Diversity-Based Programming Dan Inspiring Broadcasting: Misi NHK Sebagai Penyiar Publik Melalui Program Asadora

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Diversity-Based Programming Dan Inspiring Broadcasting: Misi NHK Sebagai Penyiar Publik Melalui Program Asadora Bawuk Respati, Diversity-Based Programming dan Inspiring Broadcasting: ... Diversity-Based Programming dan Inspiring Broadcasting: Misi NHK Sebagai Penyiar Publik Melalui Program Asadora BAWUK RESPATI Fakultas Film dan Televisi, Institut Kesenian Jakarta e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper questions NHK’s position as a Japanese public television station that has a different mechanism compared to standard commercial TV stations. Through the analysis of three elements: funding, programme variation, and broadcasting standards, this paper tries to explain how the production process of the asadora (morning drama) programme—a programme that is considered to be one of the more popular NHK programmes, is NHK’s effort to fulfil its mission and responsibility as a public broadcaster. In the end, this essay finds that the production of asadora holds two key principles at its heart: diversity-based programming and inspiring broadcasting, two key principles NHK used to guarantee viewer trust. ABSTRAK Tulisan ini mempertanyakan posisi NHK sebagai stasiun televisi publik di Jepang, yang memiliki mekanisme berbeda jika dibanding dengan stasiun televisi komersial pada umumnya. Dengan menganalisis tiga elemen, yakni sistem pendanaan, variasi program, dan standar penyiaran, tulisan ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan bagaimana proses produksi sebuah program, yakni asadora (drama pagi)—program yang terbilang populer di antara program NHK lainnya, merupakan usaha NHK untuk memenuhi misi dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai penyiar publik. Tulisan ini pada akhirnya menemukan bahwa produksi asadora memegang dua prinsip utama, yakni diversity-based programming dan inspiring broadcasting, yang merupakan dua prinsip kunci yang digunakan NHK untuk menjamin terjaganya kepercayaan penonton. Keywords: media adaptation, ideology of a text, animation, film 17 Kata kunci: alih wahana, ideologi teks, animasi, film. NHK dan Misi Penyiar Publik Industri penyiaran televisi di Jepang NHK bermarkas pusat di 2-2-1 berkembang melalui ko-eksistensi antara Jinnan, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Jepang dan stasiun televisi publik dan stasiun televisi kini dikepalai oleh Ueda Ryoichi sebagai swasta. Seperti yang umumnya ditemukan presiden direktur. Per tahun finansial 2016, di negara-negara lain, stasiun televisi kantor siaran domestik NHK yang beroperasi swasta di Jepang memiliki keragaman yang tercatat ada 54 kantor, termasuk dengan cukup kaya, misalnya ada NTV (Nippon kantor pusat, sedangkan kantor siaran TV), TBS (Tokyo Broadcasting System), Fuji internasionalnya berjumlah 30. Dalam TV, dan TV Asahi. Sementara itu, stasiun jaringannya yang luas dan menyeluruh ini, televisi publik biasanya hanya terpusat NHK mempekerjakan 10,273 pegawai. pada satu institusi saja. Di Jepang, satu- Menurut sejarahnya, NHK satunya perusahaan penyiaran publik yang sebenarnya tidak langsung lahir sebagai ada adalah Nippon Housou Kyoukai, atau perusahaan penyiaran yang bersifat publik. yang lebih akrab dikenal sebagai NHK. Pada tahun 1926, terjadi merger antara tiga Jurnal Urban Vol 2, No.1, Januari - Juni 2019: 1 - 91 perusahaan penyiaran radio, yakni Tokyo Premium; serta, tiga saluran radio, yaitu Broadcasting Company, Osaka Broadcasting