DOCSLIB.ORG

Valley Oak (Quercus Lobata) Distribution Map for Valley Oak

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Valley Oak (Quercus Lobata) Distribution Map for Valley Oak Valley Oak (Quercus lobata) Distribution map for Valley Oak: • Endemic to valley habitats of California (in fertile lowlands in deep rich soils between the Sierra Nevada and the coast) • May be the largest N. American oak • Can live to 400-600 years • Massive trunks (over 2 meters in diameter) One meter diameter trees may be “only” 150-250 years old • Can grow to 30 meters tall • Grows very rapidly in mesic sites where roots can * 501 Oak Ave Quercus lobata DBH = 6’5”! On the City of Davis Landmark Trees List According to the City of Davis Master Tree List: valley oaks make good street and parking lot trees and have a moderate growth rate. Landmark Trees may be so designated because they are unique in being: • An outstanding specimen of a desirable species • One of the largest or oldest trees in Davis • Of historical interest • Of distinctive form Using the Trunk Formula Method of Tree Appraisal by the CTLA (Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers), and species ratings by Regional Groups The Appraised Value for the Valley Oak at: 501 Oak Ave Davis, Ca = $97,400 (from a whopping $193,300 prior to personal speculation on tree location, placement and health!). *According to the “Street Tree Planting Guide” provided by the City of Sacramento Urban Forest Services Division (of the City of Sacramento Department of Parks and Recreation): • Valley Oaks average 50-70’ height and canopy spread • Are rounded in shape • Deciduous • Drought tolerant •Are ‘fair’ in terms of root suitability to confined spaces •Are poorly suited to canopies in confined spaces or in conflict withoverhead wires • Are the largest valley native. • And, should not be planted in turf areas. According to USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) Plants Database: http://plants.usda.gov/ Classification: Quercus lobata Née (also called California White Oak) KingdomPlantae ‒Plants SubkingdomTracheobionta ‒ Vascular plants SuperdivisionSpermatophyta ‒ Seed plants DivisionMagnoliophyta ‒ Flowering plants ClassMagnoliopsida ‒ Dicotyledons SubclassHamamelididae OrderFagales FamilyFagaceae ‒ Beech family GenusQuercus L.‒oak SpeciesQuercus lobata Née ‒ valley oak Related Taxa: 6 genera in Fagaceae, 206 species in Quercus Morphology/Physiology: Reproduction: Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer Bloom Period: Early Spring Growth Form: Single Crown (flowers monoecious, wind-pollinated Shape and Orientation: Rounded Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer Habit: deciduous tree Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall Growth Rate: Rapid (Seed ripens in the first year, good crops every 2-3 yrs.) Height at 20 Years, Maximum (feet): 35 Height, Mature (feet): 100.00 Resprout Ability: Yes Growth Requirements: Suitability/Use: Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes Berry/Nut/Seed Product: No Adapted to Fine Textured Soils: No Christmas Tree Product: No Adapted to Medium Textured Soils: Yes Fodder Product: No (Prefers medium loamy and heavy clay) Fuelwood Product: High Anaerobic Tolerance: None Lumber Product: No Drought Tolerance: Medium Naval Store Product: No Fertility Requirement: Medium Nursery Stock Product: Yes Fire Tolerance: Low Palatable Browse Animal: Low Frost Free Days, Minimum: 200 Palatable Graze Animal Palatable Human: No Moisture Use: Medium Post Product: No pH: 4.50 ‒ 7.50 (most any pH) Protein Potential: Low Precipitation, Minimum: 16 Pulpwood Product: No Precipitation, Maximum: 40 Veneer Product: No Root Depth, Minimum (inches): 42 (Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees. Trees should not be left in a nursery bed for more than 2 growing seasons without being moved or they will transplant very badly.) Salinity Tolerance: None Wind Tolerance: High Shade Tolerance: Intolerant Temperature, Minimum (°F): 7 (hardy to zone 7) Hookers Valley Oak *FORMORLLY A DOMINANT SPECIES IN THE CENTRAL VALLEY: • Used to occur in extensive park-like groves • OAK APPLES caused by CYNIPID WASP (Andricus • Common riparian species californicus) • Extensive forests largely eliminated during agricultural •Galls are formed when adult wasps deposit development their eggs into plant tissue in the summer • Habitat destruction is the primary problem • Larval secretions cause the galls to form as • The favorite oak species for larvae feed within. ecological restoration • Form ectomycorrhizal •When mature, the wasp chews a hole in the relationships gall and flies off (usually in late spring) • Acorns provide food for many small animals and are adapted to survival in our harsh summer drought climate .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Mortality of Valley Oak (Quercus Lobata, Nee) in the Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County, 1938-19891
