DOCSLIB.ORG

Bulletin on the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Results of the Three Gorges Project 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bulletin on the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Results of the Three Gorges Project 2015 Bulletin on the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Results of the Three Gorges Project 2015 Content Summary.......................................................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1 Operation of the Three Gorges Project...................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Economic and Social Development..........................................................................................7 Chapter 3 Natural Ecology and Environment..........................................................................................8 3.1 Climate................................................................................................................................................8 3.2 Forest resources................................................................................................................................11 3.3 Terrestrial plants................................................................................................................................12 3.4 Survey on the wintering water birds...................................................................................................13 3.5 Rare and endemic aquatic animals...................................................................................................13 3.6 Agroecology.......................................................................................................................................15 3.7 Fishery resources and environment..................................................................................................16 3.8 Earthquake and geological disasters..................................................................................................18 Chapter 4 Discharge of Pollution Sources...............................................................................................20 4.1 Discharge of Industrial Effluent........................................................................................................20 4.2 Discharge of Urban pollutants...........................................................................................................20 4.3 Agricultural Non-point Pollution.......................................................................................................22 4.4 Discharge of Ship Pollutants..............................................................................................................22 Chapter 5 Status of Water Environment Quality...................................................................................24 5.1 Streamflow......................................................................................................................................24 5.2 Water quality.....................................................................................................................................24 5.3 Trophic state and algal blooms of main tributaries...........................................................................25 1 Content Chapter 6 Status of Public Health ............................................................................................................27 6.1 Basic Situation..............................................................................................................................27 6.2 Life Statistics.....................................................................................................................................27 6.3 Monitoring of Diseases......................................................................................................................27 6.4 Monitoring of Biological Media........................................................................................................29 Chapter 7 Environmental Quality of the Dam Area...............................................................................31 7.1 Hydrology and Meteorology..............................................................................................................31 7.2 Air Quality.........................................................................................................................................32 7.3 Water Quality.....................................................................................................................................32 7.4 Noise.................................................................................................................................................33 Chapter 8 Monitoring and Studies on Ecological Environment............................................................34 8.1 Wanzhou Model