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Geology and Mineralogy July Trace Elements Investigations Report 5

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Geology and Mineralogy July Trace Elements Investigations Report 5 Geology and Mineralogy UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY" SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE URANIUM GEOLOGY OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS IN THE UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES* Efcr Diane Curtis July Trace Elements Investigations Report 5>3li This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomenclature,. It is not for public inspection or quotation. report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U« S, Atomic Energy Commission,, 2 USGS - GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY Distribution No* of copies Atomic Energy Commission, Washington. ............. 2 Division of Raw Materials, Albuquerque ............ 1 Division of Raw Materials, Austin ............... 1 Division of Raw Materials, Casper ............... 1 Division of Baw Materials, Denver «•.•.«....••.•• 1 Division of Raw Materials, Ishperaing ...«••••*.... 1 Division of Raw Materials, Phoenix. ....*....*.... 1 Division of Raw Materials, Rapid City ............. 1 Division of Raw Materials, Salt Lake City *..»......« 1 Division of Raw Materials, Spokane .............* 1 Division of Raw Materials, Washington *............ 3 Exploration Division, Grand Junction Operations Office .... 1 Grand Junction Operations Office ......<.....««.« 1 Technical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge. ...... 6 U» S. Geological Survey: Fuels Branch, Washington ................... 1 Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, Washington ....*.... 1 Geophysics Branch, Washington ................. 1 Mineral Deposits Branch, Washington .............. 2 P* C. Bateman, Menlo Park .ft................. 1 A. L. Brokaw, Grand Junction ................. 1 N. M. Densona Denver ..................... 1 E. M. MacKevett 5 Menlo Park ».•••••••••••**••• 1 R. L. Griggs, Albuquerque ................... 1 W. R. Keefer, Laramie ..................... 1 R* A* Laurence, Knoxville •...». ............. 1 L« R. Page, Washington .................... 1 P. K. Sims, Denver .........<>.. .......... 2 Q. D. Singewald, Beltsville .................. 1 A* E. Weissenborn, Spokane .................. 1 TEPCO, Denver ... f . .................... it TEPCO, RPS, Washington, (including master) .......... 2 CONTENTS Page Explanation of the bibliography and index map oeeooo.. ij. Acknowledgments 00*0*0000000. o«««<>0..0« 6 Annotated bibliography .00«o«0o»ooo«»o»«»0 7 Indexes s Part !• Author index 0*0000.00000.00001£8 Part 110 Geographic index 0 » 0 o o o»o 0 .....<, l6l Part III. Subject index . ............. 172; ILLUSTRATION Plate 1* Localities of igneous rocks in the United States and Alaska for which published chemical uranium analyses are available 00.... .00000. In envelope SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE URANIUM GEOLOGY OF IGNEOUS AND METAMOHPHIC ROCKS IN THE UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES By Diane Gurtis EXPLANATION OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX MAP This bibliography is an annotated list of selected reports that were publicly available as of May 31$ 19^6^ pertaining to the uranium content and/or radioactivity of igneous and metamorphic rocks and minerals in the United States, Alaska, and Hawaii*, The annotations are listed alphabetically by author, and chronologically if there is more than one report by the same author* The references are numbered consecutively for indexing purposes. The annotations express only the ideas of the authors, but occasionally information has been included for clarification* Such material is enclosed in brackets* A survey of the literature emphasized the paucity of published analytical data on this subject* Consequently, many reports that contain radioactivity data (particularly those with chemical analyses for uranium) are included in the bibliography, even though such reports may have little geologic information,. The uranium contents of igneous rocks as given in some of the reports were calculated by the authors of the reports from the radium content, on the assumption that equilibrium existed between the radioactive elements „ The method of analysis used to determine the radium or uranium content has been indicated in the annotationo Data inferred from radioactivity determinations have less quantitative significance than those derived from chemical analyses» For consistency in this bibliography,) analyses given in the reports as percent U»0n have been converted to percent uranium^ according to the following§ percent U^Oo x 0«85> s percent U No papers specifically concerning the physical-chemical behavior of uranium during the crystallization of magmas were found in the current literature* However, a few general papers on the behavior of minor elements