    Historical Mortality of Valley Oak (Quercus lobata, Nee) in the Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County, 1938-19891 Rodney W. Brown Frank W. Davis2 Abstract: The range and abundance of valley oak (Quercus thus represents, at least for the present, a thinning process lobata, Née) have steadily decreased in the last 100 years due to ultimately resulting in a treeless grassland. low rates of regeneration during this period. Documented low Scheidlinger and Zedler (1980) used aerial coverage from rates of sapling recruitment must be compared to adult mortality 1928 and 1970 to measure change in canopy cover of coast live rates in order to evaluate the severity of this decline. The purpose oak stands in southern San Diego County. We have analyzed of this research is to measure and analyze the mortality rate of historical aerial photography to measure the mortality rates of established valley oaks in different habitat types over the past 51 valley oaks in different habitat types over the past 51 years and years. Valley oak stands of the Santa Ynez Valley in Santa to investigate how mortality varies among sites, habitats, and Barbara County were mapped and stratified into three major time periods. habitat types: valley floor alluvium, lower hillslopes and swales, and rolling uplands. Mortality rates of canopy individuals in each habitat type were determined for a sample of 600 valley oaks censused in 1938 aerial photography and re-censused in 1954,1967,1978, and 1989.125 of 600 (20.8 percent) sampled METHODS individuals disappeared during the 51 year period. No new individuals were recruited into the canopy layer during this time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oak Woodland Bird Conservation Plan: a Strategy for Protecting and Managing Oak Woodland Habitats and Associated Birds in California1
    The Oak Woodland Bird Conservation Plan: A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Oak Woodland Habitats and Associated Birds in California1 Steve Zack,2 Mary K. Chase,3 Geoffrey R. Geupel,3 and Diana Stralberg3 ________________________________________ Introduction Over 330 species of birds, mammals, reptiles, and protected status. Lack of recruitment of young oaks amphibians depend on oak woodlands in California combined with the SOD epidemic affect seven of the (fig. 1) at some stage in their life cycle (Barrett 1980; ten acorn-bearing species of oak trees in California Verner 1980; Block and Morrison 1998). These wood- (table 1). The combined effect of these two problems lands are able to sustain such abundant wildlife pri- on native wildlife populations is inestimable. marily because they produce acorns, a high quality and frequently copious food supply. The birds of Cali- The Oak Woodland Bird Conservation Plan (BCP) fornia’s oak woodlands are connected to this distinctive (Zack et al., 2002; see also http://www.prbo.org/calpif habitat mainly through acorns, the fruits of oaks that /plans.html and printed copies (albeit without species’ are eaten and stored by dozens of species. This ecologi- accounts) are available from PRBO) has been devel- cal relationship is also reciprocal: species like Western oped by California Partners in Flight to guide conser- Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica), Steller’s Jays vation policy and action on behalf of oak woodland (Cyanocita stelleri), and Yellow-billed Magpies (Pica habitats and wildlife, with the goal of supporting the nuttalli) do not completely retrieve cached acorns and long-term viability and recovery of both native bird thus act as dispersers of oak seedlings across the land- populations and other native species.