Zone.......................................................................................................................34 8.2 Zigui Model Zone.............................................................................................................................35 8.3 Water-level-fluctuating zone.............................................................................................................36 8.4 Groundwater dynamics and soil gleization.......................................................................................37 8.5 Water-salt dynamics and soil Salinization in the estuary .................................................................37 8.6 Ecological environment in the estuary..............................................................................................39 8.7 Wetlands in the midstream................................................................................................................41 8.8 Small Watersheds in the Upstream ...................................................................................................45 8.9 Algal blooms in main tributaries.......................................................................................................48 2 Bulletin on the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Results of the Three Gorges Project 2015 Summary In 2014, the Three Gorges Water Project maintained no report on epidemic diseases. The GDP of the project stable and efficient operation for the eleventh area reached 632.059 bn. yuan, up 11.3% compared with consecutive year, giving full play to the comprehensive that of 2013. The primary industry, secondary industry role of flood control, power generation, navigation, and tertiary industry achieved value added by 62.179 bn. drought resistance and water replenishment. The 175 yuan, 322.06 bn. yuan and 247.82 bn. yuan, marking an m trial impoundment was achieved in success for the increase of 4.7%, 13.2% and 10.3% respectively than fifth consecutive time. During the flood season, a total that of 2013. of 17.512 bn. m3 floodwater was impounded. The Three Gorges power plant generated electricity of 98.8 bn. The mean annual temperature of the project area kWh accumulatively throughout the year, setting the posted 17.8℃, maintaining the level of average year. new world record of annual power generation of a single The region experienced 1,213.3 mm mean annual power plant, and the navigation lock had been operated precipitation, higher than that of average year. The mean safely and efficiently with annual freight volume of 109 relative humidity was 77%, maintaining the normal mil. t. The project replenished the lower reaches with level, while the mean evaporation was obviously less about 24.35 bn. m3 of water during the water-level- than average year, standing at 878.2 mm. The mean wind fluctuating period. speed posted 1.4 m/s, close to historical average. The permanent population of the Three Gorges Project The area of arable land of the Three Gorges Project area had reached 14.5709 mil. by the end of year, up area stood at 411,426.1 ha., and the planted acreage by 0.5% compared with that of 2013; the registered is 607,268 ha. with multiple cropping index of 218%. population stood at 16.8961 mil., up by 0.4%. The Grain crops still dominated agricultural production. people in the area were in good health, and there were 3 Summary The catch of fisheries at the project area, downstream timely early warning. of the dam, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and the estuary totaled 62,200 t. The fish fry amount of the four major In the project area, 212 mil. t of wastewater from Chinese carps at Jianli section was about 355 mil., a industrial sources was discharged including 35,100 t slight decrease compared with that of the same period of COD and 2,200 t of NH3-N. Discharges of domestic of the previous year. The survey at the upstream of the sewage amounted to 794 mil. t including 123,000 t of project area found 25 endemic fish species and 5 species COD and 22,600 t of NH3-N. Up to 615.4 t of pesticides of alien fish. Natural propagation of Aclpenser Sinensis were applied in the area, while the application of Grdy at the downstream of Gezhouba Project was not fertilizer stood at 130,000 t. Up to 439,000 t of ship oil- found during monitoring, and the number of breeding contaminated water was generated of which 404,000 population by sonar detection remained at a low level. t was discharged up-to-standard. Shipboard domestic sewage totaled 3.74 mil. t. The Three Gorges Project area observed 1,120 earth quakes at M≥0.0. The frequency marked certain The annual average water quality of the mainstream increase compared with that of 2013 with the intensity of Yangtze River in the project area was good and that witnessing a bit decrease. Minor earthquakes were of Jialing River was
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2015 White Paper Smart Learning Environments in China.Pdf