Radio 1, Radio 2, dan Radio FM. Di samping Company, dan Nagoya Broadcasting layanan domestik yang mengudara di Company. Merger inilah yang kemudian seluruh Jepang, NHK juga berkiprah dalam melahirkan perusahaan baru yang diberi dunia penyiaran internasional melalui dua nama “Nippon Housou Kyoukai”. Pada layanan televisi, yakni NHK World TV tahun 1928, NHK pun melakukan siaran (dalam bahasa Inggris) dan NHK World radio nasional pertama di Jepang. Premium (dalam bahasa Jepang), serta layanan radio NHK World Radio Japan Pada tahun 1950, Undang-Undang yang tersedia dalam 18 bahasa. Penyiaran diperkenalkan kepada publik Jepang. Hal ini ikut mempengaruhi status Melalui semua layanan tersebut, NHK, karena kemudian eksistensi NHK NHK memiliki mandat penting yang diatur kembali untuk beroperasi sebagai berhubungan dengan statusnya sebagai penyiar publik. Maka, sejak saat itu, operasi penyiar publik. Sebagai penyiar publik NHK pun berada di bawah regulasi Undang- yang operasinya diatur dalam Undang- Undang Penyiaran tersebut. Statusnya yang Undang Penyiaran, orientasi NHK baru ini kemudian mendorong NHK untuk dalam menjalankan bisnisnya tidak bisa terus melakukan pembaharuan dalam dunia disamakan dengan stasiun televisi swasta penyiaran di Jepang. Pada tahun 1953, lain yang bersifat komersial. Oleh sebab NHK melakukan siaran televisi pertama di itu, operasi NHK sebagai sebuah korporasi 18 Jepang. Enam tahun kemudian, tepatnya sebenarnya tidak berorientasi kepada profit pada 1959, TV Edukasional pertama dalam arti sempit yang berkaitan dengan di Jepang pun dipionirkan oleh NHK. keuntungan finansial. Perkembangan teknologi penyiaran di Menurut yang tercantum dalam Jepang pun dipimpin oleh NHK, misalnya profil korporasinya, sebagai penyiar melalui siaran TV berwarna pertama pada publik, salah satu tujuan NHK adalah tahun 1960. untuk menyediakan program yang kaya Perjalanan panjang NHK sejak dan berkualitas. Penyediaan program yang diregulasi kembali menjadi penyiar publik kaya dan berkualitas ini dilakukan dengan mengantarkannya hingga masa kini. mementingkan kesejahteraan publik. Siaran Dewasa ini, NHK masih menjadi pemimpin yang diproduksi NHK juga harus bisa diterima dalam industri penyiaran Jepang, terutama di seluruh Jepang. Secara lebih rinci, NHK melalui sejumlah layanan yang ia juga menyebutkan sejumlah hal spesifik tawarkan kepada publik. Per tahun 2017, yang termasuk ke dalam tanggung jawab NHK menawarkan layanan siaran televisi penyiar publik, sesuai yang diregulasikan dan radio, baik secara domestik maupun dalam Undang-Undang Penyiaran, yaitu: internasional. Layanan domestik NHK memimpin usaha prevensi dan penyiaran meliputi: dua saluran televisi terrestrial, tentang bencana alam, demi keselamatan yaitu General TV dan Educational TV; dua bersama; menyajikan informasi kepada saluran televisi satelit, yaitu BS 1 dan BS audiens melalui perspektif yang luas, Bawuk Respati, Diversity-Based Programming dan Inspiring Broadcasting: ... akurat, dan tidak memihak; menyajikan Dari Publik: Sistem Pendanaan program yang mendidik dan memperdalam NHK pengetahuan mengenai kehidupan sosial Sebagai sebuah korporasi yang memiliki dan budaya; melaksanakan pembaharuan keberlangsungan dan kesinambungan dan pengembangan teknologi penyiaran; operasi, tentunya NHK memerlukan mewakiliki Jepang dalam kancah dunia sebuah sistem pendanaan yang dapat melalui siaran internasional; melestarikan mengakomodasi kegiatannya. Mandat keberagaman budaya regional di Jepang; NHK sebagai penyiar publik berhubungan menampung feedback dari audiens erat dengan sistem pendanaan