    [Show full text]
  • Quercus Lobata Née) at Two California Sites1
    Establishing a Range-Wide Provenance Test in Valley Oak (Quercus lobata Née) at 1 Two California Sites 2 3 4 Annette Delfino Mix, Jessica W. Wright, Paul F. Gugger, 5 6 Christina Liang, and Victoria L. Sork Abstract We present the methods used to establish a provenance test in valley oak, Quercus lobata. Nearly 11,000 acorns were planted and 88 percent of those germinated. The resulting seedlings were measured after 1 and 2 years of growth, and were outplanted in the field in the winter of 2014-2015. This test represents a long-term resource for both research and conservation. Key words: Provenance tests, Quercus lobata, valley oak Introduction We set out to establish a long-term provenance test of valley oak (Quercus lobata) collected from across the species range. Provenance tests are designed to compare survival and growth (plus other morphological and phenological traits) among trees sampled from different parts of the species range (Mátyás 1996). By having different sources grown in a common environment, we are able to look at how different sources perform in a novel climate, and how they might respond to climate change (Aitken and others 2008). This study has a multitude of goals, from very practical management questions on how to source seeds for ecological restoration projects involving oaks, to very detailed ecological genomic studies. Our collecting and plant propagating methods were developed with a standard quantitative genetic analysis in mind (with plans for genomic analyses as well in the future). Here we outline the methods used to establish a provenance test of Quercus lobata trees in California, and we present some very early results from the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Arboreal Seed Removal and Insect Damage in Three California Oaks1
    Arboreal Seed Removal and Insect Damage 1 in Three California Oaks Walter D. Koenig,2 Johannes M. H. Knops,3 and William J. Carmen4 Abstract We investigated arboreal removal and insect damage to acorns in an undisturbed oak woodland in central coastal California. Arboreal seed removal was determined for four to eight individual Quercus lobata trees over a period of 14 years by comparing visual estimates of the acorn crop with the number of acorns caught in seed traps. Insect damage was assessed by sampling acorns from trees of all three species of oaks common in the study site (Quercus lobata, Q. douglasii, and Q. agrifolia). Patterns were generally similar for both sets of data: more acorns, but a smaller proportion of the crop, were removed or damaged as the productivity of an individual tree increased. However, we found no evidence that trees outproducing local conspecifics attracted a disproportionate number of arboreal seed or insect predators. Acorn removal was not significantly correlated with population sizes of either California scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) or acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), two common arboreal seed removers that are also potentially important dispersal agents. These patterns are partially in accord with predator satiation, but not the attraction of seed dispersers, being an important factor potentially influencing the reproductive strategies of oaks in central coastal California. Introduction Patterns of seed production, including reproductive synchrony on a geographically large scale or
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks
    Article An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity Paul S. Manos 1,* and Andrew L. Hipp 2 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, 330 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2 The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, 4100 Illinois 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the Citation: Manos, P.S.; Hipp, A.L. An Quercus Updated Infrageneric Classification white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus . We also distill emerging evolutionary and of the North American Oaks (Quercus biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple Subgenus Quercus): Review of the species complexes and instances of hybridization.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Uses, Management, and Restoration of Oaks of the Far Western United States
    United States Technical Note No. 2 Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service National Plant Data Center Indigenous Uses, Management, September 2007 and Restoration of Oaks of the Far Western United States Issued September 2007 Cover photo: Shelled acorns from the California black oak (Quercus kel­ loggii) (Courtesy of Kat Anderson, NRCS) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, re­ prisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should con­ tact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250–9410, or call (800) 795–3272 (voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Acknowledgments This publication was authored by M. Kat Anderson, ethnoecologist, National Plant Center, Davis, California, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and reviewed by Scott Peterson, director, National Plant Data Center, NRCS; Michael Johnson, anthropologist, NRCS; Reina Rogers, American Indian liaison, NRCS; Pat Shaver, rangeland management specialist, NRCS; Pedro Tor­ res, tribal liaison, NRCS; and Sarah Bridges, national cultural resources specialist, NRCS.
