Tree Canopy Coverage List Snohomish County Planning and Development Services
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The Invasive Alien Leaf Miner Cameraria Ohridella and the Native Tree Acer Pseudoplatanus: a Fatal Attraction?
1 The invasive alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the native tree Acer pseudoplatanus: a fatal attraction? Christelle Per´ e†,´ Sylvie Augustin∗, Ted C. J. Turlings† and Marc Kenis CABI Europe-Switzerland, 2800 Del´emont, Switzerland, ∗INRA, UR 633 Zoologie Foresti`ere, 45000 Orl´eans, France and †Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchˆatel, 2009 Neuchˆatel, Switzerland Abstract 1 The horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella is an invasive moth in Europe and a serious pest of horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum. The moth also occasionally attacks sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus, when situated beside infested horse-chestnuts. 2 The main objective of the present study was to provide an overview of the relationship between C. ohridella and A. pseudoplatanus and to determine whether C. ohridella has the potential to shift to this native tree. 3 In the field, females oviposit on different deciduous tree species. Although less frequently attacked than A. hippocastanum, A. pseudoplatanus was clearly preferred for oviposition over 12 other woody species investigated. 4 Surveys in Europe demonstrated that the majority of A. pseudoplatanus trees found beside infested A. hippocastanum had mines of C. ohridella, even though more than 70% of the larvae died within the first two instars. Attack rates and development success greatly varied from site to site. Attack levels on A. pseudoplatanus were not always correlated with those on A. hippocastanum, and mines on A. pseudoplatanus were sometimes observed beside weakly-infested A. hippocastanum. 5 Field observations, experimental exposure of A. pseudoplatanus saplings and rearing trials in a common garden study showed that individual trees may vary in their susceptibility to C. -
Acer Platanoides -Norway Maple (Aceraceae)
Acer platanoides -Norway Maple (Aceraceae) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Acer platanoides is a stress tolerant tree widely planted -bark lightly fissured in youth, becoming shallowly along streets and residential landscapes. It casts a dense interlaced with ridges with age, but not deeply fissured shade and is available in purple-foliaged or uniquely nor platy as is typical of other large Maples with age shaped forms. USAGE FEATURES Function Form -shade tree for the green-foliaged forms; focal point or -large shade tree specimen tree if it is purple-foliaged or variegated -maturing to 50' tall x 50' wide Texture -upright oval growth habit in -medium-bold texture in foliage and when bare youth, becoming rounded and -thick density in foliage and average density when bare spreading with age Assets -medium growth rate -dense summer shade Culture -purple-foliaged and variegated cultivars -full sun to partial sun (partial -most urban tolerant of the shade Maples for the shade tolerant in youth) Eastern and Midwestern U.S. -prefers cool, moist summers in -fairly symmetrical branching deep, well-drained, moist soils; but tolerates urban Liabilities stress conditions -shallow root system surfaces with age -susceptible to several diseases (including Verticillium -prone to frost cracks on south-facing bark in winter wilt and anthracnose) and pests, but especially prone to -does not perform well under humid conditions of the frost cracks (bark splitting and sap oozing on the south Southern U.S. side -
The Effect of Different Stratification Methods on the Germination of Acer Platanoides and Acer Campestre Seeds