    September 2015, Beijing Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University White Paper: Smart Learning Environments in China 2015 (Executive Summary) Learning and Smart Learning Environments - 2 - White Paper: Smart Learning Environments in China 2015 (Executive Summary) “Livability and Innovation”: the Dual-core System of a Smart City With “People Experience of Smart Living" and "City Innovation capacity" as the dual-core, a smart city has the characteristics of smart travelling, smart living, smart learning, smart economy, smart environment and smart governance. Livability and innovation are fundamental drivers of city development, core objectives of promoting the city to operate healthily and dynamically, and efficient ways of solving those difficulties associated with the development of a "Smart City". "Smart Learning" plays a supportive role in leading city innovation capacity in culture and promoting people experience of smart living with high technology. Promoting .Entrepreneurial creativity .Internet plus economic .Convenient traffic pattern .Efficient access .Employment and Venture .Ubiquitous network access opportunities .Urban security Smart Smart .Medical and health care Economy Travelling .Civil happiness Smart Smart People Experience Environment City Innovation Living Capacity .Green building .Green energy .Green urban plan Smart Smart Governance Learning .Service policy .21st century skills .Transparency and open data .Inclusive education .Widespread use of digital government .Infusing ICT into education Leading - 3 -
    [Show full text]
  • Yangtze River Cruise, China
    Yangtze River Cruise, China If you haven’t traveled up the mighty Yangtze, you haven’t been anywhere. The Yangtze River is the third longest river and one of the most popular cruising destinations in the world. Tourists enjoy the most beautiful scenery and historical hot- spots in this region and get the opportunity to immerse themselves in diverse culture. Luxury cruises in the Yangtze River sum up all the things that China has to offer in one amazing experience. Most of these cruises originate from Shanghai, Jiangyin, Chongqing and Nanjing. During the cruise, tourists get to see the Purple Mountain., Mount Huang and the lower Yangtze delta among many other scenes of natural beauty while being introduced to Chinese traditions and customs. “Three Gorges” is a major highlight about the cruise since it holds ancient historical significance. It is also a memorable experience to explore the Shennong Stream, which has its own unique scenery. The Shennong Stream has four natural gorges with their own characteristics and one of them, namely Yingwu Gorge is known for its elegance and the evergreen vegetation along the banks, which remains beautiful throughout the year. The common Chinese saying “If you haven’t traveled up the mighty Yangtze, you haven’t been anywhere”, well describes the beauty that this cruise has to offer. Yangtze River Cruise Map Facts about Yangtze River Cruise Close to the “Three Gorges” is the controversial “Three Gorges Dam,” which many regard to be an unwelcome addition to the land. The Qutang, Wu and Xiling gorges make up the trio.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanopore Sequencing and Hi-C Based De Novo Assembly of Trachidermus Fasciatus Genome
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Nanopore Sequencing and Hi-C Based De Novo Assembly of Trachidermus fasciatus Genome Gangcai Xie 1,* , Xu Zhang 2,3, Feng Lv 4, Mengmeng Sang 1, Hairong Hu 5, Jinqiu Wang 5,* and Dong Liu 2,3,* 1 Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; [email protected] 2 Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; [email protected] 3 Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neu-Roregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China 4 Nantong College of Science and Technology, Qingnian Middle Road 136, Nantong 226006, China; [email protected] 5 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.X.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (D.L.) Abstract: Trachidermus fasciatus is a roughskin sculpin fish widespread across the coastal areas of East Asia. Due to environmental destruction and overfishing, the population of this species is under threat. In order to protect this endangered species, it is important to have the genome sequenced. Reference genomes are essential for studying population genetics, domestic farming, and genetic resource protection. However, currently, no reference genome is available for Trachidermus fasciatus, and this has greatly hindered the research on this species. In this study, we integrated nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C methods to thoroughly assemble the Trachidermus fasciatus genome.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Genomics of a Plastic Life History Trait: Galaxias Maculatus Amphidromous and Resident Populations