    [Show full text]
  • G U I D E T O S a C R a M E N
    GUIDE TO SACRAMENTO Mighty Oaks Sacramento’s native oak trees are the true monarchs of the forest. With a life span of up to 400 years, they can reach 00 feet tall and have a canopy 00 feet wide. The branches and leaves are often ornamented with interesting galls. Their picturesque trunks and gnarled branches inspire awe and imagination. These majestic oak trees are important islands of life for thousands of insects, birds, and animals. Acorns provide nourishment for all types of wildlife – and even some hard working humans. This is Sacramento County’s natural heritage– the native oak! Identifying Native Oaks There are 0 species of oak trees native to California with three native oak species dominating Sacramento County landscapes – the valley oak, interior live oak, and blue oak. OAK SPECIES Valley oak (Quercus lobata) is the monarch of all California oaks because of its great size and beauty. The valley oak may be the largest oak tree in North America, reaching 00 feet tall and equally as wide. Mature trees typically live 50-50 years and support a rounded crown with drooping branches sometimes touching the ground. In areas where they grow more slowly, they may live up to 400 years or more. Valley oaks grow best in valley areas near perennial creeks and rivers. Here their deep roots thrive in rich alluvial soils and have permanent access to ground water. These areas are also prime farmland and were consequently cleared of the extensive oak woodlands and riparian forest that dominated California’s central valley prior to the 0th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Jackson Hong Environmental Science Major, University of California at Berkeley
    The Effects of Caging Quercus agrifolia and Quercus lobata seedlings in Arastradero Preserve, Palo Alto, California Jackson Hong Environmental Science Major, University of California at Berkeley Abstract Oak woodlands, which are known to have the richest wildlife species abundance of any habitat in California, have been disappearing lately. Therefore, restoration of oak woodlands has been of concern. However, restoration of oak woodlands has been difficult because of numerous factors affecting the survival and growth of oak tree seedlings, including deer browsing. Researchers have tried to prevent young oak seedlings from being browsed by deer by using protection. This project examined two methods of protection, tubing and caging. Coast live oak trees and valleys oak trees from the Arastradero Preserve in Palo Alto, California were studied. The two goals of this experiment is to see if coast live oak trees and valley oak trees grow faster when protection is placed over them and if they have a higher survival rate when protection is used. The trees were studied in seven different sites: the Corte Madera Site, the Lake Arastradero site, the barn site, the house site, the west cottage site, the east cottage site, and the acorn trail site. Some of the trees were caged or tubed and some were not. Measurements were taken of each tree for height and diameter. Single way ANOVA was be used to find the correlation between growth and several categories, including species, site, competition, shade, protection, and types of protection. A difference in growth and survival rates between protected trees and unprotected trees was found.
    [Show full text]
  • DOWNLOAD a .Pdf of All the Oak Grove Exhibit Signs
    TESToak YOUR wisdom Welcome to Lift the flaps to check your answers. Shields Oak Grove What do all oaks How many kinds of Where do oaks have in common? oaks are there? grow in the wild? Special Collections, Shields Library Shields Oak Grove is named for Judge Peter J. Shields, often called the father of the UC Davis campus. Judge Shields and his wife Carolee created a fund to provide support for the Arboretum’s land along the waterway. How tall do How long do What are oak oaks get? oaks live? apples? Debbie Aldridge Dr. John M. Tucker was a professor of botany, director of the Arboretum (1965-66 and 1972-84), and a prominent oak researcher. Many of the oaks in Shields Oak Grove were started in the 1960s from acorns collected from around the world for his research. Explore Shields Oak Grove to learn more about these amazing trees. Dr. Tucker created an endowment to help preserve the Grove for future generations. Contact the UC Davis Arboretum to learn J more about supporting Shields Peter . Shields Oak Grove Oak Grove and other giving arboretum.ucdavis.edu opportunities. Sign made possible by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services TESToak YOUR wisdom Welcome to Lift the flaps to check your answers. Shields Oak Grove • Oaks are trees and shrubs that belong to the genus T r opic of Cancer Quercus, meaning “fine tree” Equator T r opic of Capricorn Allan Jones • Oaks have acorns—nuts that grow in a scaly cup Debbie Aldridge • There are approximately 500 species of oak Quercus trees and shrubs in the world • Oaks have tassel-like hanging Oaks are native to the Northern Hemisphere, from flowers; their pollen is • The UC Davis Arboretum collection includes the cold northern latitudes to tropical Southeast Asia Special Collections, Shields Library distributed by the wind about 100 species, varieties, and hybrids and Central America.