tersebut. mengenai siaran; serta, memastikan Sistem pendanaan stasiun televisi publik pembagian beban biaya penerimaan siaran beragam dari negara ke negara. Di antara yang adil dan merata. negara-negara Barat misalnya, ditemukan Dengan misi utamanya yang secara setidaknya lima model pendanaan publik umum adalah untuk menyebarkan siaran terhadap stasiun televisi atau penyiar yang berkualitas ke seluruh Jepang demi publik, yaitu: (i) parliamentary grants; kesejahteraan publik, NHK dapat dipandang (ii) equipment/receiving fees, (iii) universal sebagai sebuah “special corporation”. Misi household license fees, (iv) income tax yang diusungnya tersebut tidak boleh charges, (v) hypothecated industry levies dipengaruhi oleh pihak manapun. Untuk (Nordicity, 2016). mencapai misi ini, otonomi NHK perlu Dari kelima model tersebut, NHK dijamin, baik secara finansial maupun menggunakan model equipment/receiving 19 operasional. Ada sejumlah faktor yang fees. Lebih tepatnya, NHK menyebut sistem perlu dipertimbangkan dan dipahami yang dianutnya sebagai sistem “receiving untuk dapat melihat kinerja NHK dalam fees”. Sistem ini adalah semacam sistem memenuhi misi dan tanggung jawabnya langganan yang dibebankan kepada publik sebagai penyiar publik. Dalam tulisan ini, sebagai konsekuensi dari kepemilikan tiga hal yang berkaitan dengan hal ini pesawat televisi. Biaya langganan akan dibahas, yaitu: sistem pendanaan, dibayarkan oleh publik langsung kepada variasi program, dan standar penyiaran. NHK dan menjadi sumber pendapatan Dengan menggunakan contoh kasus utama NHK—bahkan per tahun finansial salah satu produksi domestik NHK yang 2016, hampir 97% dari total pendapatan paling populer, yaitu serial drama pagi NHK adalah hasil dari pembayaran iuran atau asadora, tulisan ini akan berusaha langganan ini (NHK Corporate Profile, menunjukkan bagaimana NHK memenuhi 2017). misi dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai penyiar publik. Pembayaran iuran langganan ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Penyiaran Jepang, sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Artikel 64 yang berbunyi: “Any person who has installed receiving equipment Jurnal Urban Vol 2, No.1, Januari - Juni 2019: 1 - 91 capable of receiving the broadcasting Asumsi klasik mengenai posisi provided by NHK shall conclude a contract stasiun televisi publik adalah bahwa with NHK with regard to the reception of ia tidak populer dan jarang ditonton its broadcasting . .” (Barangsiapa yang oleh publik yang mendanainya sendiri. memasang peralatan yang dapat menerima Dalam kasus NHK, meskipun sistem biaya siaran NHK harus memulai kontrak dengan penerimaan siaran ini terkadang dinilai NHK mengenai penerimaan siaran . ). kaku dan merepotkan—apalagi mengingat Per tahun 2016, jumlah biaya yang harus NHK masih menjalankan metode door-to-
Recommended publications
  • TOC East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, Vol 5, Issue 2 (2019)
    H-Japan TOC East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, Vol 5, Issue 2 (2019) Discussion published by Janet Goodwin on Saturday, November 9, 2019 Crosspost from H-Asia Discussion published by Tessa Mathieson on Friday, November 8, 2019 Intellect is pleased to announce that East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 5.2 is now available! Special Issue: ‘Reconsidering the cultural significance of NHK’s morning dramas’ For more information about the special issue and journal, click here >> https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/eapc/2019/00000005/00000002?fbclid=IwAR3 N0yNirJb8psFDkcJxlHjiyk_OEh_DFYSTfGpSOdwVQ9Dm8hG-jdBQgMA Issue 5.2 Editorial from Editors-in-chief East Asian Journal of Popular Culture Kate Taylor-Jones, Edward Vickers and Ann Heylen Editorial Revisiting a national institution: NHK’s morning drama (asadora) in transition Elisabeth Scherer Thematic Articles Citation: Janet Goodwin. TOC East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, Vol 5, Issue 2 (2019). H-Japan. 