Acer Platanoides in Europe: Distribution, Habitat, Usage and Threats
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The Invasive Alien Leaf Miner Cameraria Ohridella and the Native Tree Acer Pseudoplatanus: a Fatal Attraction?
1 The invasive alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the native tree Acer pseudoplatanus: a fatal attraction? Christelle Per´ e†,´ Sylvie Augustin∗, Ted C. J. Turlings† and Marc Kenis CABI Europe-Switzerland, 2800 Del´emont, Switzerland, ∗INRA, UR 633 Zoologie Foresti`ere, 45000 Orl´eans, France and †Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchˆatel, 2009 Neuchˆatel, Switzerland Abstract 1 The horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella is an invasive moth in Europe and a serious pest of horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum. The moth also occasionally attacks sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus, when situated beside infested horse-chestnuts. 2 The main objective of the present study was to provide an overview of the relationship between C. ohridella and A. pseudoplatanus and to determine whether C. ohridella has the potential to shift to this native tree. 3 In the field, females oviposit on different deciduous tree species. Although less frequently attacked than A. hippocastanum, A. pseudoplatanus was clearly preferred for oviposition over 12 other woody species investigated. 4 Surveys in Europe demonstrated that the majority of A. pseudoplatanus trees found beside infested A. hippocastanum had mines of C. ohridella, even though more than 70% of the larvae died within the first two instars. Attack rates and development success greatly varied from site to site. Attack levels on A. pseudoplatanus were not always correlated with those on A. hippocastanum, and mines on A. pseudoplatanus were sometimes observed beside weakly-infested A. hippocastanum. 5 Field observations, experimental exposure of A. pseudoplatanus saplings and rearing trials in a common garden study showed that individual trees may vary in their susceptibility to C. -
Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
Acer Platanoides -Norway Maple (Aceraceae)
Acer platanoides -Norway Maple (Aceraceae) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Acer platanoides is a stress tolerant tree widely planted -bark lightly fissured in youth, becoming shallowly along streets and residential landscapes. It casts a dense interlaced with ridges with age, but not deeply fissured shade and is available in purple-foliaged or uniquely nor platy as is typical of other large Maples with age shaped forms. USAGE FEATURES Function Form -shade tree for the green-foliaged forms; focal point or -large shade tree specimen tree if it is purple-foliaged or variegated -maturing to 50' tall x 50' wide Texture -upright oval growth habit in -medium-bold texture in foliage and when bare youth, becoming rounded and -thick density in foliage and average density when bare spreading with age Assets -medium growth rate -dense summer shade Culture -purple-foliaged and variegated cultivars -full sun to partial sun (partial -most urban tolerant of the shade Maples for the shade tolerant in youth) Eastern and Midwestern U.S. -prefers cool, moist summers in -fairly symmetrical branching deep, well-drained, moist soils; but tolerates urban Liabilities stress conditions -shallow root system surfaces with age -susceptible to several diseases (including Verticillium -prone to frost cracks on south-facing bark in winter wilt and anthracnose) and pests, but especially prone to -does not perform well under humid conditions of the frost cracks (bark splitting and sap oozing on the south Southern U.S. side -
The Effect of Different Stratification Methods on the Germination of Acer Platanoides and Acer Campestre Seeds
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series II: Forestry • Wood Industry • Agricultural Food Engineering • Vol. 4 (53) No. 1 - 2011 THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STRATIFICATION METHODS ON THE GERMINATION OF ACER PLATANOIDES AND ACER CAMPESTRE SEEDS C. DRĂGHICI1 I.V. ABRUDAN1 Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the germination response in six origins of Acer platanoides and Acer campestre seeds. Seeds of both species were exposed to four methods of stratification: cold (3 °C) and warm (20 °C), with and without sand-peat medium. The highest percentage of germination (54.75%) was obtained, for Acer platanoides, when the treatment was conducted at 3 °C. The initiation of germination with a low percentage of germinated seeds (12.75% to 22.25%) determined the initiation of secondary dormancy for the majority of A. platanoides seeds. In the case of the A. campestre seeds, the pretreatment phase in cold environment (19weeks) proved to be too short for these origins. Key words: Acer platanoides, Acer campestre, dormancy. 1. Introduction generally cool and moist conditions (sand, peat etc.) for a period of time is called An important characteristic of temperate stratification. tree species is seed dormancy. Whilst most Cold treatment is efficient in removing Acer species - including A. campestre, A. many types of seed dormancy. The monspessulanum, A. platanoides, A. embryonic dormant state which is present pseudoplatanus, A. glabrum - exhibit in seeds of Acer platanoides, can be dormancy [8], [9], [11-13], some other removed after seed storage at high species, like A. rubrum and A. -
