child in the design is taking creative action to produce the rainbow, representing the inspired work of people of good will everywhere — especially the efforts of children and young people — to build a world fit for children.”6 Journalists and Writers Foundation 6) https://prayerandactionforchildren.org/who-we-are/5-who-we-are/who-we-are/206-world-day-logo 9 OPENING SPEECH I Binta Masi Garba Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Representing Adamawa North Senatorial District In this part of the world, it is often incomprehensible to many as far as the population is concerned to accept the truism of women and children to having rights, despite legislation and Act which legitimizes it. The Chairman, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. I would like to welcome you all to this 4th International Family Conference tagged “CHILDREN’S RIGHTS AND FAMILY”. I am greatly honoured by your invitation and highly delighted to have this opportunity to make the opening speech at this year’s event. I appreciate the leadership of UFUK DIALOGUE FOUNDATION and partners for the confidence reposed in me to set the tone in this discourse that will follow. I strongly belief that the array of panelist paraded here today will do justice to the issues at hand. Although, there is no clear-cut definition to who a child is, there is however one irreversible characteristics which is VULNERABILITY; he has no means to neither protect nor provide for himself. JUST TO RECAP: “In 1924, the League of Nations (LON) adopted the Geneva Declaration that recognized and affirmed for the first time the existence of rights specific to children and their responsibilities”. On 20 November 1959, the struggle continued with the effort of the United Nations through the adoption of the declaration of child’s right in 1959. In 2003, Nigeria adopted what is popularly known as Act No. 26, “The Child’s Right Act, 2003” to provide and protect every Nigerian child and other related matters. This provision is clearly enshrined in the 1999 constitution under the provisions in Chapter IV. The rights recognize; • The right to education, standard of living, health etc. • The right to protection against slavery, torture, violence and bad treatment • Right to proper parenting either by parents or guidance • No child shall be discriminated by reason of his belonging to a particular community/ethnic group, sex, religion etc. According to the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child, “a child is a person below the age of 18, unless the laws of a particular country set the legal age for adulthood younger”.