11-09-2019. https://networks.h-net.org/node/20904/discussions/5320001/toc-east-asian-journal-popular-culture-vol-5-issue-2-2019 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 1 H-Japan An everyday glimpse of the nation: NHK’s morning drama (asadora) and rituality Elisabeth Scherer The war’s end: 15 August 1945 in NHK’s morning dramas from 1966 to 2019 Sachiko Masuda Television and the ama: The continuing search for a real Japan in NHK’s morning drama Amachan Dolores P. Martinez Tourism and local identity generated by NHK’s morning drama: The intersection of memory and imagination in Kobe Kyungjae Jang The Japanization of wife and whisky in NHK’s morning drama Massan Tim oThelen Interview In-between with Kimberley Pace Scott Sommers Field Report Japan Now North festival report Citation: Janet Goodwin.
    [Show full text]
  • BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Manusia Adalah
    BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Manusia adalah mahluk sosial, karena itu manusia tidak lepas dari berkomunikasi dengan satu sama lain. Untuk bisa berkomunikasi satu sama lain manusia menggunakan bahasa sebagai alat. Kridalaksana (1993: hlm.21) mengemukakan “ Bahasa adalah sistem lambang bunyi yang arbitrer yang digunakan oleh para anggota kelompok sosial untuk bekerjasama, berkomunikasi, dan mengidentifikasi diri”. Jadi, bahasa dapat digunakan untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain . Namun, untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain biasanya tidak hanya menggunakan satu bahasa saja, bisa jadi menggunakan dua bahasa atau bahkan lebih. Ini dikarenakan komunikasi yang tidak hanya dilakukan satu negara saja, bahkan komunikasi dapat dilakukan dengan seluruh negara. Dan di era globalisasi seperti ini diperlukan penguasaan lebih dari satu bahasa untuk memudahkan dalam menjalani persaingan. Bilingualisme adalah kemampuan menggunakan dua bahasa yang meliputi keterampilan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis(Abdullah, 2012:hlm.170). Di Indonesia sendiri masyarakatnya dapat dikatakan bilingual karena menguasai dua variasi bahasa atau lebih. Contohnya, di Indonesia yang terdapat banyak provinsi, dan di masing-masing provinsi tersebut mereka mempunyai bahasa daerah masing-masing, Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan bahasa betawinya, provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan bahasa Minangnya, Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan bahasa Sundanya, dan lain-lain. Jika orang provinsi Jawa Barat bertemu dengan orang provinsi DKI Jakarta, maka mereka akan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia atau menyisipkan bahasa Indonesia pada saat berkomunikasi agar bisa saling mengerti. Peristiwa tutur inilah yang disebut Bilingualisme. Alia Ayuning Tiyas, 2019 ANALISIS ALIH KODE DALAM DRAMA JEPANG MASSAN Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia │ repository.upi.edu │ perpustakaan.upi.edu 2 Menurut Wardhaugh(1998:hlm.100), Dengan demikian, di dalam masyarakat multibahasa terdapat bermacam-macam kode, yang antara lain berupa dialek, sosiolek, serta gaya yang digunakan dalam berkomunikasi.