    EVOLUTIONARY GENOMICS OF A PLASTIC LIFE HISTORY TRAIT: GALAXIAS MACULATUS AMPHIDROMOUS AND RESIDENT POPULATIONS by María Lisette Delgado Aquije Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2021 Dalhousie University is located in Mi'kma'ki, the ancestral and unceded territory of the Mi'kmaq. We are all Treaty people. © Copyright by María Lisette Delgado Aquije, 2021 I dedicate this work to my parents, María and José, my brothers JR and Eduardo for their unconditional love and support and for always encouraging me to pursue my dreams, and to my grandparents Victoria, Estela, Jesús, and Pepe whose example of perseverance and hard work allowed me to reach this point. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATION USED ................................................................................ xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ xv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Galaxias maculatus ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China
    Country Report for the Preparation of the First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China June 2003 Beijing CONTENTS Executive Summary Biological diversity is the basis for the existence and development of human society and has aroused the increasing great attention of international society. In June 1992, more than 150 countries including China had jointly signed the "Pact of Biological Diversity". Domestic animal genetic resources are an important component of biological diversity, precious resources formed through long-term evolution, and also the closest and most direct part of relation with human beings. Therefore, in order to realize a sustainable, stable and high-efficient animal production, it is of great significance to meet even higher demand for animal and poultry product varieties and quality by human society, strengthen conservation, and effective, rational and sustainable utilization of animal and poultry genetic resources. The "Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the "World Status of Animal Genetic Resource " compiled by the FAO. The Ministry of Agriculture" (MOA) has attached great importance to the compilation of the Report, organized nearly 20 experts from administrative, technical extension, research institutes and universities to participate in the compilation team. In 1999, the first meeting of the compilation staff members had been held in the National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service, discussed on the compilation outline and division of labor in the Report compilation, and smoothly fulfilled the tasks to each of the compilers.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    INDEX Aodayixike Qingzhensi Baisha, 683–684 Abacus Museum (Linhai), (Ordaisnki Mosque; Baishui Tai (White Water 507 Kashgar), 334 Terraces), 692–693 Abakh Hoja Mosque (Xiang- Aolinpike Gongyuan (Olym- Baita (Chowan), 775 fei Mu; Kashgar), 333 pic Park; Beijing), 133–134 Bai Ta (White Dagoba) Abercrombie & Kent, 70 Apricot Altar (Xing Tan; Beijing, 134 Academic Travel Abroad, 67 Qufu), 380 Yangzhou, 414 Access America, 51 Aqua Spirit (Hong Kong), 601 Baiyang Gou (White Poplar Accommodations, 75–77 Arch Angel Antiques (Hong Gully), 325 best, 10–11 Kong), 596 Baiyun Guan (White Cloud Acrobatics Architecture, 27–29 Temple; Beijing), 132 Beijing, 144–145 Area and country codes, 806 Bama, 10, 632–638 Guilin, 622 The arts, 25–27 Bama Chang Shou Bo Wu Shanghai, 478 ATMs (automated teller Guan (Longevity Museum), Adventure and Wellness machines), 60, 74 634 Trips, 68 Bamboo Museum and Adventure Center, 70 Gardens (Anji), 491 AIDS, 63 ack Lakes, The (Shicha Hai; Bamboo Temple (Qiongzhu Air pollution, 31 B Beijing), 91 Si; Kunming), 658 Air travel, 51–54 accommodations, 106–108 Bangchui Dao (Dalian), 190 Aitiga’er Qingzhen Si (Idkah bars, 147 Banpo Bowuguan (Banpo Mosque; Kashgar), 333 restaurants, 117–120 Neolithic Village; Xi’an), Ali (Shiquan He), 331 walking tour, 137–140 279 Alien Travel Permit (ATP), 780 Ba Da Guan (Eight Passes; Baoding Shan (Dazu), 727, Altitude sickness, 63, 761 Qingdao), 389 728 Amchog (A’muquhu), 297 Bagua Ting (Pavilion of the Baofeng Hu (Baofeng Lake), American Express, emergency Eight Trigrams; Chengdu), 754 check
    [Show full text]
  • Volume #2 / Issue #1 / OCTOBER 2011 南京权安 广告 苏印证: 20100046