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series II: Forestry • Wood Industry • Agricultural Food Engineering • Vol. 4 (53) No. 1 - 2011 THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STRATIFICATION METHODS ON THE GERMINATION OF ACER PLATANOIDES AND ACER CAMPESTRE SEEDS C. DRĂGHICI1 I.V. ABRUDAN1 Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the germination response in six origins of Acer platanoides and Acer campestre seeds. Seeds of both species were exposed to four methods of stratification: cold (3 °C) and warm (20 °C), with and without sand-peat medium. The highest percentage of germination (54.75%) was obtained, for Acer platanoides, when the treatment was conducted at 3 °C. The initiation of germination with a low percentage of germinated seeds (12.75% to 22.25%) determined the initiation of secondary dormancy for the majority of A. platanoides seeds. In the case of the A. campestre seeds, the pretreatment phase in cold environment (19weeks) proved to be too short for these origins. Key words: Acer platanoides, Acer campestre, dormancy. 1. Introduction generally cool and moist conditions (sand, peat etc.) for a period of time is called An important characteristic of temperate stratification. tree species is seed dormancy. Whilst most Cold treatment is efficient in removing Acer species - including A. campestre, A. many types of seed dormancy. The monspessulanum, A. platanoides, A. embryonic dormant state which is present pseudoplatanus, A. glabrum - exhibit in seeds of Acer platanoides, can be dormancy [8], [9], [11-13], some other removed after seed storage at high species, like A. rubrum and A. -
Acer Platanoides in Europe: Distribution, Habitat, Usage and Threats
Acer platanoides Acer platanoides in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats G. Caudullo, D. de Rigo Acer platanoides L., commonly known as Norway maple, is a large tree that is widespread in central Europe and reaching eastwards the Ural Mountains. It is a fast-growing species, able to grow in a wide range of soils and habitat conditions. In natural stands it occurs in fresh and humid sites in temperate mixed forests, both with conifers and broadleaves. It is a secondary species, growing in small groups or individually. It has been planted intensively as an ornamental and shade tree, appreciated for its colourful foliage and large, spreading crown, in combination with its tolerance of urban conditions. Its wood is also valued for its attractive flaming figures and is used for music instruments, furniture, marquetry and turned objects. This maple is generally free of serious diseases, except in urban areas, where it is more vulnerable to pathogens. In North America it has been widely planted and is now naturalised, becoming an invasive species. The Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is a large and tall- domed tree, sometimes very broad, growing to 25-30 m tall and Frequency 60-80 cm in diameter, although exceptionally over 150 cm. The < 25% 25% - 50% stem is straight, short with perpendicular shoots and the crown 50% - 75% is dense with foliage. The leaves are opposite, simple, 10-15 cm > 75% Chorology long, very variable in dimension depending on the age and the Native vigour of the tree. They have five lobes with long and acuminate Introduced teeth and smooth margins. -
2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 Feng Shu Trees Or Shrubs
Fl. China 11: 516–553. 2008. 2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 feng shu Trees or shrubs. Leaves mostly simple and palmately lobed or at least palmately veined, in a few species pinnately veined and entire or toothed, or pinnately or palmately 3–5-foliolate. Inflorescence corymbiform or umbelliform, sometimes racemose or large paniculate. Sepals (4 or)5, rarely 6. Petals (4 or)5, rarely 6, seldom absent. Stamens (4 or 5 or)8(or 10 or 12); filaments distinct. Carpels 2; ovules (1 or)2 per locule. Fruit a winged schizocarp, commonly a double samara, usually 1-seeded; embryo oily or starchy, radicle elongate, cotyledons 2, green, flat or plicate; endosperm absent. 2n = 26. About 129 species: widespread in both temperate and tropical regions of N Africa, Asia, Europe, and Central and North America; 99 species (61 endemic, three introduced) in China. Acer lanceolatum Molliard (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 134. 1903), described from Guangxi, is an uncertain species and is therefore not accepted here. The type specimen, in Berlin (B), has been destroyed. Up to now, no additional specimens have been found that could help clarify the application of this name. Worldwide, Japanese maples are famous for their autumn color, and there are over 400 cultivars. Also, many Chinese maple trees have beautiful autumn colors and have been cultivated widely in Chinese gardens, such as Acer buergerianum, A. davidii, A. duplicatoserratum, A. griseum, A. pictum, A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, A. triflorum, A. truncatum, and A. wilsonii. In winter, the snake-bark maples (A. davidii and its relatives) and paper-bark maple (A. -