    [Show full text]
  • EAJS2017 15Th International Conference  of the European Association for Japanese Studies
    EAJS2017 15th International Conference of the European Association for Japanese Studies Lisbon, August 30 - September 2, 2017 Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas – NOVA FCSH CHAM - Centre for the Humanities Conference timetable Wednesday 30 August Friday 01 September 12:30-15:30 Reception desk open 15:30-16:00 Welcoming remarks, 08:30-17:45 Reception desk open Cinema São Jorge 09:00-10:30 Panel session 5 16:00-18:00 Keynote lecture, 10:30-11:00 Refreshments Cinema São Jorge 11:00-12:30 Panel session 6 18:30-20:00 Opening reception, Museu Nacional de História 12:30-14:00 Lunch Natural e Ciência 13:00-14:00 Journal launch: Global perspectives on Japan, Bloco 1, Piso 1, Sala 1.11 Thursday 31 August 14:00-15:30 Panel session 7 15:30-16:00 Refreshments 08:30-17:45 Reception desk open 16:00-17:30 Panel session 8 09:00-10:30 Panel session 1 17:30-19:00 AJE assembly, 10:30-11:00 Refreshments Torre B, Piso 3, Auditório 2 11:00-12:30 Panel session 2 20:00-22:30 Gala dinner, Pátio da Galé 12:30-14:00 Lunch 14:00-15:30 Panel session 3 Saturday 02 September 15:30-16:00 Refreshments 08:30-17:45 Reception desk open 16:00-17:30 Panel session 4 09:00-10:30 Panel session 9 17:30-19:00 JAWS business meeting, Bloco 1, Piso 1, Sala 1.11 10:30-11:00 Refreshments 19:30-20:30 Classical concert, 11:00-12:30 Panel session 10 Church of São Roque 12:30-14:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Publishing in peer reviewed journals, Torre A, Piso -1, Auditório 002 14:00-15:30 Panel session 11 15:30-16:00 Refreshments 16:00-17:30 EAJS General meeting, Gulbenkian Foundation EAJS2017
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Cindi SturtzSreetharan CURRICULUM VITAE EMPLOYMENT Associate Professor of Anthropology, with tenure ASU School of Human Evolution & Social Change, 2020-present Associate Professor of Anthropology, without tenure ASU School of Human Evolution & Social Change, 2015-2020 Additional Institutional Affiliations: Faculty Affiliate: Center for Global Health Prior to ASU Professor, CSU Sacramento, Department of Anthropology, 2013-2015 Associate Professor (with tenure), CSU Sacramento, Department of Anthropology, 2008-2013 Assistant Professor, CSU Sacramento, Department of Anthropology, 2002-2008 Visiting Assistant Professor, University of Iowa, Department of Anthropology, 2001-2002 English Teacher, Board of Education, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan, 1994-1995 Faculty Affiliate, Asian Studies Program, California State University, Sacramento, 2002 - 2015 EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy, Linguistic Anthropology, 2001 University of California, Davis, Dissertation: “Danseigo da zo! Japanese Men’s Language: Stereotypes, Realities, and Ideologies. Chair: Janet S Shibamoto Smith Masters of Arts, Asian Studies, 1994 University of Oregon Bachelor of Arts, International Relations, 1992 Willamette University RESEARCH INTERESTS Linguistic and Cultural Anthropology; Gender; Stigma; Applied Linguistic Methods; Citizen Sociolinguistics/Science Geographic areas: Japan, United States, Korea SECTION 1: RESEARCH SUMMARY Total Record Total Publications 2 books + 30 articles + 2 chapters + 1 encyclopedia entry Lead author articles: 63% Publication Impact Total citations: 523, H-index: 12, I-10 Index: 13 Grants Awarded, 1998-2021 10 grant awards total (including 3 dissertation awards) PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS Co-author mentorship: ** undergraduate student; * graduate student; † postdoctoral researcher IF: impact factor, IF5: 5 year impact factor; NR: not reported BOOKS (1 total) 1 SturtzSreetharan, C.L. (20%), A.A. Brewis, J. Hardin, S. Trainer, A. Wutich. 2021. Fat-in-Four Cultures: A Global Ethnography of Weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Book 2 Names Omitted.Indd
