Concord's Least Wanted!

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CONCORD’S LEAST WANTED! Norway Maple, Acer platanoides Origin: Norway maple was originally introduced into North America by botanist John Bartram of Philadelphia who received seedlings from Philip Miller of London in 1756. He sold two Norway maples to George Washington in 1792 for planting at Mt. Vernon and soon the tree became one of the most popular street trees. It tolerates poor soils and air pollution and was originally planted to replace Elms when Dutch elm disease decimated our street tree population. Identification / Habitat: The tree is usually forty to sixty feet tall but in some cases has been reported of growing up to one hundred feet tall. The canopy is rounded and can spread sixty to eighty feet wide. The leaves are oppositely arranged and have five lobes. The trunk has grayish brown bark with regular shallow groves. It can be readily distinguished from other maples because the leaves and twigs ooze milky sap when cut or torn. Norway maple is the most widespread maple in Europe where it occurs from southern Scandinavia to the Caucasus Mountains, Turkey, and northern Iran. Dispersal: Norway maple reproduces by seed, which it produces in copious amounts. The winged fruits (samaras) are distributed by the wind; the seeds germinate readily, even in dense shade, and grow quickly when young. Problems: Many of the features that made this a desirable tree to plant by roadsides are also why it has become invasive. Being hardier then many native tree species has allowed it to outcompete and thrive. The ability of this species to grow in deep shade makes it particularly threatening to native forest habitats. Like many invasives, its ability to grow quickly gives it the upper hand when gaining control of an area. Control: Hand pulling is acceptable for small saplings of this species, with mechanical removal and a "cut-and-dab" chemical treatment needed for larger trees. Make sure to bag all limbs that may contain seed pods to prevent the spread of the plant. Any removal within 100 feet of wetland resource areas, including certified vernal pools, or within 200 feet of a perennial stream will require approval from the Concord Natural Resources Commission. Please contact the Division of Natural Resources before you begin! Division of Natural Resources ~ 978-318-3285 ~ 141 Keyes Road .

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Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter
©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 28, Heft 28: 377-388 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. November 2007 Phytophagous Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) of the Western Black Sea Region and their ichneumonid parasitoids Z. OKYAR & M. YURTCAN Abstract Eleven agricultural and silviculturally important species of Noctuidae and their parasitoids were determined in 33 localities from the Western Black Sea region between 2001 and 2004. The ichneumonid biological control agents Enicospilus ramidulus, Barylypa amabilis and Itoplectis alternans were obtained by rearing the host larvae. K e y w o r d s : Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, parasitoidism, Western Black Sea Region, Turkey Zusammenfassung 11 land- und forstwirtschaftlich bedeutende Noctuidae-Arten einschließlich ihrer Parasitoide aus 33 Standorten des Gebietes des westlichen Schwarzen Meeres wurden im Zeitraum 2001 bis 2004 studiert. Ichneumonidae der Arten Enicospilus ramidulus, Barylypa amabilis and Itoplectis alternans konnten durch Aufzucht der Wirtslarven festgestellt werden. 377 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Introduction The Noctuidae is the largest family of the Lepidoptera. Larvae of some species are par- ticularly harmful to agricultural and silvicultural regions worldwide. Consequently, for years intense efforts have been carried out to control them through chemical, biological, and cultural methods (LIBURD et al. 2000; HOBALLAH et al. 2004; TOPRAK & GÜRKAN 2005). In the field, noctuid control is often carried out by parasitoid wasps (CHO et al. 2006). Ichneumonids are one of the most prevalent parasitoid groups of noctuids but they also parasitize on other many Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Araneae (KASPARYAN 1981; FITTON et al. 1987, 1988; GAULD & BOLTON 1988; WAHL 1993; GEORGIEV & KOLAROV 1999).
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