Acer Buergerianum Plants, Adequately Moist in Summer but Well Drained in Winter Is "Trident Maple" a Pretty Small Tree Whose Grace Is Enhanced by the Key to Success
Acer buergerianum plants, adequately moist in summer but well drained in winter is "Trident Maple" A pretty small tree whose grace is enhanced by the key to success. 3m. the small three-lobed leaves. Particularly good autumn colour begins scarlet turning orange-yellow. A good hardy Maple Acer x conspicuum 'Silver Cardinal' tolerant of many less favoured sites. 4m. This Snakebark has the most incredible pink and cream variegated foliage, highlighted by the red petioles and young stems. It Acer circinatum 'Monroe' occurred as a chance seedling of A. pensylvanicum and received A plant I've lusted after for years! Shrubby habit, with deeply an Award of Merit in 1985. Our stock is directly derived from incised light green leaves (even more so than A. japonicum the original seedling in the Windsor Great Park. Unless your soil 'Aconitifolium'). Predominantly yellow autumn colours may is very good, it is safest in dappled shade. 3m. develop some orange. Worthy of a special site. 3m. Acer x conspicuum 'Silver Vein' Acer circinatum 'Pacific Fire' A hybrid between A. davidii George Forrest and A. Imagine the coral bark colour of Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' pensylvanicum Erythrocladum found at Hilliers about 1960. It is combined with the larger leaves and more tolerant growth arguably the best of the basic snakebarks for garden suitability requirements of this species, and the result is a plant with and good colour with its rich purple and white striped winter awesome potential. Fantastic autumn colour too. bark, becoming green with maturity. 5m. Acer circinatum 'Sunglow' Acer davidii This has been on my "wanted" list ever since I first saw it Delightful small tree noted for dazzling autumn colour and photographed! Apricot coloured young growth matures to attractive white striped purple bark in winter. -
(Acer Truncatum), Mound Layering Shantung and Caddo Sugar Maples
ROOTING STEM CUTTINGS OF SHANTUNG MAPLE (ACER TRUNCATUM), MOUND LAYERING SHANTUNG AND CADDO SUGAR MAPLES (ACER SACCHARUM), AND USING EASTERN REDCEDAR (JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA) AS A SUBSTRATE COMPONENT IN STEM CUTTING PROPAGATION by JUSTIN ALAN BROCK B.S., Kansas State University, 2013 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources College of Agriculture KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2014 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Jason J. Griffin Copyright JUSTIN ALAN BROCK 2014 Abstract Heat and drought tolerance make shantung maple (Acer truncatum) and caddo sugar maple (A. saccharum) good candidates for midwestern landscapes. Improving cutting propagation or mound layering techniques could increase the availability of these species. The influence of time of year, cutting position, and auxin concentration, formulation, and solvent on rooting of stem cuttings of shantung maple was investigated. Semi-hardwood cuttings rooted best (55%). Generally, rooting percentage decreased as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration increased. Cutting position, auxin formulation, and solvent did not affect rooting. Mean root number and mean root length were unaffected by treatments. Results suggest semi-hardwood cuttings and low IBA concentrations [< 2500 ppm (0.25%)] promote rooting. Auxin concentration influenced rooting of caddo and shantung maple mound layered shoots. Rooting peaked at 15,000 ppm (1.5%) IBA for both caddo (71%) and shantung maples (34%). Mean root number for caddo, but not shantung, increased as IBA concentration increased. Differences in mean root length were not significant. Growers may now propagate caddo maple by mound layering. For shantung maple propagation, stem cuttings are recommended. -