    The 3rd EAJS Conference in Japan 第三回EAJS日本会議 BOOK OF ABstRacts The University of Tsukuba Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences 14 - 15 September 2019 Supported by the Japan Foundation Contents Section A - Anthropology & Sociology / Urban & Environmental Studies ........................................................3 Section B - Visual & Performing Arts, Film & Media Studies ................................................................................36 Section C - History ................................................................................65 Section D - Language, Linguistics, Translating & Teaching ......................................................................................100 Section E - Literature ...........................................................................131 Section F - Politics, International Relations & Economics ......................171 Section G - Religion & Philosophy .......................................................181 Section H - Other Disciplines / Interdisciplinary ....................................197 Anthropology & Sociology / Urban & Environmental Studies Section A - Anthropology & Sociology / Urban & Environmental Studies Section Convenors: Jun‘ichi Akashi (University of Tsukuba), Alyne Delany (Tohuku University) & Hidehiro Yamamoto (University of Tsukuba) A-1-1 Zuzanna Baraniak-Hirata (Ochanomizu University) CONSUMING THE “WORLD OF DREAMS”: NARRATIVES OF BELONGING IN TAKARAZUKA FAN CULTURE Recent fan culture studies have often focused on formation of fan communi-
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © and Moral Rights for This Thesis Are Retained by the Author And/Or Other Copyright Owners. a Copy Can Be Downloa
    Simpson, Sylvia (2015) Technologies for the self: Japanese women in the UK and their media. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22830/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Technologies for the Self: Japanese Women in the UK and Their Media Sylvia Simpson Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Anthropology and Sociology SOAS, University of London Word Count: 95626 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Imagining the Japanese Masses In
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO “RATHER A HUNDRED SINGING LABORERS THAN A SINGLE PROFESSIONAL”: IMAGINING THE JAPANESE MASSES IN THE UTAGOE MOVEMENT, 1948-PRESENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY JUN HEE LEE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2020 i Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures….……………………….……………………………………………iii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………….vi Introduction: On Music as Cultural and Intellectual History…………………...…...………...…..1 Part I: Establishment of Music as Ideology in Twentieth-century Japan……………………..…17 Chapter 1: Imagining Japan’s National Music, 1880s-1945..........................................................22 Chapter 2: Early Utagoe under the Japanese Communist Party’s Cultural Policy……...……….47 Part II: Utagoe’s National and International Solidarity through Music………………….………99 Chapter 3: Remembering Araki Sakae the Laborer-Composer, Inside Out……………………106 Chapter 4: The Rise and Fall of Utagoe’s National Music Paradigm, 1953-1974……………..158 Part III: Dual History of Utagoe: the Cases of Utagoe Kissa…………………….…………….214 Chapter 5: “Utagoe Coffeehouse” Tomoshibi’s Cultural Ventures, 1962-1992……………….228 Chapter 6: Betwixt Movement and Nostalgia: Practicing Utagoe in Japan since 2011.……….290 Conclusion: In Place of the Coda.……………………………………………………...…….....355 Bibliography………………………………….…………..…………………………………….362 ii List of Tables and Figures Table 2.1: Timeline of institutional development of the Central Chorus and Nihon no Utagoe…....52 Figure 2.1: Seki Akiko leading rehearsal with the Central Chorus’s fifteenth class (1952).………...73 Figure 2.2 Sheet music for “Our Friends” (1949).…………………………………………………. 76 Figure 2.3 Participants from Tokyo performing at the 1954 Nihon no Utagoe Festival.…....……...79 Figure 2.4 A closer shot of the participants from Tokyo at the 1954 Nihon no Utagoe Festival.......80 Figure 2.5 Central Chorus members perofrming in Uchinada (1953) …………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Bussole • 499 Studi Linguistico-Letterari