Acer Campestre Field Maple
Acer campestre Field Maple Acer campestre is a deciduous, medium sized tree which is native to England and much of Europe. In spring, inconspicuous yellow green flowers emerge at the same time as the foliage. The leaves turn a lush green and have five deep, rounded lobes. When autumn comes, the foliage changes to a glorious shade of yellow and winged fruits hang in clusters from the stems. The bark is also interesting, finely fissured and corky bark also giving good interest at other times of year. The wood is hard and strong and can make furniture and musical instruments, though the relatively slow growth means it is not commonly used. Contrary to popular opinion, Acer campestre is not just a wildlife friendly hedging plant. This is a highly versatile and underrated variety which can be grown and trained into many different forms. When trained into an umbrella or pleached form, it takes on a fantastic architectural quality which allows it to be used in formal schemes and even show gardens. It is also available as a standard, multistem, hedging or bonsai / cloud pruned plant. Semi mature field maples 20-25-30cm girth Plant Profile Name: Acer campestre Common Name: Field Maple Family: Aceraceae Height: 12-15m Demands: Suitable for a wide range of soils. Also tolerant of drought, air pollution, wind exposure and to a degree, soil compaction and salty air. Foliage: Small, dark green, 5-lobed leaves. Brilliant gold in Autumn Flower: Inconspicuous small flowers in spring Fruit: Winged seeds in clusters in autumn Bark: Pale brown with close ridges; slightly corky Acer campestre multistems, for hedging or specimens Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds. -
Hypoglycin a Concentrations in Maple Tree Species in the Netherlands and the Occurrence of Atypical Myopathy in Horses
J Vet Intern Med 2016;30:880–884 Hypoglycin A Concentrations in Maple Tree Species in the Netherlands and the Occurrence of Atypical Myopathy in Horses C.M. Westermann, R. van Leeuwen, L.W.D. van Raamsdonk, and H.G.J. Mol Background: Atypical myopathy (AM) in horses is caused by the plant toxin hypoglycin A, which in Europe typically is found in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus). Owners are concerned about whether their horses are in danger if they graze near maple trees. Hypothesis/Objectives: To measure hypoglycin A in the most common maple tree species in the Netherlands, and to determine whether concentration of toxin is a predictor of AM in horses. Methods: A total of 278 samples of maple tree leaves, sprouts, and seeds were classified by species. Mean concentrations of hypoglycin A were compared for the type of sample, the season and the occurrence of AM in the pasture (non-AM versus AM). Statistical analysis was performed using generalized a linear model (SPPS22). Results: Almost all Acer pseudoplatanus samples contained hypoglycin A, with concentrations differing significantly among sources (P < .001). Concentrations were significantly higher in seeds from the AM group than in seeds from the non- AM group (856 Æ 677 and 456 Æ 358 mg/kg, respectively; P = .039). In sprouts and leaves this was not the case. Acer pla- tanoides and Acer campestre samples did not contain detectable concentrations of hypoglycin A. Conclusions and clinical importance: Acer platanoides and campestre seem to be safe around paddocks and pastures, whereas almost all Acer pseudoplatanus samples contained hypoglycin A. -
Spatial Variability in the Level of Infestation of the Leaves of Horse
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 114: 42–52, 2017 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2017.007 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spatial variability in the level of infestation of the leaves of horse chestnut by the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and in the number of adult moths and parasitoids emerging from leaf litter in an urban environment MICHAL KOPAČKA 1, 2 and ROSTISLAV ZEMEK 2 1 University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 13, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Aesculus hippocastanum, leaf damage, population density, pest focus, parasitoids Abstract. The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was fi rst recorded in Europe near lake Ohrid in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 1985 since when it has spread throughout the whole of Europe. The reasons for its spread are well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the population density of the fi rst generation of C. ohridella at eight sites in the urban area of České Budějovice, Czech Republic in two consecutive years. The density was estimated visually in terms of the damage done to horse chestnut leaves by C. ohridella larvae at each site during the vegetative season. The results revealed high variability in the mean percentage of the leaf area damaged ranging from 1.43% to 31.00% and from 0.26% to 23.40% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. -