    Volume #2 / Issue #1 / OCTOBER 2011 南京权安 广告 苏印证: 20100046 It is a special time of year in Nanjing. The weather could not be bet- ter; clear blue skies, ideal temperatures and not a drop of rain (now that we have committed those words to print the gods may well have The Music something else in store). It is also the time of year that heralds the celebration of music that is the Nanjing International Jazz and World Sounds Better Music Festival. Read more herein. Our economics editor Geoff Gibson also likes to pass himself off as something of a musician, and we wager that’s the first time you’ve With You come across that combination! Indeed, it was difficult to curb his en- thusiasm for this issue; he shares with us some of the best spots in Nanjing to pick up a musical instrument or two. Wherever there is music, a DJ is never far away. He/she has also been with us for a lot longer than you may think; find out more in our explo- 南京，每年这个时候，空气中都充满了音乐的气味—— ration of the DJ’s role as shamen, architect of the dance. 又快到了一年一度南京爵士和世界音乐节的时候了。本期, 《南京人》中的照片在回顾去年音乐节的同时预告了2011 Elsewhere, our musical theme continues from the viewpoint of the 年音乐节内容。 MP3; while it has undoubtedly revolutionised music, for listeners and 运用现场音乐会作为广告手段来打入中国音乐迷的市场 musicians alike, the format also brings artists to question the very 的海外商业公司们对于中国正在成长、变化的商业市场做 interpretation of their album as an art form. 出新的市场开发策略。更多关于此主题的内容，请阅读本 文（中、英文）。 Finally, and with as much modesty as we can muster, we alert you 我们都知道DJ是干什么的，然而，并不是每个人都知道 to the fact that this edition of The Nanjinger sports on its cover the DJ这个职业早已与我们共存了几千个年头！翻阅本期杂 words “Volume 2, Issue 1”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Piece of Lincoln History Comes to Lincoln Elementary CRESCENTA
    &5(6&(17$9$//(< 3DJH :((./<7+()227+,//6&20081,7<1(:63$3(5 )(%58$5< :::&9:((./<&20 92/12 &RXQFLOGLVFXVVHV IXWXUHRIDUWVIXQG $3LHFHRI/LQFROQ+LVWRU\ LQJIRU*OHQGDOH &RPHVWR/LQFROQ(OHPHQWDU\ %\7HG$<$/$ A rare piece of marble FROQ0DU\7RGG/LQFROQDQGWKUHH 7KHIXWXUHRIDUWVDQGFXOWXUHIXQG from the president’s tomb RIWKHLUIRXUFKLOGUHQ LQJLQ*OHQGDOHZDVGLVFXVVHGE\&LW\ 2YHUWKHSDVWFHQWXU\WKLVSLHFH &RXQFLORQ7XHVGD\,QUHFHQW\HDUV is displayed to students. RIPDUEOHKDVFKDQJHGKDQGVD *OHQGDOH·VUHSXWDWLRQDVDQDUWVKXE QXPEHURIWLPHVEHIRUHÀQGLQJLWV KDVEHHQVWHDGLO\JURZLQJ7KHFLW\LV %\0LFKDHO<(*+,$<$1 ZD\WRWKH%UHZVWHUIDPLO\)D\ KRPHWRVHYHUDOPXVLFDOHQVHPEOHVHQ ZKRFROOHFWHGDQGDUFKLYHGDVL]DEOH WHUWDLQPHQWVWXGLRVDQGVRRQZLOOEH WXGHQWV DW /LQFROQ (OH DVVRUWPHQWRI$PHULFDQDUWLIDFWVLQ KRVWWRWKH1HRQ0XVHXPIRUPHUO\RI PHQWDU\6FKRROHQMR\HGD DGGLWLRQWRKLVGXWLHVDVFXVWRGLDQ :HVW+ROO\ZRRG$SODQGHPRQVWUDWLQJ 6XQLTXH$PHULFDQDUWLIDFW RIWKHWRPERIIHUHGLWWRELRJUD KRZWKHFLW\FDQJURZLQWKLVGLUHFWLRQ RQ:HGQHVGD\ZKHQDORFDOIDPLO\ SKHUDQGKLVWRULDQ*X\6$OOLVRQ WKURXJKZDVRXWOLQHGE\FLW\VWDII VKDUHGDSLHFHRI3UHVLGHQW/LQFROQ·V LQ<HDUVODWHU$OOLVRQJLIWHG ´7KLVLVWKHQH[WVWHS²DQGLWLVD WRPE2QWKHPRUQLQJIROORZLQJWKH WKHVODWHWR%LOODQG0DULH5XVVHOO ELJVWHS²LQWKHPDWXUDWLRQRIWKHDUWV WK SUHVLGHQW·V ELUWKGD\&KORH IURP*OHQGDOH,WZRXOGÀQDOO\ÀQG DQGFXOWXUHSURJUDPWKDWLVDSULRU -DQJ·VNLQGHUJDUWHQFODVVUHFHLYHG LWVZD\WRWKH%UHZVWHUIDPLO\LQ LW\IRUWKLVFLW\µVDLG&LW\0DQDJHU DKDQGVRQKLVWRU\OHVVRQDVWKH\ WKHVZKHQGLVFRYHUHGE\'L 6FRWW2FKRDDGGLQJWKDWLWZRXOGEHD OHDUQHGDERXW3UHVLGHQW/LQFROQ·V DQH%UHZVWHULQDKXWFKDWDQHVWDWH ´WRXFKVWRQHµIRUZKDWWKHFLW\PHDQVDV
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Effects of the First Dam on Yangtze Main Stream and Future Conservation Recommendations: a Review of the Past 60 Years
    Zhang et al.: Ecological effects of the first dam on Yangtze main stream - 2081 - ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE FIRST DAM ON YANGTZE MAIN STREAM AND FUTURE CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS: A REVIEW OF THE PAST 60 YEARS ZHANG, H.1 – LI, J. Y.1 – WU, J. M.1 – WANG, C. Y.1 – DU, H.1 – WEI, Q. W.1* – KANG, M.2* 1Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China (phone: +86-27-8178-0118; fax: +86-27-8178-0118) 2Department of Maritime Police and Production System / The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Cheondaegukchi-Gil 38, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53064, South Korea (phone: +82-55-772-9187; fax: +82-55-772-9189) *Corresponding authors e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Received 21st Jul 2017; accepted 27th Oct 2017) Abstract. The Gezhouba Dam was the first and lowermost dam on the major stem of the Yangtze River. Up to now, the dam has been operating for more than 35 years. The time period was a fast economic development stage in the Yangtze basin. Therefore, the entire Yangtze aquatic ecosystem has been highly affected by various anthropogenic activities. Especially, the fish population and distribution in the Yangtze River have been largely altered. This study reviews the ecological effects of the Gezhouba Dam to the Yangtze aquatic biodiversity for the past 60 years based on literatures. It was concluded that the pre-assessment of the Gezhouba Dam on Yangtze fishes in 1970s was appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis on the Development Strategy of Chongqing Based on "Five