during crystallization were found and the physical-chemical theory that they contain applies to uranium as well as to other minor elements» A selected few of these papers are included here to provide some coverage of this important aspect of uranium in igneous rocks * A number of abstracts from the foreign literature are included in order to provide a wide coverage of general concepts concerning the occurrence of uranium in igneous rockso Papers relating to uranium in tuffaceous rocks are not included in this bibliography as they are included in another bibliography of uranium in sandstone-type deposits (Melin, 195>6, Selected annotated bibliography of the geology of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the United Statess U» S» Geol* Survey TEI-£26$ Bull. 10^9-Cj in preparation)* The index map shows the location in the United States and Alaska of igneous rocks that have been analyzed chemically for uranium. The rocks are divided into granitic (including pegmatites), intermediate, extreme differentiates, and ultrabasic (including meteorites) types, and according to whether they are plutonie, volcanic, or metamorphie. The basis of classification of the different rock types is shown on plate 1« The areas of igneous rocks in the United StateSj, shown on plate J.9 were compiled by E. Alien Merewether from the geologic map of the United States. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank George J. Neuerburg for his helpful suggestions and guidance. Rosemary A0 Robbins furnished a partial list of titles^ and E0 Alien Merewether assisted in the preparation of the index map. The compilation was done by the U« S. Geological Survey on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U* S. Atomic Energy Commission. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1« Adams, J» A. SOJ» 19^U^ Uranium and thorium contents of volcanic rocks, in Faul, Henry, (ed»), Nuclear Geology ^ p« 89-98, New York, John Wiley and Sons "On the basis of available analysesj, the average uranium content of basic lavas is between 0*6 and 1«1 ppm» At Lassen ^Cassen Volcanic National Parks California/ differentiation produced dacitic lavas with U times as much uranium as the most basic lava analyzed, and differentiation can be expected to produce acidic volcanic rocks with at least 6 times as much uranium as the average basic lavas * Obsidians with l£ ppm are known, and extreme differentiates may have even higher concentrations of uranium* Present data indicate that thorium is about 3 times more abundant than uranium in unweathered volcanic rocks and that this ratio probably holds constant during differentiation," (author's conclusions). 2« Adams 3, J« Att S es 1955* The uranium geochemistry of Lassen Volcanic National Park, California? Geochirru et Gosmochim,, Acta^ v. B9 p. The uranium contents of samples of andesites^ basalts , tuffs and dacites from Lassen Volcanic National Park^ were determined fluorimetrically and ranged from 0086 ppm in basalts to 3*6 ppm in a dacite0 Values for the uranium content of similar samples determined fluorimetrically and by the direct fusion method (uranium recalculated from percent radium) are compared 0 The data indicate that the uranium and radium are in equilibrium,, There is a definite positive correlation between the amounts of uranium and potassiumj the uranium content of the rocks increases with an increase in potasha This indicates that the potash-rich glassy phase of the rocks is the main carrier of potassium, uranium^, radium and probably thorium*, The correlation between the amounts of uranium and potassium is a general expression of the correlation between the amounts of silica and uranium^ because both silica and potassium increase in the residual magma during the first stages of magmatic differentiation. The author states that uranium is concentrated relative to potassium in the glassy ground mass in the later stages of magmatic differentiation by removal of some of the potassium into the crystalline phases 0 9 The main Lassen sequence shows a positive correlation between uranium content and ''relative alpha activity11 ("a measure of a complex of phenomena involving over twenty different alpha-emitting nuclides in the U U and Th232 decay series11 )* A deviation from this trend shown by samples from the Cinder Cone (volcanic ash, andesite^ and vesicular basalt) may be due to the selective leaching of uranium from some of the weathered samples 0 The author believes that some of the uranium in the Lassen lavas is concentrated in zircon. 10 3» Adams, J* JU S 0 , and Saunders, D. F05 1£53, Uranium content of the lavas of Lassen Volcanic National Parks California /abs*7: Geolo Soco America Bull.,, v0 61i<, no., 12, pt 0 2$ p* 13^9 «~ "Nineteen samples of volcanic rocks from Lassen folcanic National Park have been analyzed for uranium, sodium, potassium, and ealeiumo In addition, the alpha activities -were measured with scintillometers* Uranium and potassium
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