Plant Heath Care Recommendations for Norway Maple
Plant Heath Care Recommendations for Norway Maple Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is a medium to large size shade tree for many northern landscapes. Spring leaves range from green to dark red, most varieties changing to dark green in the summer then yellow in the fall. When summer color is desirable ‘Crimson King’ is a good selection for summer long maroon. Norway maple will grow to a height of 50 to 75 feet in the landscape and has a rounded crown typically 2/3 of the height wide, upright varieties such as ‘Columnare’ are available. The crown is very dense, producing deep shade beneath the tree. The ability to grow in tough urban sites makes Norway maple desirable in many areas. It can withstand a diversity of site conditions, including restricted rooting area such as between the street and sidewalk. A Norway maple grows in a large range of soil textures from sands to moderately compacted clays. Soil pH range is much greater than sugar maple tolerating both acidic and slightly alkaline conditions from pH of 4 to 7.5. Resistance to air pollution is very good, tolerating ozone and sulfur dioxide. Growth is fastest in full sun; however, the tree will tolerate shade when it is young. Norway maple grows in a broad range of geographic areas from northern Texas and Georgia north to Wisconsin and New Hampshire in climate zones 4 through 7. It usually tolerates cold quite well, however sudden drops in temperature will predispose to infection by canker fungi and can cause frost cracks. Drawbacks of Norway maple include limb breakage during storms and the combination of a very dense canopy and shallow root system. -
Town of Basalt Tree List Basalt Elevation 6624'
Town of Basalt Tree List Basalt Elevation 6624' Recommended Street Tree List Botanic Name Common Name Hardy Comments Height & Spread 1 Acer negundo ‘Sensation’ Sensation Box Elder 8,000' Red expanding leaves in spring, brilliant red in fall 30' x 25' 2 Acer platanoides 'Deborah' Deborah Norway Maple 6,500' Leaves emerging red & changing to dark bronze-green 50' x 50'' 3 Acer platanoides 'Emerald Queen' Emerald Queen Norway Maple 6,500' Bright yellow fall color 40' x 40' 4 Acer platanoides 'Royal Red' Royal Red Norway Maple 6,500' Leaves emerge red & maturing to deep maroon 40' x 30' 5 Fraxinus americana 'Autumn Purple' * Autumn Purple Ash 6,500' Emerald Ash Borer www.emeraldashborer.info/ 40' x 40' 6 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Cimarron' * Cimarron Ash 6,500' Emerald Ash Borer www.emeraldashborer.info/ 40' x 30' 7 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Marshall" * Marshall's Seedless Ash 8,500' Emerald Ash Borer www.emeraldashborer.info/ 50' x 40' 8 Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Patmore' * Patmore Ash 8,500' Emerald Ash Borer www.emeraldashborer.info/ 45' x 35' 9 Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Summit' * Summit Ash 8,500' Emerald Ash Borer www.emeraldashborer.info/ 45' x 25' 10 Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'Imperial' Imperial Honeylocust 6,500' Fall Color: soft yellow, seedless 30' x 40' 11 Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'Skyline' Skyline Honeylocust 6,500' Fall color: yellow 40' x 40' 12 Quercus buckleyi Texas Red Oak 6,500' Cold hardy, excellent red fall color 50' x 50'' 13 Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak 6,500' Fall color: russet to burgundy-red 50' x 40' 14 Quercus muehlenbergii Chinkapin Oak 6,500' Sharply toothed leave, yellow fall color 45' x 45' 15 Tilia cordata 'Littleleaf' Littleleaf Linden 6,000' Aromatic flowers & dangling, rounded fruits 30' x 30' 16 Tilia americana American Linden 6,000' Aromatic flowers & dangling, rounded fruits 40' x 30' 17 Ulmus americana 'Princeton' Princeton American Elm 6,500' Glossy green foliage. -
About Ecology of Acer Campestre L. (Aceraceae) on North-Eastern Limit of the Range