    Bussole • 499 Studi linguistico-letterari MMariotti_stampa_CS5.inddariotti_stampa_CS5.indd 1 001/08/141/08/14 112.122.12 1a edizione, settembre 2014 © copyright 2014 by Carocci editore S.p.A., Roma Editing e impaginazione Fregi e Majuscole, Torino Finito di stampare nel settembre 2014 da Grafi che VD srl, Città di Castello (PG) isbn 978-88-430-7363-4 Riproduzione vietata ai sensi di legge (art. 171 della legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633) Senza regolare autorizzazione, è vietato riprodurre questo volume anche parzialmente e con qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la fotocopia, anche per uso interno o didattico. I lettori che desiderano informazioni sui volumi pubblicati dalla casa editrice possono rivolgersi direttamente a: Carocci editore Corso Vittorio Emanuele ii, 229 00186 Roma tel 06 42 81 84 17 fax 06 42 74 79 31 Visitateci sul nostro sito Internet: http://www.carocci.it MMariotti_stampa_CS5.inddariotti_stampa_CS5.indd 2 001/08/141/08/14 112.122.12 Marcella Mariotti La lingua giapponese Carocci editore Bussole MMariotti_stampa_CS5.inddariotti_stampa_CS5.indd 3 001/08/141/08/14 112.122.12 A mio marito, a mia fi glia, a mia madre e ai miei studenti Note alla trascrizione in caratteri latini In questo volume sono stati adottati il sistema di trascrizione Hepburn per il giapponese, il sistema McCune Reischauer per i termini coreani e il pinyin per quelli cinesi. Il primo prevede che la lettura delle vocali sia come in italiano e quella delle consonanti come in inglese. Alcune pronunce richiedono tuttavia maggiore attenzione: • ch si legge come la c di “Cina”; • g si legge come la g di “gatto”; • j si legge come la g di “Giulia”; • sh si legge come la sc di “sci”; • u è muta se a fi ne parola; • w si legge come la u di “uva”; • y si legge come la i di “ieri”.
    [Show full text]
  • Locating Imagination in Popular Culture
    Locating Imagination in Popular Culture Locating Imagination in Popular Culture offers a multidisciplinary account of the ways in which popular culture, tourism, and notions of place intertwine in an environment characterized by ongoing processes of globalization, digitization, and the increasingly ubiquitous nature of multimedia. Centred around the concept of imagination, the authors demonstrate how popular culture and media are becoming increasingly important in the ways in which places and localities are imagined and how they also subsequently stimulate a desire to visit the actual places in which people’s favourite stories are set. With examples drawn from around the globe, the book offers a unique study of the role of narratives conveyed through media in stimulating and reflecting desire in tourism. This book will have appeal in a wide variety of academic disciplines, ranging from media and cultural studies to fan and tourism studies, cultural geography, literary studies, and cultural sociology. Nicky van Es, MSc, is currently a lecturer at Erasmus University Rotterdam. Next to teaching within the International Bachelor of Arts & Culture Studies, he co-founded the MA programme Place, Culture & Tourism (2018). In addition, he is working towards finalizing his dissertation (exp. 2020) on literary tourism as part of the Locating Imagination project, funded by the Dutch Science Foundation. Among his published research articles are “Chasing Sleuths” (Annals of Tourism Research, 2016) and “Capital Crime Cities” (European Journal of Cultural Studies, 2016) and several book chapters, and he is the main editor of the upcoming edited volume Locating Imagination in Popular Culture (Routledge, 2020). Stijn Reijnders, PhD, is Full Professor of Cultural Heritage, in Particular in Relation to Tourism and Popular Culture at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Japanese Women's Role. Past and Present
    Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Ramos, Óscar; Garcés, Pilar Japanese women's role. Past and present Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, vol. 10-11, june-december, 2005, pp. 223-242 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36101106 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2005, 10/11, 223-242Japanese women's role. Past and present 223 JAPANESE WOMEN’S ROLE. PAST AND PRESENT Óscar Ramos Pilar Garcés University of Valladolid Introduction It is an undeniable fact that society in Japan is suffering the convul- sions of a tsunami in the way it has to face a new cultural era. Suddenly the models that have been the driving force of society are being contested by an oversized wave that is gradually but inexorably dismantling a highly structured and homogeneous community whose main principles and values rested upon the concepts of duty and honour. At the crest of this massive wave are the women and young people of this country who are heading a revolt against the establishment without being absolutely conscious of their leading role in this socio-cultural upheaval. Both women and the Japanese youth feel that the world of the older generation is collapsing, that their energy urges them to react against this crumbling world, and, consequently, they react instinctively, moved by an opposing force that makes them search for an answer in a chaotic universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Place, Tourism and Belonging