    International Conference on Education, E-learning and Management Technology (EEMT 2016) Analysis on the Development Strategy of Chongqing Based on "Five Functional Areas" Kefeng Li1,a, Yanjun Song2,b 1Chongqing University of Education, Nanan District of Chongqing 40060, China 2Chongqing Vocational College of Culture and Arts, Jiangbei District of Chongqing, 400020, China E-mail:[email protected] Keywords: main functional areas; five functional areas; the development of Chongqing Abstract. Under the strategic background of the main functional areas of China, and based on the actual development of Chongqing, it is proposed to divide the city into “five functional areas”, namely, core area of urban function, development area of urban function, new area of urban development, development area of ecological conservation in Northeast Chongqing, and development area of ecological protection in Southeast Chongqing. On the basis of the historical line of China implementing the strategy of the main functional areas, this paper clarifies the core concepts, the spatial equilibrium, development in accordance with the carrying capacity of resources, ecological products, adjusting the spatial structure and controlling development intensity of the main functional areas, and also analyzes the functional orientation, key tasks and industrial policies of Chongqing’s "five functional areas". 1. Introduction Chongqing government proposed the reform goal of "five major functional areas" in 2013, aiming to coordinate regional development, enhance the core competitiveness
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of the Volatile Components in Chinese Traditional Xiaoqu Liquor
    36 International Journal of Food Processing Technology, 2016, 3, 36-42 Comparison of the Volatile Components in Chinese Traditional Xiaoqu Liquor Ying-Ying Ma, Gao-Jian Cao, He-Chuan Wu, Xiao Dou, Jia-Xiu Guo, Qi Zhang, Chang- Qing Zhao, Hong-Mei Ming, Qingbin Liu and Jian-Gang Yang* Department of Bioengineering, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China Abstract: Volatile components in Sichuan Xiaoqu liquor of Chongqing Jiangjin District, Chongqing Yongchuan District, Sichuan Kaijiang County, Sichuan Zigong were studied by the method of combining headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that 29, 31, 44, 45 kinds of aromatic components were identified from the Xiaoqu liquor of Jiangjin, Chongqing Yongchuan, Kaijiang and Zigong respectively. Esters, alcohols as well as aldehydes and ketones are the main substances. According to peak area relative percentage contents, content of ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and ethyl caprate in the 4 kinds of Xiaoqu liquor is relatively high. Keywords: Sichuan xiaoqu liquor, Headspace solid-phase microextraction, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, Volatile components. INTRODUCTIONS [7] which features [8] short operation time, small usage of samples, rapid and easy application, no need of Sichuan solid–state Xiaoqu liquor has a long history solvent and good reproducibility [9-10], so this method of brewing, typical style, as well as unique flavor, is chosen for pretreatment of samples. On the basis of forming three types [1-2] of Fen –flavor liquor together referring to analysis and relevant research on with Daqu Fen –flavor and Fuqu liquor.
    [Show full text]
  • Yangtze Discovery Downstream Cruise Brochure
    Yangtze Discovery Cruise CHONGQING ! 3 GORGES ! 3 GORGES DAM ! WUHAN ! JUIHUASHAN ! NANJING ! SHANGHAI About this Tour About this Tour Tour Summary This downstream cruise takes you on a fabulous adventure stretching from the picturesque 3 Gorges region to the modern metropolis of Shanghai. Various shore excursions have been planned to give you an insight into some wonderful places of interest that span the mighty Yangtze River. Along the way you’ll witness some beautiful sceneries and meet fascinating local people whose ancestors have inhabited these areas for thousands of years. The main highlights of your Discovery cruise are visits to the incredible 3 Gorges Dam and the magnificent Huangshan / Yellow Mountain. Activity Highlights Inclusions Chongqing City tour; Fengdu Ghost City excursion; Goddess Stream excursion; 3 Gorges 6 nights twin-share accommodation in a Superior Cabin with private balcony; 1 night complimentary pre-cruise Ship Lock; 3 Gorges Dam visit; Hubei Provincial accommodation & city tour in Chongqing; complimentary Museum in Wuhan; Juihuashan Mountain tour; in Shanghai; Breakfast (B), Lunch (L) & Dinner (D) as per Nanjing tour - Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum and Qing the itinerary; morning & afternoon tea & coffee breaks; Dynasty Bazaar; Shanghai City tour. shore excursions; onboard lectures, shows & activities; Accredited English-speaking Cruise Director and Tour Tour Itinerary next page u Guides; entry fees & transport for all tours and transfers. LetsdoChina.com u Yangtze Discovery Cruise (downstream) u www.letsdochina.com Page 1 Tour Itinerary DAY 1 Chongqing Arrive in DAY 4 The 3 Gorges Dam Chongqing and be met at the This morning you’ll go ashore at airport by your local guide and Yichang to visit the incredible 3 taken on a complimentary city Gorges Dam - one of the tour.
    [Show full text]