Environment and Ecology Research 2(1): 8-13, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/eer.2014.020102 About Ecology of Acer Campestre L. (Aceraceae) on North-Eastern Limit of the Range Yulia N. Utorova1, Anatoliy A. Khapugin1,2,*, Tatyana B. Silaeva1 1Biological Faculty, Mordovian State University, Saransk, 430005, Republic of Mordovia, Russian Federation 2Mordovian State Nature Reserve, Pushta, 431230, Republic of Mordovia, Temnikov district, Russian Federation *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract Composition of the flora that is accompanying south-west and west part of region and it is more rare to the to the Acer campestre in the north-eastern border of the range east [10,11]. In 2011, species has been removed from the has been investigated. Its analysis has been carried out main list of the regional Red Data Book [12]. Also Acer according to relation of plant species to the some campestre is rare in the Penza region. It is known in the environmental factors. Ecological groups have been western part of region (Vadinsk district, Bashmakovo district, specified in relation to the lighting / shading, in relation to Zemetchino district, Kamenka district, Pachelma district, water. Ecological-coenotical analysis has been carried out. Belinskiy district, Tamalino district). [13,14]. Field maple is Species of accompanying flora have been assigned to the included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia. life-form groups according to the Raunkiaer's life-form It has the category 3 (rare species) [15]. In the Republic of classification. It has been shown that Acer campestre Mordovia Acer campestre is known from Insar district, represented by undersized individuals on the north-eastern Kadoshkino district, Kovylkino district, Kochkurovo district, border of the range. -
166 Growth Increment of Juvenile Acer Platanoides L
Natural Resources and Volume 8, Issue 2, 2018 Sustainable Development DOI: 10.31924/nrsd.v8i2.017 GROWTH INCREMENT OF JUVENILE ACER PLATANOIDES L. AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AFTER APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS Kachova Vania* *Forest Research Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The effect of fertilization with organic fertilizers (Siapton and Biohumus) on the growth of Acer platanoides L. saplings was investigated. Four variants were used: Variant V1 - "Siapton" - 1 ml per sapling; variant V2 - "Siapton" 50 ml per sapling; Variant V3 - "Siapton" 50 ml per sapling + 0.5 mg "Kristalon" dissolved in 500 ml of water; Variant V4 - Siapton " 50 ml per sapling + 50% Biohumus and Control (K) - non-fertilized variant. The growth of saplings by root collar diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (BHD) and height (H) for two years after application of the fertilizers were measured. The best growth results have the saplings where the two organic fertilizers were applied - V4. The application of organic fertilization also improves the soil indicators - the total carbon content (Ct%) was increased, the proportion of "aggressive" fulvic acids was reduced and the ratio: carbon in humic acids / carbon in fulvic acids (Ch / Cf) were enhanced. This gives us reason to recommend organic fertilization in the cultivation of Acer platanoides L. saplings for the needs of forestry and urban planning. Key words: Norway maple, saplings, fertilization, humus composition INTRODUCTION Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) belongs to a family Sapindaceae Juss, genus Acer L., section Platanoidea. It is fast-growing species, one of the most valued representatives of the genus, with its application for furniture, veneer and musical instruments (Pandeva, 2007; Nowak, Rowntee, 1990). -
Dedham's Least Wanted!
DEDHAM’S LEAST WANTED! Norway Maple, Acer platanoides Origin: Norway maple was originally introduced into North America by botanist John Bartram of Philadelphia who received seedlings from Philip Miller of London in 1756. He sold two Norway maples to George Washington in 1792 for planting at Mt. Vernon and soon the tree became one of the most popular street trees. It tolerates poor soils and air pollution and was originally planted to replace Elms when Dutch elm disease decimated our street tree population. Identification / Habitat: The tree is usually forty to sixty feet tall but in some cases has been reported of growing up to one hundred feet tall. The canopy is rounded and can spread sixty to eighty feet wide. The leaves are oppositely arranged and have five lobes. The trunk has grayish brown bark with regular shallow groves. It can be readily distinguished from other maples because the leaves and twigs ooze milky sap when cut or torn. Norway maple is the most widespread maple in Europe where it occurs from southern Scandinavia to the Caucasus Mountains, Turkey, and northern Iran. Dispersal: Norway maple reproduces by seed, which it produces in copious amounts. The winged fruits (samaras) are distributed by the wind; the seeds germinate readily, even in dense shade, and grow quickly when young. Problems: Many of the features that made this a desirable tree to plant by roadsides are also why it has become invasive. Being hardier then many native tree species has allowed it to outcompete and thrive. The ability of this species to grow in deep shade makes it particularly threatening to native forest habitats.