The Red List of Revised and Extended
AcerThe Red List of revised and extended Dan Crowley, Megan Barstow, Malin Rivers & Yvette Harvey-Brown BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is the world’s largest plant conservation network, comprising more than 500 botanic gardens in over 100 countries, and provides the secretariat to the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. BGCI was established in 1987 and is a registered charity with offices in the UK, US, China and Kenya. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2020 Botanic Gardens Conservation International THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) ISBN-10: 1-905164-74-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-74-5 forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats. Reproduction of any part of the publication for SSC is the largest of the six Commissions of IUCN – The International educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from Union for Conservation of Nature. It serves as the main source of advice the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully to the Union and its members on the technical aspects of species acknowledged. conservation. The aims of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes are to promote and implement global red listing for trees and to act in is prohibited without prior written permission from the an advisory capacity to the Global Trees Campaign. copyright holder. Recommended citation: Crowley, D., Barstow, M., Rivers, M. -
Acer Truncatum
Scientific Name: Acer truncatum Common Name: Shantung Maple or Painted Maple Environmental Conditions: Hardiness Zone: 5a (species is variable, hybrid cultivars zone 5) Soil Moisture: occasionally consistently occasional prolonged saturated or moist, well periods of periods of very wet soil drained soil dry soil dry soil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sun/Shade: full sun Salt: unknown pH: < 8.2 Insect/Disease Factors: none serious or limiting, good resistance to leaf scorch Growth Characteristics: Height: 25’-35’ Width: 25’ Form/Habit: round (species variable), low branching tendency often creates short trunk Rate: slow Ornamental Characteristics: Flower: greenish-yellow, spring, can be showy Fruit: 1 ¼” samara Seasonal Foliage Color: emerging leaf color purplish-red changing to green, fall color variable (yellow/orange/red) Bark: not ornamentally important, gray-brown, rough and fissured with age Transplant Issues: easy to transplant B&B or < 2” caliper bare root Management Issues: currently available plant material typically branches low, may require pruning for street tree use Suggested Uses: wide street tree lawns/pits, narrow tree lawns/pits with pruning, parks, suitable for CU-Structural Soil™ Cultivars: hybrids with A. platanoides - Norwegian Sunset™ (‘Keithsform’, upright oval, good uniform branch structure, glossy dark green foliage, yellow-orange to red fall color, more heat and drought tolerant than A. platanoides) and Pacific Sunset™ (‘Warrenred’, rounded, upright spreading, very glossy dark green foliage, finer branched, brighter yellow-orange to red fall color, turns fall color earlier than Norwegian Sunset™) 'Norwegian Sunset' . -
Appendix G – Right-Of-Way Street Tree List
AS ADOPTED BY THE PARKS, RECREATION AND CULTURAL SERVICES BOARD ON DECEMBER 6, 2018 APPENDIX G – RIGHT-OF-WAY STREET TREE LIST APPENDIX G – RIGHT-OF-WAY STREET TREE LIST 1 Large Columnar Trees Scientific & Common Mature Spread Under Min Strip Flower Fall Comments Name Height (ft) Wires/View Width (ft) Color Color (ft) Covenants Acer nigrum ‘Green 50 10 No 6 N/A Good close to Column’ buildings Green Column Black Sugar Maple Ginko biloba ‘Princeton 40 15 No 6 N/A Very narrow growth. Sentry’ Princeton Sentry Ginkgo Nyssa sylvatica 60 20 No 6 N/A Handsome chunky Tupelo bark – Great Plant Pick Quercus ‘Crimschmidt’ 45 15 No 6 N/A Hard to find in the