    [Show full text]
  • Valley Oak (Quercus Lobata)
    California Phenology Project: species profile for Valley Oak (Quercus lobata) CPP site(s) where this species is monitored: Santa Monica Mountains Naonal Recreaon Area What does this species look like? This deciduous tree can be over 30 meters tall. The light grey bark has a texture reminiscent of alligator hide. When trees are very old, the branches may droop. The deeply lobed leaves are rounded and 5-12 cen+meters long. The shiny leaves are dark green on the upper surface and pale green with a soO fuzzy covering on the lower surface. The individuals are monoecious; each tree bears both male and female flowers but the male flowers produce only anthers and the female flowers produce only pisls. Photo credit: Adam Dale (Flickr) When monitoring this species, use the USA-NPN deciduous trees and shrubs (with pollen) datasheet. Species facts! • The CPP four leSer code for this species is QULO. • Nave Americans ground the acorns for mush, soup and bread. • Acorns generally fall in October and are eaten by mammals, birds, and beetles. • Valley oaks can have large galls on their twigs and leaves made by small wasps. • They tolerate wildfire and hybridize oOen with other oak species. • Requires access to groundwater to survive. Photo credit: KP Botany (Wikipedia) Where is this species found? • Quercus lobata is found on slopes and in valleys • Found at elevaons less than 1700 meters. • Endemic to California; distributed from Shasta County south through the Central Valley and lower-elevaon foothills and valleys of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges to Los Angeles County.
    [Show full text]
  • Oaks for the Adelaide Plains: Successful Species in the Waite Arboretum
    Treenet Proceedings of the 4 th National Street Tree Symposium: 4 th and 5 th September 2003 ISBN 0-9775084-3-9 Treenet Inc OAKS FOR THE ADELAIDE PLAINS: SUCCESSFUL SPECIES IN THE WAITE ARBORETUM Jennifer Gardner , Waite Arboretum, University of Adelaide, South Australia Abstract The University of Adelaide’s Waite Arboretum is a valuable experimental collection. Species of oaks performing well there under natural rainfall of 625 mm are reported. Most successful are the species from the Mediterranean region, California and Mexico. Many of these oaks have potential for street or amenity planting. Introduction Oaks belong to Quercus, one of eight genera in the family Fagaceae that occurs primarily in temperate Northern Hemisphere. The family also includes sweet chestnuts Castanea (8 spp.), Trigonobalanus (3 spp.), beeches Fagus (10 spp.), Chrysolepis (2 spp.) and two tropical genera Castanopsis (134 spp.) and Lithocarpus (325 spp.) (Govaerts & Frodin, 1998). In Australia the family is represented by the Gondwanan genus Nothofagus (34 spp.) which considered to be in a separate family by Hill & Jordan (1993). Of the 531 species of oaks, about 250 occur in the Americas, 125 in Asia and Malesia and the rest in Europe, N. Africa and Macaronesia (Govaerts & Frodin, 1998). Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico and East and Southeastern Asia are rich in species. The infrageneric taxonomy of oaks is in a state of flux and various schemes exist. Oaks are widely cultivated, and widespread hybridisation and high variability make the delimitation of some species contentious. The Waite Arboretum The Waite Arboretum is nestled in the foothills of Adelaide, South Australia , 34 o58’S 138 o 38’E at an altitude of 100 – 110m.
    [Show full text]
  • Stage and Size Structure of Three Species of Oaks in Central Coastal California Author(S): Ian S
    Stage and Size Structure of Three Species of Oaks In Central Coastal California Author(s): Ian S. Pearse Sophie Griswold and Desirree Pizarro Walter D. Koenig Source: Madroño, 61(1):1-8. 2014. Published By: California Botanical Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-61.1.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3120/0024-9637-61.1.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. MADRON˜ O, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 1–8, 2014 STAGE AND SIZE STRUCTURE OF THREE SPECIES OF OAKS IN CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA IAN S. PEARSE Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 and Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 [email protected] SOPHIE GRISWOLD AND DESIRREE PIZARRO Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 WALTER D.
    [Show full text]