    8 Following Oshin and Amachan Film tourism and nation branding in the analogue and digital ages Elisabeth Scherer and Timo Thelen Introduction The asadora (morning drama) is considered one of the most representative and influential formats on Japanese television. With each series running for half a year, the asadora presents a female heroine in her struggle for per- sonal fulfilment and happiness for 15 minutes every morning since 1961. Yoshimi (2005 : 544) noted that “[f]rom the early 1960s, television became a prominent medium linking the family with the state, defining the national consciousness, and dominating people’s imaginative views of both the past and the present”. This is very true for the asadora : the show’s daily presence and the ritualistic habits of many viewers give the asadora steady public attention as well as a prominent place in the collective memory of Japan. Although some critics have diagnosed the slow decline of this format – along with classic television in general – and criticized the sometimes very conser- vative narratives, the asadora remains an important flagship for the public broadcaster NHK. Furthermore, it also receives notice beyond national bor- ders, especially in East Asia. Even though various asadora have long been closely linked to specific regions of Japan as filming locations, their impact on tourism has only been investigated recently (e.g. Maruta et al., 2014; Tajima, 2015 ; Jang, 2016 ; Scherer & Thelen, 2017 , 2018 ). Research on media tourism in Japan usually focuses on the genre of anime ( Yamamura, 2015 ) and historical television series (Seaton, 2015 ). In Japan, the term “contents tourism” is commonly employed, a buzzword initiated by the Japanese government in the early 2000s as an umbrella term for any kind of tourism associated with a trans- medially marketed and locally anchored story.
    [Show full text]
  • Single Mothers in Contemporary Japanese Television Drama 1
    New Heroines for a New Era? Single Mothers in Contemporary Japanese Television Drama 1 ACTA ASIATICA VARSOVIENSIA No. 27, 2014 PL ISSN 08606102 FORUM MITHANI New Heroines for a New Era? Single Mothers in Contemporary Japanese Television Drama Abstract The figure of the single mother has played an important role in Japanese television drama over several decades. In the 1960s and 1970s, the figure of the single mother was often used to uphold traditional, patriarchal notions of family and gender, which stressed the importance of the mothers role in childrearing and running the household, and limited the role of women to the domestic sphere. However, as female participation in all areas of society has increased, and women have begun to question the assumption that marriage and motherhood are an essential part of their lives, so Japanese television drama has responded, reflecting and sometimes anticipating these changes. Today, single mothers in Japanese television dramas are actively rejecting patriarchal structures by forming women-only support networks or forging new identities as independent career women. However, very little academic attention has been paid to these representations. This paper hopes to make a small contribution towards rectifying this situation by analyzing the representations of single motherhood in contemporary television drama. In her study of unmarried mothers in contemporary Japan, Ekaterina Hertog notes the considerable media attention single (in particular, unmarried) motherhood receives in Japan, considering it is still a relatively rare phenomenon.1 Mother-and-child households (boshi setai) made up only 2 per cent of all Japanese households in 2011.2 Yet the media is awash with stories of single mothers.
    [Show full text]