Crimson Spire Oak nursery trade Quercus frainetto 50 30 No 6 N/A Drought resistant – Italian Oak beautiful green, glossy leaves in summer. Great Plant Pick Quercus robur 40 15 No 6 N/A Columnar variety of ‘fastigiata’ oak Skyrocket Oak Taxodium distichum 55 20 No 6 N/A Deciduous conifer - 'Mickelson' Shawnee tolerates city Brave Bald Cypress conditions Large Trees Scientific & Common Mature Spread Under Min Flower Fall Comments Name Height (ft) Wires/View Strip Color Color (ft) Covenants Width (ft) Acer saccharum Fastest growing sugar ‘Bonfire’ 50 40 No 6 N/A maple Bonfire Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Resistant to leaf tatter. 'Commemoration' Great Plant Pick 50 35 No 6 N/A Commemoration Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 'Green Reliable fall color. Mountain' Green 45 35 No 6 N/A Great Plant Pick Mountain Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Limited use - where 'Legacy' sugar maple is desired 50 35 No 5 N/A Legacy Sugar Maple in limited planting strip area. -
Download PCN-Acer-2017-Holdings.Pdf
PLANT COLLECTIONS NETWORK MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL ACER LIST 02/13/18 Institutional NameAccession no.Provenance* Quan Collection Id Loc.** Vouchered Plant Source Acer acuminatum Wall. ex D. Don MORRIS Acer acuminatum 1994-009 W 2 H&M 1822 1 No Quarryhill BG, Glen Ellen, CA QUARRYHILL Acer acuminatum 1993.039 W 4 H&M1822 1 Yes Acer acuminatum 1993.039 W 1 H&M1822 1 Yes Acer acuminatum 1993.039 W 1 H&M1822 1 Yes Acer acuminatum 1993.039 W 1 H&M1822 1 Yes Acer acuminatum 1993.076 W 2 H&M1858 1 No Acer acuminatum 1993.076 W 1 H&M1858 1 No Acer acuminatum 1993.139 W 1 H&M1921 1 No Acer acuminatum 1993.139 W 1 H&M1921 1 No UBCBG Acer acuminatum 1994-0490 W 1 HM.1858 0 Unk Sichuan Exp., Kew BG, Howick Arb., Quarry Hill ... Acer acuminatum 1994-0490 W 1 HM.1858 0 Unk Sichuan Exp., Kew BG, Howick Arb., Quarry Hill ... Acer acuminatum 1994-0490 W 1 HM.1858 0 Unk Sichuan Exp., Kew BG, Howick Arb., Quarry Hill ... UWBG Acer acuminatum 180-59 G 1 1 Yes National BG, Glasnevin Total of taxon 18 Acer albopurpurascens Hayata IUCN Red List Status: DD ATLANTA Acer albopurpurascens 20164176 G 1 2 No Crug Farm Nursery QUARRYHILL Acer albopurpurascens 2003.088 U 1 1 No Total of taxon 2 Acer amplum (Gee selection) DAWES Acer amplum (Gee selection) D2014-0117 G 1 1 No Gee Farms, Stockbridge, MI 49285 Total of taxon 1 Acer amplum 'Gold Coin' DAWES Acer amplum 'Gold Coin' D2015-0013 G 1 2 No Gee Farms, Stockbridge, MI 49285, USA Acer amplum 'Gold Coin' D2017-0075 G 2 2 No Shinn, Edward T., Wall Township, NJ 07719-9128 Total of taxon 3 Acer argutum Maxim. -
Spatial Variability in the Level of Infestation of the Leaves of Horse
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 114: 42–52, 2017 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2017.007 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spatial variability in the level of infestation of the leaves of horse chestnut by the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and in the number of adult moths and parasitoids emerging from leaf litter in an urban environment MICHAL KOPAČKA 1, 2 and ROSTISLAV ZEMEK 2 1 University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 13, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Aesculus hippocastanum, leaf damage, population density, pest focus, parasitoids Abstract. The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was fi rst recorded in Europe near lake Ohrid in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 1985 since when it has spread throughout the whole of Europe. The reasons for its spread are well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the population density of the fi rst generation of C. ohridella at eight sites in the urban area of České Budějovice, Czech Republic in two consecutive years. The density was estimated visually in terms of the damage done to horse chestnut leaves by C. ohridella larvae at each site during the vegetative season. The results revealed high variability in the mean percentage of the leaf area damaged ranging from 1.43% to 31.00% and from 0.26% to 23.40% in 2012 and 2013, respectively.